词 汇 拓 展 4
词汇拓展4-1
1. China is developing at such an astonishing _________ that it takes on a new look every day.
A. altitude
B. achievement
C. rate
D. direction
2. Mr. Black had a stomachache for a long time, so he decided to ________ his doctor and find out the problem.
A. admire
B. encourage
C. greet
D. consult
3. After years of careful observation in the wild, Jane Goodall was finally able to ________ the social system of
chimps.
A. carry out
B. pick out
C. look out
D. work out
4. The father has been struggling for many years in order that his only son can be _______ with higher education.
A. served
B. equipped
C. offered
D. received
5. Doing volunteer work in your spare time will definitely ________ you a lot , as it can help you get to know society better .
A. starve
B. balance
C. limit
D. benefit
6. When asked why he is so successful in his life, RongYiren said honesty is the _______ cause of his success.
A. fundamental
B. unbelievable
C. obvious
D. genuine
7. “Thanks” is an expression _____ used to express one’s gratitude to someone for something he has done for you.
A. commonly
B. ordinarily
C. regularly
D. occasionally
8. --- How did he _______ the punishment he was given for his cruel conduct?
--- He knew it served him right.
A. rid of
B. remind of
C. refer to
D. react to
9. This is a new _____ to language teaching, which can stimulate(激发) students’ interest to learn the language.
A. approach
B. means
C. method
D. way
10. Learning that their only son was sound and safe after 72 hours of search put the family _____.
A in a mess B. in order C. at home D. at ease
11. The manager told Ann to _______ a party to welcome the foreign guests to their company the following week.
A. join
B. organize
C. control
D. schedule
12. Don’t waste your words any more; she is as ______ as a mule (骡子) and no one can persuade her.
A. reliable
B. stubborn
C. determined
D. tired
13. As soon as the children ________ themselves in their seats in the theater, the curtain went up.
A. sat
B. settled
C. took
D. put
14. –So why didn’t you say “hello” to him yesterday?
--Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he _______ me and walked on.
A. ignored
B. refused
C. denied
D. missed
15. His parents’______ was that the room should be cleaned up after the party.
A. saying
B. request
C. word
D. command
16. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thought? The word
“like” here means: __________
A. for example
B. such as
C. as
D. love
17. When we are walking on the beach, the sand ______ our feet feels soft and comfortable.
A. at
B. behind
C. beneath
D. Beside
18. A series of problems faced by the public has ________ in the national conference.
A. written down
B. come up
C. added up
D. gone through
19. First ________ the article once quickly to get the general idea of it; then I will ask you a few questions.
A. write down
B. look at
C. hear of
D. go through
20. The panda that was saved last year is now being well ______ in the local zoo.
A. made use of
B. cared about
C. looked out
D. taken care of
21. Not having a good ____________of English can be a serious obstacle to achieving your goals.
A. demand
B. appreciation
C. experience
D. command
22. As f or hungry, you won’t get much __________ from those who never went through it
A. kindness
B. sympathy
C. advice
D. regret
23. January 8th saw events taking place in the U.S city of Memphis to ______ what would have been Elvis
Presley’s 75th birthday.
A. mark
B. strike
C. deliver
D. receive
24. Out of sympathy for the earthquake victims in Yushu, the kind-hearted lady _______ her clothes and bedding
to them.
A. put away
B. set aside
C. gave away
D. send out
25. Since all the shelves in the library are open, the books are easily ________to the readers.
A. visible
B. accessible
C. available
D. acceptable
26. Jennie was particularly ________to personal criticism; thus, you’d better talk with her cautiously.
A. ridiculous
B. opposed
C. unconditional
D. sensitive
27.Everyone must work to live, but many people are lucky enough to make more money than they ______ need.
What should they do with this extra income?
A. eventually
B. naturally
C. evidently
D. immediately
28. We have a high regard for Mr. Smith because he always tries to _______ his principles
A. look forward to
B. live up to
C. catch up with
D. live up with
29.-–I hear that a modern church is to be built near our school.
---I’m afraid that it doesn’t _________the surroundings.
A. come up with
B. get along with
C. fit in with
D. keep up with
30. His sacrifices for the country were never officially ___________, which made all of us feel discouraged.
A. appealed
B. acknowledged
C. recommended
D. evaluated
31. Do you still remember the days ____ we spent in Qingdao?
A. that
B. what
C. when
D. whose
32. A fine ______of the city can be obtained from the tower of the Town Hall．
A．sight B．scene C. view D．scenery
33. Look at the black clouds. It ________soon.
A. is raining
B. is to rain
C. will rain
D. is going to rain
34. The evening party was well _________ and everyone had a good time at it.
A. put on
B. managed
C. set up
D. organized
35. That hero who died in the war was so brave that he never ____to the enemies until death.
A．gave up B. gave out C. gave in D. gave away
36. The number of people in the party _____fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was
B. was; was
C. was; were
D. were; were
37. --Excuse me, Dad, but I’m going to the club to meet my friends in the football team.
-- Ok. ________.
