朗阁-雅思口语如何使用复杂语法句式

雅思口语如何使用复杂语法句式

朗阁海外考试研究中心

许多考生在雅思口语考试中，用的最多的还是简单句，对于复杂语句的使用都是有所保留害怕出错，为了能够尽自己所能提高语法分数，我们也一定要大胆尝试一些高级的语法句型。语法多样性及准确性是雅思口语评分标准之一，同时也是不少考生拿不到高分的关键点。别的不说，单就6分的标准来看，语法的要求是uses a mix of simple and complex structures, but with limited flexibility以及may make frequent mistakes with complex structures, though these rarely cause comprehension problems。虽然6分中对复杂句式的使用要求很宽松，但考生如果连使用复杂句式的意识都没有，那就很难拿到高分。因此，以下对雅思口语中常用的复杂句式做一个大致的梳理。

一、并列句

并列句是最简单的一种复杂句式，即用连接词把两个及两个以上的简单句连接在一起。因此，我们要了解并掌握以下一些常用的并列连接词：

and, or, but

both…and…

either…or…

neither…nor…

not…but…

not only…but also…

as well as…

二、名词性从句

名词从句的本质，就相当于一个名词。名词能做什么，它就能做什么。所以，名词从句的用法非常简单：作主语，叫主语从句。作宾语，叫宾语从句。作表语，叫表语从句。作同位语，

叫同位语从句。

名词从句的引导词有3种：that从句，whether/if从句，疑问词从句。在句中都能充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。

1. that从句

主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。

宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。

2. whether从句

主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有待证实。

宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。

3. 疑问词从句

主语：How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。

同位语：I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

三、状语从句

状语从句的使用，主要注意要根据不同从句使用不同的连接词。

1. 时间状语从句

（1）when 当…的时候，before 在…之前，after 在…之后

（2）while 在…期间（只能接延续动词）

（3）until 直到…（只能接短暂动词）

（4）as soon as / the moment 一…就…（只能接短暂动词）

（5）no soon…than…一…就…（只能接短暂动词）

（6）as 当…时（可以接短暂动词，也可接延续动词）

（7）since / ever since 自从…（可以接短暂动词，也可接延续动词）

（8）by the time

2. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句由where+陈述句构成，用来表达主句动作发生的地点。地点状语从句在英语中出现得不多，这里就不多举例子了。

3. 原因状语从句

because、for、as、since均可引导原因状语从句，但because语气最强，只有它能回答why的提问，也只有because才能被强调词only、just、perhaps来修饰。

4. 目的状语从句

目的状语从句，一般翻译为“以便于…”，常用连词有so that、in order that、that。主句和从句一般没有逗号隔开，在目的状语从句中，常含有情态动词。

5. 结果状语从句

结果状语从句，就是中文里边说的“如此…以至于…”。连接结果状语从句的连词有：so…that…，such…that…，so that，such that。

6. 条件状语从句

条件状语从句分为两大类：真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句，这里只讨论真实条件状语从句。而非真实条件状语从句，请考生们参考“虚拟语气”的语法知识。

（1）条件状语从句最常用的连接副词是：if（如果…），unless（除非…）

（2）其它比较常用的连接副词：suppose/supposing(that) （如果…）、providing/ provided(that) （如果…）、on condition that（如果…）、so long as/ as long as （只要…）

（3）only if（只有…）与if only（只要…）也可以引导条件句。

7. 让步状语从句

让步状语从句，就是我们中文里边说的“虽然…但是…”，引导让步状主语前绝不可再加but，但可用yet / still。

让步状语从句的副词连词有：though、although、even though、even if。但和中文不同，while也可引导让步状语从句。whatever、whoever、whenever、wherever、whichever、however也可引导。no matter wh-(what, who, when, where, which, how)也可引导让步状语从句。

8. 比较状语从句

as引导的比较状语从句，基本结构是as…as…，前一个as是副词，后一个as引导比较状语从句。否定句中，第一个as用so取代。than引导的比较状语从句，基本结构是“形容词或副词的比较级+than”。

9. 方式状语从句

方式状语从句表示动作的方式，引导词有as、like、as if、as though、the way。

四、定语从句

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

（1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从

句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）

（2）Whose 用来指人或物（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

（3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which/ that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/ that在句中作宾语）

The package (which/ that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which/ that在句中作宾语）

2. 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

关系副词when、where、why、how的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

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