2011年上海市黄浦区初中英语二模卷试题及参考答案【纯word版,完美打印】

黄浦区2010学年第二学期九年级质量调研考试

Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar

V. Choose the best answer

31. The boys are talking ______the football match between Class One and Class Three.

A) about B) in C) from D) with

32. Miss Liu often encourages ______to take part in physical activities after class.

A) we B) our C) us D) ours

33. I suppose we should meet earlier and then we will have______ time to know each other.

A) little B) plenty of C) few D) many

34. Nowadays people can get ______on everything by surfing the internet

A).importance B) knowledge C) news D) idea

35. Jane is ______among the girls of her family. She learns things very quickly.

A) smart B) as smart as C ) smarter D) the smartest

36. The British people feel quite ______while expecting their prince's wedding.

A) excited B) excitedly C) exciting D)excitement

37. The doctor tried his best to save the young man's life ____he knew it was hopeless.

A) if B)but C) though D)and

38. Don't give up working hard, ______you will never achieve anything in your life.

A) so B)or C) because D) after

39. At that time the twins were at home. One was washing clothes while ______was reading.

A) other B) the other C) another D) others

40. By 2010 we ______around ten countries in Asia.

A) have traveled B) had traveled C) are traveling D) travel

41. The government will ______billions of yuan building a Disneyland Park in Shanghai.

A) cost B) pay C) take D) spend

42. I always ask Ben ______me with my bike. He is good at fixing things.

A) to help B) helping C) help D) helped

43. The audience stopped ______at once when the performance began.

A) talk B) to talk C) talked D) talking

44. It is said that the train will be delayed, so we ______ be in a hurry.

A) mustn't B) may not C) needn't D) shouldn't

45. Soon we will graduate from junior high school., ______time flies!

A) What B) How C) What a D) What an

46. Don't worry. Tommy will send an email to us as soon as he ______in Shanghai.

A) arrive B) arrived C) will arrived D) arrives

47. John can ______why the weather is getting warmer and warmer. He is an expert on climate.

A) excuse B) explain C) exchange D) examine

48. Jack has made up his mind to live in the country. The underlined part means _______.

A) agreed B) promised C) decided D) hesitated

49. You will be independent some day, so you should rely on yourself. The underlined part means _______.

A) care for B) deal with C) depend on D) look after

50. Look! Two beautiful birds ______in our garden.

A) fly B)flied C) have fly D) are flying

51. Marty big ships, houses, trucks and cars______ in the terrible tsunami (海啸) in Japan on March11. 2011.

A) washed away B) are washed away

C) were washed away D) have been washed away

52. Jack used to work on a farm,_______?

A) didn't he B) doesn't he C) did he D) does he

53. I am_______ Miss Clerk's plan. It fits everyone.

A) strict with B) in favor of C) ready for D) full of

54. I ______my bicycle to Ben this morning. He has not returned it yet.

A) borrowed B) lent C) kept D) showed

55. —Oh, dear. You did so well in the performance. I'm really proud of you.

A) Thank you, Mum. B) That's nothing.

C) Yes, I am. D) No. I will work harder.

56. —Sorry for keeping you waiting for me so long.

—____________ .

A) Don't mention it B) All right C) That's OK. D) Not at all.

VI. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.

57. I have several __________ to answer this evening. (letter)

58. Linda is using my computer, __________ is broken. (she)

59. The __________of Jin Mao Building is 340 meters. (high)

60. __________ computer games is a very popular way for people to relax. (play)

61. A lot of fish __________when the lake is polluted. (appear)

62. Bob has a bad memory. He can never recite a text __________ .(complete)

63. Joe is a __________ man. He seldom makes a mistake in doing anything, (care)

64. If you want to __________ in the future, you must work hard from now on. (success)

VII. Rewrite the following sentences as required.

65. Joe works on the farm every other day. (改为否定句)

Joe _________ _________ on the farm every other day.