A. Good luck
B. Congratulations
C. With pleasure
D. Have fun
38. One should keep _________ and think of ways to escape when facing danger.
A. quiet
B. calm
C. still
D. silent
39. --- I hear you won the prize in the English Contest last week.
--- That was the second time that I ______ the prize.
A. have got
B. got
C. get
D. had got
40. In no country _____Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a day.
A. other than
B. more than
C. better than
D. rather than A
41. People like taking photos because photos are the _______ of youth and history and can remind us of many
happy scenes.
A. witness
B. guidance
C. evidence
D. approval
42. For sustainable development, the government has decided to give _______ to those energy conserving and
environment-friendly business in many aspects.
A. profit
B. interest
C. advantage
D. preference
43. It’s a major __________for Obama and his national security team, to fulfill the goal once voiced by Obama’s
predecessor, George W. Bush, to bring to justice the mastermind （设计者）of the 9-11 attacks.
A. anecdote B .accomplishment C. negotiate D. campaign
44. While the government says there is a(n) ________supply of houses，prices of apartments have been going up
these years.
A. unconditional
B. precise
C. abundant
D. short
45. --- Why do English people talk so often about the weather when they start a conversation?
--- Well, it’s prob ably the weather is a(n) ________topic.
A. safe
B. ordinary
C. primitive
D. conventional
46. The director added a few characters and changed some names in this movie but _______ this is a true story.
A. completely
B. necessarily
C. essentially
D. gradually
47. Founded by Li Kaifu in September 2009, Innovation Workshop is ________ to help Chinese young people
create successful starting-up companies
A. commented
B. confirmed
C. concluded
D. committed
48. There is even an animal whose tail will __________so that it can run away if someone grabs it.
A. break up
B. break out
C. break off
D. break down
49.To improve your health, you can ________ 25-30 minutes three or four times a week to do simple things such
as walking ,cycling or running .
A. give off
B. turn down
C. take over
D. set aside
50. For a long time, he hesitated whether he should tell us ________ what had happened.
A. at dusk
B. at length
C. at present
D. at stake
词汇拓展4-2
1. The 9th ASEM Summit, held in Laos in November 2012, was aimed at developing Asia-Europe cooperation to ________ world economic growth.
A. demonstrate
B. dominate
C. proceed
D. promote
2. The Great Wall, one of the world’s seven wond ers, __________its way from west to east over the mountains,
across the deserts and through the valleys.
A. bends
B. winds
C. roars
D. howls
3. My grandmother still has very _________hearing although she is already eighty years old.
A. allergic
B. acute
C. sensitive
D. sensible
4. A wise boss must be aware that sometimes a little_________ can motivate the employees to work harder.
A. liberty
B. equality
C. bonus
D. boom
5. According to the research, the reason why people are fat is __________caused by overeating.
A. roughly
B. deliberately
C. sincerely
D. partly
6. There was a time when some western travel agencies were once forced to_______ their tour prices as much as 33% because of European debt crisis.
A. decrease
B. decline
C. discount
D. deposit
7. In this school, each class has a(n) _________of approximately 70 students.
A. restriction
B. register
C. prohibition
D. accommodation
8. When it comes to the conflict between China and Japan over Diaoyu Islands, most foreign media________
little of Japan’s chances of winning on the basis of justice and fairness.
A. accumulate
B. evaluate
C. reckon
D. estimate
9. What a(n) _________coincidence! He should have known your family so well!
A. odd
B. concrete
C. initial
D. precise
10. After the 18th CPC National Congress, many new laws and polices will be _________to make sure of the
rapid and steady growth of china’s economy.
A. in power
B. in control
C. in authority
D. in force
11. We have completely different _______for TV programs. He likes NBA while I like MTV.
A．shares B．tastes C．smells D．manners
12. The building project will be _________by the government and by public collection.
A．completed B．provided C．financed D．supposed
13. Now that they have not done anything _______about the situation, it shows no evidence to return to normal.
A．effective B．attractive C．creative D. sensitive
14. The way teachers treat the students will ______ affect their growing up in the future.
A. especially B．extremely C．peacefully D．vitally
15. ---Hello, this is Frank speaking. Is Miss Smith in?
--Sorry, sir, but she is on the phone at the moment. Do you want to ______ until she finishes or will you ring back later?
A．go on B．keep on C．carry on D．hold on
16．Having been told ______ where he lived, I had no difficulty in finding Peter’s house.
A. exactly B．relatively C．appropriately D. approximately
17．Many football fans attached great importance to the two matches, because China needed to beat Iran to ensure _______ for the Asian Cup semi-finals.
A．outcome B．conservation C．qualification D．occupation
18．She is, how shall I _______ it ,not fat, but rather well-built for her age.
A．make B．put C．see D．suggest
19．With frequent storm disasters affecting all ________ of human life, it is evident that global warming becomes
a big threat to mankind.
A．results B．approaches C．methods D．aspects
20．Being a skilled secretary, she is good at ______ the mind of her boss.
A. seeing B．reading C．realizing D．recognizing
21．The _______ of the novel relies too much on coincidence to be realistic. So it is only worthwhile for us to kill time.