66. Mum goes shopping in the supermarket nearby once a week. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ does Mum go shopping in the supermarket nearby?

67. The government has built a new library in our neighborhood. (改为被动语态)

A new library has __________ __________in our neighborhood by the government.

68 Sandy said, "I will sec the film with my girl friend." (改为含宾语从句的句子)

Sandy said that _________ __________ see the film with his girl friend.

69 Now I know how I can make him be satisfied with my work. (改为简单句)

Now I know _________ _________ make him be satisfied with my work.

70. It's so cold that the children can't play outside. （保持基本句意不变）

It's _________ ________ for the children to play outside.

Part 3 Reading and Writing

VIII. Reading comprehension

A. True or False

According to Forces magazine, Oprah Winfrey is one of the richest women in America. She has worked as a news reporter, movie actress, and writer, but she is best known for her popular television talk show, Oprah.

Life has not always been easy for Oprah. When she was young, her parents did not live together and she often moved house. Her family was poor, and Oprah did not have her first pair of shoes until she was six years old. But Oprah was smart, she learned how to read before she started school. And even from her young age, Oprah loved to talk.

After graduating from high school, Oprah got a job as a newsreader at a television station in Baltimore Oprah was very different from other reporters. She laughed when she made mistakes, and cried if the story was sad. Her style ( 格式) was not right for the news reporting, so she lost her job.

Oprah's boss at the television station offered her a job as a co-host of a morning talk show called People Are Talking. She was very popular on that show, and in 1981 Oprah moved to Chicago where she was given a larger studio audience. Five years later, her show Oprah was broadcast nationally for the first time.

Every day, 14 million people watch Oprah in the USA and 130 other countries. She interviews not only famous people but also ordinary people, who she asks to talk about their personal problems. When a guest's story moves her, she cries and opens her arras for a hug. People throughout the USA and around the world feel close to Oprah because of her communication style.

71. Oprah is a popular television talk show of America.

72. Oprah used to be very poor but now she is one of the richest women in the USA.

73. Oprah was quick to learn and she loved to talk after graduating from high school.

74. Oprah lost her job as a news reporter because she often made mistakes.

75. Oprah became popular on a morning talk show called People Are Talking.

76. Oprah shows the personal lives of well-known people and provides good ideas.

77. The passage is mainly about Oprah Winfrey's success story.

B. Choose the best answer.

In the past twenty years, riding bicycles has become increasingly popular among people of all ages. Bicycles have long played an important part in the lives of American youths. But today an even greater number of adults pedal along roadsides and bicycle paths. These new riders are often trying to become fit or lose weight. They have found that bicycling is a pleasant way to stay healthy.

This is certainly good for health. But it has also brought some problems. With all these added people on the road, bicycle safety has become a matter of real importance.

Bicycle safety is mostly a matter of common sense. People should ride only on bicycle paths, where they will not be badly hurt. There are also a number of rules that riders should follow, especially when riding on streets or highways. Bicyclists should never ride against the traffic, nor should they carry other people on their bicycles. It is also wise to ride in single line on busy streets and to walk bicycles across the busy intersections (交叉路口). By following these rules, bicycle riders will not only stay healthy but also be safe.

In one recent year, the National Safely Council reported that 34 thousand bicycle riders were hurt in highway accident. In that same year, another six hundred riders were killed. Since the. introduction of crash helmets (头盔) in 1980, the number of injuries (伤者) and deaths from bicycling accidents had gone down. Today, more and more riders realize the dangers of bicycling. They arc wearing helmets and paying closer attention to cycling rules.

78. In America, ______ played an important part in the lives of young people in the past twenty years.

A) staying healthy B) riding bicycles C) losing weight D) being pleasure

79. The underlined word pedal in the first paragraph means "______"

A) walk B) cycle C) rush D) run

80. Nowadays many adults ride bicycles because they have found it ______.

A) a good way to be fit and fun B) helpful to be good-looking

C) interesting and exciting D) possible to make friends

8I. With added people riding on the road, ______has become the most important matter.