A. length
B. truth
C. outcome
D. plot
22．People in China don’t often kiss or hug each other goodbyes or hello, which is a common _______ in some European countries.
A. statement
B. practice
C. exercise
D. approach
23．Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to _______ products. They in turn can get more profits.
A. design
B. promote
C. classify
D. identify
24．One of his major shortcomings is that he always bases his judgment on _______ opinions, which often leads to prejudices against something or somebody.
A. objective
B. subjective
C. optimistic
D. pessimistic
25．Being a student, you should _______ your study instead of indulging yourself in computer games.
A. contribute to
B. rely on
C. concentrate on
D. lead to
26．We dined in the restaurant he recommended, which _______ fell far short of our expectations.
A. unfortunately
B. hardly
C. apparently
D. absolutely
27．During the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, 33 migration overpasses have been made _______ for herds of Tibetan antelopes to go through to their breeding grounds.
A. available
B. admirable
C. abundant
D. appropriate
28．During the reconstruction of the city, many modern tall buildings went up where old shabby houses were _______.
A. torn down
B. tired out
C. broken down
D. worn out
29．It is not enough to _______ aggression, and they must take steps to arm themselves against invasion with guns, bombs, etc.
A. praise
B. condemn
C. bear
D. notice
30．His diet can not be considered as healthy because it contains a lot of fat _______ meat, cakes and cream.
A. in terms of
B. in need of
C. in the form of
D. in favour of
31. Customers will receive a free CD as a(n) _______ with any order over 200 Yuan in this store .
A. payment
B. bonus
C. reward
D. benefit
32. Tom accumulated a grate deal of knowledge about plants and agriculture in growing strawberries, he went
back to the abandoned _______ of spreading straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.
A. custom
B. approach
C. practice
D. principle
33. The store has an excellent ________for fair dealing and its booming sales figures are often reported in local
newspapers.
A. regulation B reputation C. presentation D. exception
34. For fear of unemployment, almost one million people sat （参加考试）China civil service examination in order
to get ________jobs.
A. appropriate
B. bureaucratic
C. comfortable
D. secure
35. The USA makes a lot of excuses in an attempt to make war on Iran , however, Its ________ purpose lies in the
abundant oil there.
A. logical
B. fundamental
C. accurate
D. commonly
36. Nowadays food safety is a big problem and nobody can guarantee all foods are safe to us, but food produced
in the normal companies is _______ better.
A. strictly
B. absolutely
C. relatively
D. exactly
37. British wartime prime minister Winston Churchill ______ the reporting for 50 years of an UFO incident
because of fears it could create mass panic.
A. debated
B. abolished
C. defended
D. forbade
38. Their efforts finally_______ when the New York Time picked the group as one of the top 10 bands of the year.
A. sent off
B. paid off
C. set off
D. took off
39. The accident produced a very bad impact on the society, so those who ______ the project were severely
punished.
A. come up with
B. look out for
C. took charge of
D. took the place of
40. Shoppers are also less likely to queue for long if the item they are buying is of low value, and ______ food
and drink shopkeepers are having to find new ways to deliver good customer service.
A. in the end
B. after all
C. as a result
D. on the contrary
41.----Believe it or not, last month in America I came across the girl whose photo was in the drift bottle got three
years ago .
---Really？That’s the most surprising ________I’ve ever heard of！
A. identification
B. coincidence
C. viewpoint
D. procedure
42. The stronger the ________ is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. That is to say, it is up to
whether he has an interest in the foreign language.
A. inspiration
B. ambition
C. motivation
D. aspiration
43. As is known to us all, our Chinese government is now making every ______to stop the house price from
growing too fast.
A. effect
B. effort
C. measure
D. performance
44. When I think something is right, I will stick to that, sometimes it sounds a little________ but I am now trying
to find a balance between insistence and compromise.
A. reliable
B. artificial
C. intelligent
D. stubborn
45. I think you should go back to your ________ plan, which is much more practical than the present one.
A. opposite
B. original
C. abstract
D. ridiculous
46. The man moved ___________forward and looked over the edge, shrinking (缩) his shoulders.
A. accurately
B. unconsciously
C. cautiously
D. properly
47. As you _______ the tasks, cross them off your list so you may feel less pressure.
A. obtain
B. gain
C. succeed
D. accomplish
48. The essay you wrote is excellent, which ________a rapid improvement on your recent work.
A. illustrates
B. explains
C. represents
D. communicates
49. ---What attracted you to our university?
---You have a great basketball team and I can ________ for it.
A. work out
B. look out
C. carry out
D. try out
50. Women’s earnings are well below men’s ______educational differences that are decreasing between the two
sexes.
A. in spite of
B. in favor of
C. in case of
D. in terms of
词汇拓展4-1
1-5 CDDBD 6-10 AADAD 11-15 BBBAD 16—20 BCBDD 21-25 DBACB 26-30 DDBCB 31—35 ACDDC 36—40 CDBDA 41—45 ADBCA 46—50 CDCDB
词汇拓展4-1
1-5 DBBCD 6-10 CBCAD 11—15BCADD 16—20 ACBDB 21-25 DBBBC
26-30 AAABC 31—35 BCBDB 36—40 CDBCC 41—45 BCBDB 46—50 CDCDA
专业外语词汇
专业词汇总结 一、情节 1. Plot n. Sequence of events or actions in a short story, novel, or narrative poem.（1）(戏剧、 小说等的)情节阴谋(事件)；（2）策划，秘密计划 2. Episode n.（1）（组成一个较大事件的) 一个(或一系列) 事件，(若干或一连串事件中的) 一个事件 (人生的)一段经历； （2）(小说、诗、剧本等文艺作品中的)插曲，片断；主要情节； （3）(连载小说或分期连载的剧本的)一节，一部分； （4）(电影、电视、戏剧等的)连续剧的一集(或一出、一部分). 3. Intrigue n. （1）阴谋，诡计；密谋，策划；（2）(戏剧、小说等错综复杂的) 情节；吸引力. 二、散文 4. Prose n. (1) 散文；平铺直叙的文体； （2）乏味的话；平凡，单调；无聊；无聊的议论. vi.（1）写散文；（2）乏味地讲话(或写作) ； vt. 把…写成散文；把(诗等)改写成散文. 5. Essay n.（1）论说文，短论，短评；小品文，散文，随笔；文章（2）尝试；试图，企图 6. Nonfiction n. （1）非小说类写实文学（2）非小说类文学作品 三、比喻 7. Simile n. Comparison of two different things or ideas through the use of the words “like” or “as.” 明喻；直喻 8. Metaphor n. Comparison of two unlike things without the use of “like” or “as.” 暗喻，隐喻；比喻 9. Imagery: Multiple words or a continuous phrase that a writer uses to represent persons, objects, actions, feelings, and ideas descriptively by appealing to the senses.比喻，意象 四、诗歌 10. Ode n.Long lyric poem on a serious subject often for ceremonial or public occasions.颂诗；颂歌；抒情诗、赋 11. Song n. 歌曲，歌曲集；诗歌，韵文 12. Poem n.（1）诗；韵文；诗体文（2）诗一般的事物；富有诗意的东西 13. Epic n. Long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a hero who embodies the values of a particular society.（1）史诗：具有代表性的有：(古希腊史诗) 荷马的《伊利亚特》、《奥德赛》[亦称为古典史诗(classical epic)]，弥尔顿的《失乐园》[称为文学史诗(art epic, literary epic)]，英国史诗《贝奥伍尔夫》[称为民族史诗(folk epic, national epic)]。 （2）叙事诗，如但丁的《神曲》 （3）史诗般的文艺作品，具有史诗性质的小说、记叙文、戏剧、电影等 （4）可写成史诗的一系列事件(或事迹、传记等) 14. Lyrical poetry: Poems that focus on expressing emotions or thoughts.抒情诗
词汇表整理版
体验商务英语综合教程4前六单元词汇表 Unit 1 认知词汇： beat about the bush 旁敲侧击；转弯抹角 brave new world 美好新世界 cost-cutting n. 削减成本 v. 削减成本（cost-cut的ing形式） get straight to the point 直奔主题 get through 通过；到达；做完；接通电话；度过熬过(困难时期等) group dynamics 团体动力学群体动力团体动力 Inhibited adj. 抑制的；禁止的；羞怯的 v. 抑制；控制（inhibit的过去分词） In the air 在空中在流行中流传中 logistical nightmare 难办之事很难安排的事情；难办之事 overdraft limit 透支额度 rambling adj. 漫步的；闲聊的；蔓生的 v. 漫步（ramble的ing形式）
repercussion n. 反响；弹回；反射；浮动诊胎法 screen n. 屏幕；屏风 vt.筛；拍摄；放映；掩蔽 vi. 拍电影 n. (Screen)人名；(英)斯克林 subgroup n. 小群；隶属的小组织 vt.给…加副标题 succinct adj. 简洁的；简明的；紧身的 unstructured data 非结构化数据 workflow n. 工作流工作流程 使用词汇： access n. 进入；使用权；通路 vt.使用；存取；接近 accurate adj. 精确的 a hard nut to crack n. 棘手的问题 allocate vt.分配；拨出；使坐落于 vi. 分配；指定 articulate adj. 发音清晰的；口才好的；有关节的 vt.清晰地发（音）；明确有力地表达；用关节连接；使相互连贯vi. 发音；清楚地讲话；用关节连接起来
一般功能性词汇