A) the number of bicycles B) a good road and highway

C) bicycle safety D) a traffic rule

82. Bicyclists should not ______when riding on streets.

A) ride in single line B) carry people on their bicycles

C) ride only on bicycle pats D) walk bicycles

83. Since the introduction of crash helmets, ______.

A) 34 thousand bicycle riders have been hurt in highway accident

B) the number of cycling injuries has gone down

C) the new riders have become fit and healthy

D) many adults have found cycling pleasant

84. The writer's main purpose (目的) in this passage is to ______.

A) explain the job of the National Safety Council

B) advise people of all ages to ride bicycles

C) encourage companies to produce more better bicycles

D) make people more concerned with (关心) bicycle safely

C. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage .

An agriculture expert in West Africa once wrote about methods of how to kill mice without a lot of money. These methods are used by some local farmers. This expert in Mali said his gardener set four traps(陷阱)with this method—and caught one hundred and fifty ___85___ in just one night.

The trap is easy to make. You need a plastic bucket (桶) that is empty and uncovered. Dig a hole in the ground and place the bucket inside. The top should be the same level with the ___86___ of the ground. Fill the bucket with water to within eight centimeters of the top. Add small pieces of food wastes. These food wastes should float (漂浮) ___87___ . Also put some wastes on the ground near the trap.

During the night, mice will come out to ___88___ food wastes. They will fall into the trap.

If you don't have enough food to float, you can try another way. Put two pieces of cloth over the top of the bucket or the hole in the ground. I-cave a small opening where the pieces of cloth meet

Put a little food wastes on the cloth. When mice walk onto the cloth to eat, they will slide through opening into the water.

At one time or another, most farmers have problems with mice. Mice cat a lot of rice. They also carry diseases. People get ___89___from eating or touching the rice that mice have got into.

There are other ways that farmers can ___90___ these problems. One way is to use buildings specially designed to keep mice out. Another way is to use poisons(毒药) to kill the mice. However, both of these methods can be costly.

Farmers must buy die materials to build the buildings. Or they must buy chemical poisons to Jail the mice. But these poisons can also be ___91___ to other living things—including the farmers who use them.

85. A) cats B) mice C) dogs D) chickens

86. A) surface B) cover C) part D) halfway

87. A) on the trap B) on the top C) on the water D) on the ground

88. A) drink B) eat C) make D) hide

89. A) a fever B) a cold C) sick D) a headache

90. A) deal with B) get on C) take care D) cut down

91. A) various B) dangerous C) nervous D) precious

D. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words

Cindy wanted a job. She thought that if she had a job after school, she could e___92___her own money. Then she wouldn't have to ask her parents for money.

Some of her friends worked when school was finished for the day. So Cindy went to some of the stores and asked for work. She f___93___ got a job in a cafe. She was very happy.

She came home and told her parents,-"Mum, Dad, I got a job at a cafe. Now I will have my own money.

“Congratulations!” they said. They asked her lots of questions about the job and about people who owned the store.

"Don't worry. Mum" Cindy said, "I think they are n___94___ people and I will be happy there." Her parents allowed her to take the job.

After the first day, they asked her if it was good.

"It was w___95___" said Cindy "The owners were very friendly. They showed me how to do things and helped me all the time."

Two days later, Cindy's parents saw her come home from job. She looked u___96___.

"What's the matter?" they asked her.

"I am tired." she said. "The owners of the cafe" arc making me work too hard. When I started, they were very friendly but now they are bossy. They watched me all the time and complained when something goes wrong, even if it isn't my fault. Sometimes they even criticize (批评) me in front of c___97___.Today a friend from school came to the cafe and I was telling her what was on the menu, and the owner told me to stop talking to my friend and get on with my work. It isn't f ___98____"

"Don't you like working there now ? " asked her mother.