一般功能性词汇1. 因果关系 导致，产生give rise to,lead to, result in, be responsible for, prompt 解析：give rise to, lead to, result in 表示一般性的“导致、产生、造成”；be responsible for 不仅表示“为…负责”，也可以表示“产生”（being a source or cause），但多指“产生某种负面后果和不利局面”；prompt 表示“激发”（To move to act; spur; incite），有“快速产生”之意。 Fast-paced modern life is responsible for the consumption of junk food. The bishop's speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties. Sharon Stone’s remarks about China’s Sichuan earthquake prompted angry responses from the Chinese public. 产生于result from, originate in (from) 解析：result from 表示“产生于”；originate in (from)表示“发源自” 例句：Youtiao originated in China. 归因于attribute ...to, blame..on, be the culprit of 解析：attribute A to B 表示“将A 归因于B”；blame A on B，表示“将A（负 面的）归咎于B”；culprit 本意表示“罪犯”(one charged with a crime or an offense)，比喻义表示“造成某种负面后果的原因”（the reason for a particular problem or difficulty） 例句：Children today are getting increasingly overweight. Experts believe that excessive consumption is the main culprit. 使某人做某事prompt sb to do sth, motivate sb to do sth 解析：prompt 指“令某人做出某种具体行动的原因，强调快速激发”；motivate 一般功能性词汇 2 指“成为某人的做某事的动机” Many great businessmen are motivated not but the desire for money. 原因cause, reason 解析：cause 指“造成某事客观原因”，reason 指“用来解释的理由”。Reason 并不一定就是cause.跟cause 有关的几种常用搭配： 真实原因real cause, 根本原因root cause, underlying cause 主要原因major cause, primary cause 可能的原因likely cause, possible cause contributory cause
语篇衔接与连贯研究综述
语篇衔接与连贯研究综述 杭州电子科技大学信息工程学院张艳斌 ［摘要］衔接与连贯是语篇分析领域中的两个最基本的概念, 也是语篇分析的重要课题。本文将从理论和应用两个方面综述对语篇衔接与连贯的研究，主要包括历史背景、理论研究、衔接与连贯的定义、衔接与连贯的关系以及应用研究和存在问题。 ［关键词］语篇衔接连贯 由于语言学家们研究语篇的角度、方法不同, 他们对衔接与连贯这一对术语的定义及其关系的认识也有差异。需要加上其他有名的语言学家的给出的定义吗? 我国语篇研究者在国外学者Halliday和Hasan 等人研究成果的基础上, 对衔接和连贯理论进行了介绍和研究, 他们既有一致的看法, 也提出了许多不同的观点。他们对衔接的手段、层次, 连贯的标准及分类以及衔接与连贯的关系提出了补充和不同看法。有的学者试图建立自己的理论模式, 也有的研究者应用衔接与连贯理论进行中英文对比研究, 试图寻找某些翻译时可以遵循的规律。本文将从理论和应用两方面对我国上世纪90 年代以来的衔接与连贯研究进行回顾和评述。 一、历史背景 衔接与连贯作为两个术语首先出现在话语语言学(Text- linguistics或叫篇章语言学)中。20 世纪50 年代，Zellig Harris(1952)在Language 杂志上发表了题为“Discourse Analysis”（话语分析）的文章，突破了以句子为最大单位的传统语言学研究方法，将跨句段语言研究纳入研究范围。60 年代，话语语言学崛起，同时作为语言研究方法的“话语分析（篇章分 析）”也随之兴起。70 年代，语篇研究领域取得了丰硕的研究成果。期间，研究的课题主要在指称(reference)，指示(dexis)，回指(anaphora)，语境(context)，话题和论述(topic and comment)，外在接应和内在接应(cohesionand coherence)，替换等方面（朱永生，1995）,其中大部分都被衔接理论的研究者视为衔接手段。因此，话语语言学的产生是衔接，连贯理论的历史背景。此外，系统功能语言学重视话语结构及话语的关系分析，也在一定程度上促进了衔接与连贯理论的形成与发展。 二、理论研究 （一）衔接 Halliday 和Hasan(1976)的《英语中的衔接》(Cohesion in English)一书的出版标志着衔接理论的创立。衔接理论自出现以来就在学术界引起了广泛的重视, 因为它对语篇分析、翻译理论、人机对话和文体学研究的发展都起着不可忽视的作用。国内通常认为衔接表现在语篇和表层结构上, 也就是说, 语篇的衔接是通过词汇和语法等表层结构形式实现的。Halliday和Hasan (1976)提出了5 种衔接手段: 指示、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接。对于语篇衔接理论有独到见解的当数语篇研究专家胡壮麟。在他的专著《语篇的衔接与连贯》(1994)和多篇文章中提到了衔接的多层次模式。他(1996. 1)认为语篇衔接和连贯是多层次的, 不仅仅限 于语法手段和词汇手段。多层次模式的最上端是社会符号层, 包括语境、语用学。第二层为语义层, 除及物性外, 还有逻辑连接和语篇结构。第三层为结构层, 包括结构衔接和主位结构。第四层为词汇层, 有词汇搭配、照应、指称性。最后在音系层有语调(语调选择、音调序列和音调协和)、新信息和已知信息以及语音型式。虽然有关的衔接和连贯范围主要在语义层实现, 但各层次对语篇的生成及其意义都起作用。在衔接手段上, 朱永生(1995.3)对
英语单词大全带中文
英语单词大全带中文
英语单词大全带中文 【篇一：英语单词大全带中文】 一、(school things) pen钢笔pencil铅笔pencil-case book书bag包comic book post card newspaper报纸schoolbag书包 橡皮 sharpener story-book故事书tebook笔记本chinese book语文书english book书math book数学书magazine杂志dictionary词典 二、人体（body） foot脚head头face脸hair头发se鼻子mouth嘴eye眼睛ear 耳朵arm手臂hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴 三、颜色（colours） red红blue蓝yellow黄green绿white白black黑pink粉红purple紫 橙brown棕 四、动物（animals） cat猫dog狗pig猪duck鸭rabbit兔horse马 大象ant蚂蚁fish鱼bird鸟eagle鹰