"Yes, I do like working there," said Cindy. "I don't like the owners working there!"

E. Answer the questions

Todd was rather looking forward to his first journey by underground in London. He had heard a great deal about it from his friends who had already been to England. They all advised him not to travel alone the first time. But Todd is the kind of person who never listens to anyone's advice.

Todd entered the station shortly after five in the afternoon. This is a bad time to travel in London, by both bus and train, because crowds of people go home from work at this hour. He had to join a long queue (队伍) of people waiting for tickets. When at last his turn came, he had some difficulty making the man understand the name of the station he wanted to go to. The people behind him began to complain impatiently at the delay. However, he got the right ticket in the end and, by asking several people the way, he also found the right platform, which was already packed tight with people. He did not manage to get on the first train, but he was able to move nearer to .the edge of the platform so as to be in a better position to get on the next one. When later train came, Todd was swept forward onto the train by the rush of the people from behind. The doors closed and the train moved off before he was able to get his breath back. He was unable to see the names of the stations where the train stopped, but he had counted the number of stops so that he knew exactly where to get off. His station was the sixth along the line.

When the train reached the sixth station, he got off, feeling relieved that his journey had been so easy. But he was surprised to see that he had got off at a station that he had never heard of! He explained his difficulty to a man standing on the platform. With a look of amusement on his face, the man told Todd he had traveled on a train going in the wrong direction.

99. Was Todd's first journey by underground successful?

__________, ________________________

100. Why is it a bad time to travel shortly after five in the afternoon in London?

Because__________________________________.

101. What difficulty did Todd have when he was buying the ticket?

102. How was the train which Todd got on?

It________________________________________.

103. How did Todd know where to get off?

104. The man on the platform looked amused when Todd told his difficulty lo him, didn't he?

__________________________________

105. What do you learn from Todd's experience?

__________________________________

IX. Writing

106.. Write at least 60 words about the topic "I never forget him/ her."

（以“我忘不了他/ 她”为题写一篇不少于60字的短文，标点符号不占格。）

Use the following questions as a guide.

? Who do you never forget?? Why do you never forget him/ her?

? What docs he /she look like? What is he /she like?? What are your hopes for him/ her for the future?

【keys】

Part 2

V.

31-35 ACBBD

36-40 ACBBB

41-45 DADCB

46-50 DBCCD

51-56 CABBAC

VI.

57-64 letters, hers, height, Playing, disappear, completely, careful, succeed

VII.

65. doesn’t work66. How often 67.been built 68. he would 69. how to 70. too cold

Part 3

VIII.

A. 71-77 TTFFTFT

B. 78-84 BBACBBD

C. 85-91 BACBCAB

D. 92. earn, finally, nice, wonderful, upset/unhappy, customers, fair/free

E. 99. No, it wasn’t.

100. Because crowds of people go home from work at this time.

101. He had some difficulty making the man understand the name of the station he wanted to go to. 102. It was crowded.

103. He had counted the number of stops.

104. Yes, he did.

105. When I do something, I should prepare first, and follow others’ advice.

【2014上海二模】上海市虹口区2014年高考模拟(二模)英语试题(含答案)(word版)

上海市虹口区2014届高三4月高考模拟（二模） 英语试卷2014.4 （时间120分钟，满分150分） 考生注意: 1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—10页）和第Ⅱ卷（第11页）， 全卷共11页。第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题为选择题，答题必须涂在答题纸上，第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 第I 卷(共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A carpenter. B. A doctor. C. An electrician. D. An editor. 2. A. $40. B. $30. C. $20. D. $10. 3. A. Confused. B. Sympathetic. C. Embarrassed. D. Uninterested. 4. A. Leave right away. B. Stay for dinner. C. Catch a train. D. Have a meeting. 5. A. He believes that Jack will sell his house. B. He believes that Jack is joking. C. He disagrees with Jack. D. He believes that Jack will quit his job. 6. A. There won’t be enough cups left. B. They’ve got plenty of cu ps. C. They’re buying what they need. D. They’ve got enough food for the picnic. 7. A. Jerry really wants the scholarship. B. No one wants the scholarship. C. Jerry isn’t interested in the scholarship. D. Others like the scholarship more than Jerry. 8. A. He did better than expected. B. He failed the maths exam. C. He used to be a top student. D. He answered only 10% of the questions. 第1页