蛇mouse老鼠squirrel monkey猴panda熊猫bear熊lion狮子 老虎fox狐狸 deer鹿giraffe 鹅hen母鸡turkey lamb小羊sheep绵羊goat山羊cow donkey驴 shark鲨鱼seal sperm whale killer whale 五、人物（people） fri朋友boy男孩girl女孩 母亲father父亲 姐妹brother兄弟uncle叔叔；舅舅man男人woman女人mr.先生miss小姐lady女士；小姐mom妈妈爸爸parents父母grandparents祖父母grandma/grand （外）祖母grandpa/grandfather（外）祖父aunt cousin堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹儿子daughter女儿baby婴儿kid小孩classmate同学queen女王visitor参观者neighbour 邻居principal校长university student大学生pen pal tourist people人物robot 六、职业（jobs）
专业词汇表
专业词汇表 管道专业词汇 1. 阀门类 1.1 常用阀 闸阀 Gate valve 截止阀（球心阀） Globe valve 节流阀 Throttle valve TRV 针型阀 Needle valve 角阀（角式截止阀） Angle valve Y 型阀（ Y 型截止阀） Y-valve (Y-body globe valve) 球阀 Ball valve 三通球阀 3-Way ball valve 蝶阀 Butterfly valve 柱塞阀 Piston type valve 旋塞阀 Plug valve 三通旋塞阀 3-Way cock valve 旋塞 Cock 隔膜阀 Diaphragm valve 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve 止回阀 Check valve 1.2 其它阀 安全泄汽阀（安全阀） Safety valve SV 安全泄液阀（卸荷阀） Relief valve
安全泄压阀 Safety relief valve 罐底排污阀 Flush-bottom tank valve 波纹管密封阀 Bellow sealed valve 电磁阀 Solenoid valve 电动阀 Electrically operated valve 气动阀 Pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀 Cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀 Steam trap T 呼吸阀 Breather valve 减压阀 Reducing valve RV 控制阀 . 调节阀 Control valve 1.3 不表明结构的阀 切断阀 Block valve, Shut-off valve, Stop valve 手动控制阀 Hand control valve HCV 调节阀 Regulating valve 快开阀 Quick opening valve 快闭阀 Quick closing valve 隔断阀 Isolating valve 三通阀 3-Way valve 夹套阀 Jacketed valve 排污阀 Blowdown valve 排液阀 Drain valve 放空阀 Vent valve VTV 卸载阀 Unloading valve
一般功能性词汇
1. 一般功能词汇 因果关系 →导致，产生give rise to, lead to, result in, be responsible for, prompt 解析：give rise to, lead to, result in表示一般性的“导致、产生、造成”；be responsible for 不仅表 示“为…负责”，也可以表示“产生”（being a source or cause），但多指“产生某种负面后果和不利局 面”；prompt表示“激发”（To move to act; spur; incite），有“快速产生”之意。 Fast-paced modern life is responsible for the consumption of junk food. The bishop's speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties. Sharon Stone’s remarks about China’s Sichuan earthquake prompted angry responses from the Chinese public. →产生于result from, originate in(from) 解析：result from表示“产生于”；originate in (from)表示“发源自” 例句：Youtiao originated in China. →归因于attribute ...to, blame..on, be the culprit of 解析：attribute A to B表示“将A归因于B”；blame A on B，表示“将A（负面的）归咎于B”；culprit 本意表示“罪犯”(one charged with a crime or an offense)，比喻义表示“造成某种负面后果的原因” （the reason for a particular problem or difficulty） 例句：Children today are getting increasingly overweight. Experts believe that excessive consumption is the main culprit. →使某人做某事prompt sb to do sth, motivate sb to do sth 解析：prompt指“令某人做出某种具体行动的原因，强调快速激发”；motivate指“成为某人的做 某事的动机” Many great businessmen are motivated not but the desire for money. →原因cause, reason 解析：cause指“造成某事客观原因”，reason指“用来解释的理由”。Reason并不一定就是cause. 跟cause有关的几种常用搭配： 真实原因real cause, 根本原因root cause, underlying cause 主要原因major cause, primary cause 可能的原因likely cause, possible cause contributory cause 例句：The reason he gave for his poor academic performances is that he had recently went through a emotional meltdown. But I know that is not the real cause.