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间 接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如： He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：

2019上海市长宁区中考英语二模含参考答案

长宁区中考英语质量抽查试卷 (满: 150 考试时间: 100分钟) Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力) 1. Listening comprehension (听力理解) (共30分) A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图 片) (6分) 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ B. listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当在答案)（ 8分） 7. A) A policeman B) An artist C) An actor D) A teacher. 8. A) Rainy B) Snowy. C) Cloudy. D) Windy. 9. A) Brown B)Black. C) White. D) Blue. 10. A) 8. B) 12. C) 16. D) 24. 11. A) In a restaurant. B) In a post office. C) At school D) At home. 12. A) Teacher and student. B) Assistant and Customer. C) Doctor and patient D) Librarian and Clerk.

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32. 小王做“测定小灯泡电功率”实验，现有电源（电压保持不变）、待测小灯、电压表、电流表、滑动变阻器（“50Ω 2A ”、“20Ω 2A ”两种规格）、电键及导线若干，其中待测小灯上只有所标“0.22A ”（指小灯正常工作电流）字样清晰可见。他连接电路，并把滑片移到变阻器的一端，闭合电键后发现小灯发出明亮的光，而电压表却无示数。接着他移动滑片，发现电流表示数逐渐减小，电压表示数逐渐增大，当滑片移动到中点位置附近时，小灯正常发光，此时电压表示数为2.3伏。他经过思考分析，不更换实验器材重新正确连接电路，并规范操作，闭合电键发现电流表、电压表示数分别为0.16安和1.3伏。 ① 请说明小王判断小灯正常发光的理由：____________________________________ ② 实验中所用滑动变阻器的最大阻值为_____________欧，电源电压为___________伏，小灯泡的额定功率为_______________瓦。（需写出计算过程） 2014黄浦区二模 21．如图10所示，装有水的薄壁轻质圆柱形容器底面积为1×10－2 米2 ，静止在水平面上。 ①若容器内水的体积为2×10－3 米3 ，求水的质量m 水水对 容器底部的压强p 水。 ②若容器内水的质量为m ，现有物体A 、B （其密度、体积 的关系如右表所示），请选择一个，当把物体浸没在容器内水中后（水不会溢出），可使水对容器底部压强p ’水与水平地面受到的压强p ’地 的比值最小。 选择________物体（选填“A ”或“B ”），求p ’ 水 与p ’地 的最小比值。（用m 、ρ水 、ρ 、V 表 示） 22．在图11（a ）所示电路中，电源电压可在6~12伏范围内调节，电阻R 1的阻值为10欧。 ①求通过电阻R 1最小电流I 1最小。 ②若通过变阻器R 2的电流为0.5安，求10秒内电流通过R 2所做功的最大值 W 2最大。 ③现有标有“20Ω 2Α”、“50Ω 1Α”字样的滑动变阻器可供选择，有一个表盘如图11（b ）所示的电流表可接入电路。 若电源电压调至某一数值且保持不变，当选用标有__________字样的变阻器替换R 2，并把电流表接入__________点时（选填“M ”、“N ”或“M 、N ”），在移动变阻器滑片P 的过程中电流表示数的变化量ΔI 最大。求电流表示数的最大变 （10） （11） （12） （13） （a ） (b) 图11 图10 物体 密度 体积 A ρ 2V B 3ρ V

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英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。