普通高中英语课程标准7级词汇表
A ability n. able a. aboard prep.adv. about ad. prep. above prep. a. ad. abroad ad. absent a. absorb v. academic a.n. accent n. accept vt. accident n. according to ad. account n. accurate a. accuse v. ache vi.& n. achieve vt. achievement n. acid a. acre n. across prep. act n. v. action n. active a. activity n. actor n. actress n. actual a. AD n. =advertisementn. addvt. address n. administration n. admire v. admit vt. adult n. advance v. advantage n. adventure n. advertise vt. advertisement n. advice n. advise vt. affair n. afford vt. afraid a. Africa n. African a. after ad. prep. conj. afternoon n. afterwards ad. again ad. against prep. age n. ago ad. agree v. agreement n. ahead ad. aid n. AIDS aim n. n. air n. aircraft n. airline n. airmail n. airplane n. airport n. airspace n. alcohol n. alike ad. alive a. all ad. a. allergic a. allow vt. almost ad. alone a. along ad. prep. aloud ad. Alphabet n. already ad. also ad. although conj. altogether ad. always ad. am v. be a.m./am， A.M./AM n. amaze v. amazing a. ambulance n. ambassador n. America n.
语篇衔接与连贯理论
语篇衔接与连贯理论 在高中英语阅读教学中, 应从以下两个方面，即词汇关系和语法关系出发，让学生在阅读过程中认识，了解这两个方面的关系，从而获得语篇手段和技巧，培养语境反应和重构能力。 1阅读教学中的词汇关系 词汇关系是指语篇中出现的一部分词汇之间存在语义上的联系或重复，或由其它词语替代，如代词代替名词，助动词(如:do)代替实义动词等，或共同出现，如factory与manager，worker 等用在一个语义场中。只有词汇的相对集中，才能保证语篇的主题和语义场(semantic field)的统一（胡壮麟，2001）。因此，这里所说的词汇包括许多词汇学中的词项，不仅是单词（words），它们不受形式变化的制约，如单复数 (ert/eter)es，时体(work / worked)和词等等。这些词在形式上略有不同，基本词义不变，故具有语篇 衔接力。其他的还包括有同义、反义、上下义 (如classroom是blackboard的上义词， 即blackboard是classroom的下义词)互补来使语篇达到语义上的连贯。韩礼德和哈桑(1976)把英语词汇衔接关系分为词的复现和词的同现关系(collocation)( Halliday & Hasan, 1976)。 1.1词汇的复现关系 词的复现指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词(near-synonym)、上义词、下义词(hyponym)、概括词(general word)或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这 种复现关系达到了相互衔接，意义统一完整。词汇的复现关系可分为四种(胡壮麟，1994): 原词复现: 通过原词在语篇中的复现，我们能够直接抓住语篇中所要讲的中心意思。阅读中通过词汇复现来达到衔接与连贯，进而突出主题。 同义词、近义词复现: 同义和近义指具有同样意义或相近意义的不同词项之间的接应关系，不管这个词的意义是指人、物、过程或性质。如:近义词的复现能够帮助我们理解 它们所谈论的，所指的是同一种事物，从而达到结构上的衔接和意义上的连贯。 上下义词:上义词是指那些具有概括意义的词汇，这些词汇涵容着许多表示具体指向 的下义词。我们可以利用这些下义词来回答就此类关系提出的阅读理解题。了解这种上下义关系，有助于我们理解句中的含义。 概括词复现:概括词是指那些词义宽泛具有总括意义的词汇，如:people，place，thing，之类的词语在语篇中都可以和具体的地名，物名，动物名等相互呼应使用。这种 衔接手段即概括词复现关系（黄国文，1988）。 需要注意的是，词汇的复现，特别是原词复现关系，无论是对已经出现的事物或话题进行重述，还是提供某种新的信息，都能对语篇的前后衔接发挥不可忽视的功能。有时，正是由于这些手段的使用，段落或语篇才有可能成为一个意义完整、上下连贯的整体。这
英语专业四级词汇表(全)
pacific a.和平的n.太平洋pack vt.捆扎；挤满n.包package n.包裹，包，捆packet n.小包(裹)，小捆 pad n.垫；本子vt.填塞 page n.页 pail n.桶，提桶 pain n.痛，痛苦悲伤；辛劳painful a.使痛的；费力的paint vt.画；油漆vi.绘画painter n.漆工，画家，绘画者painting n.油画；绘画；着色pair n.一对vi.成对，配对palace n.宫，宫殿 pale a.苍白的；浅的 palm n.手掌，手心；掌状物pan n.平底锅，盘子 panda n.小猫熊；猫熊 pane n.窗格玻璃 panel n.专门小组；面，板pant n.气喘；心跳 paper n.纸；官方文件；文章
parade n.游行；检阅vi.游行paradise n.伊甸乐园；天堂paragraph n.(文章的)段，节parallel a.平行的；相同的parcel n.包裹，小包，邮包pardon n.原谅；赦免vt.原谅parent n.父亲，母亲，双亲 park n.公园；停车场 parliament n.议会，国会 part n.一部分；零件；本份partial a.部分的；不公平的partially ad.部分地 participate vi.参与，参加；分享particle n.粒子，微粒 particular a.特殊的；特定的particularly ad.特别，尤其，格外partly ad.部分地，不完全地partner n.伙伴；搭挡；配偶party n.党，党派；聚会 pass vt.经过；通过；度过passage n.通过；通路，通道passenger n.乘客，旅客，过路人
一般功能性词汇
一般功能性词汇 1. 因果关系 导致，产生give rise to,lead to, result in, be responsible for, prompt 解析：give rise to, lead to, result in 表示一般性的“导致、产生、造成”；be responsible for 不仅表示“为…负责”，也可以表示“产生”（being a source or cause），但多指“产生某种负面后果和不利局面”；prompt 表示“激发”（To move to act; spur; incite），有“快速产生”之意。 Fast-paced modern life is responsible for the consumption of junk food. The bishop's speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties. Sharon Stone’s remarks about China’s Sichuan earthquake prompted angry responses from the Chinese public. 产生于result from, originate in (from) 解析：result from 表示“产生于”；originate in (from)表示“发源自” 例句：Youtiao originated in China. 归因于attribute ...to, blame..on, be the culprit of 解析：attribute A to B 表示“将A 归因于B”；blame A on B，表示“将A（负 面的）归咎于B”；culprit 本意表示“罪犯”(one charged with a crime or an offense)，比喻义表示“造成某种负面后果的原因”（the reason for a particular problem or difficulty） 例句：Children today are getting increasingly overweight. Experts believe that excessive consumption is the main culprit. 使某人做某事prompt sb to do sth, motivate sb to do sth 解析：prompt 指“令某人做出某种具体行动的原因，强调快速激发”；motivate 一般功能性词汇 2 指“成为某人的做某事的动机” Many great businessmen are motivated not but the desire for money. 原因cause, reason 解析：cause 指“造成某事客观原因”，reason 指“用来解释的理由”。Reason 并不一定就是cause.跟cause 有关的几种常用搭配： 真实原因real cause, 根本原因root cause, underlying cause 主要原因major cause, primary cause 可能的原因likely cause, possible cause contributory cause 例句：The reason he gave for his poor academic performances is that he had recently went through a emotional meltdown. But I know that is not the real cause. Unhealthy eating habits have many other contributory causes. 2. 事物数量 几个several, a number of, a couple of 解析：several 略显非正式；A number of 是正式表达。 A couple of days
关于衔接与连贯的研究综述
衔接与连贯的研究综述 摘要：衔接与连贯及其关系问题是语篇分析的重要课题。在过去的几十年中，语言学界在如何看待衔接与连贯的关系这一问题上提出了许多不同的观点。本文简要回顾了衔接与连贯的研究历程，概述了衔接与连贯的定义和区分，归纳了语言学家在衔接与连贯的关系这一问题上的不同观点，最后提出了研究存在的问题和发展趋势。 关键词：衔接；连贯；关系；发展趋势 The Literature Review of Cohesion and Coherence Abstract: The relationship between cohesion and coherence is one of the major concerns of discourse analysis. Many linguists have thus far made considerable investigations into this area of study from varied perspectives. This paper firstly attempts a systematic discussion of the different views concerning the relationship between cohesion and coherence, then sets out to illustrate the author s views on how to interpret the relationship between these two concepts, and puts out the problems and development trends of this aspect at last. Key words: cohesion, coherence, relationship, development trends
英语词汇分类大全
荎逄棵颯煦濬湮 .txt32秪峈乾陑ㄛ霜檢腔 蠅符夔笭殿模埶˙秪峈乾陑ㄛ 措腔鍾骯符夔魂薯 場﹝褡咡乾陑ㄛ 肮陎嫖褡咡捨森閩茬˙褡咡乾陑ㄛ 肮岍槨眳貉褡咡蚗堈掩釭狟 ﹝荎逄棵颯煦濬湮 窊妘荎逄棵颯 絃撿: coffee pot 縉溜綿﹛﹛ coffee cup 縉溜戚﹛﹛ paper towel 祧踫﹛﹛ napkin 絃踫﹛ table cloth 袤票﹛﹛ tea每pot 脰綿﹛﹛ tea set 脰撿﹛﹛ tea tray 脰攫﹛﹛ caddy 脰嫡﹛﹛ dish 詠﹛﹛ plate 攫﹛﹛ saucer 苤詠赽﹛﹛ rice bowl 溯俖﹛﹛ chopsticks 輳赽﹛﹛ soup spoon 抸啻﹛﹛ knife 絃絮﹛﹛ cup 戚赽﹛﹛ glass 產薛戚﹛﹛ mug 鎮親戚﹛﹛ picnic lunch 晞絞﹛﹛ fruit plate 阨彆攫﹛﹛ toothpick 挴 笢絃:﹛﹛ bear"s paw 倱梪﹛﹛ breast of deer 繒葫﹛﹛ beche-de-mer; sea cucumber 漆統﹛﹛ sea sturgeon 漆鱄﹛﹛ salted jelly fish 漆藯 ﹛﹛ kelp, seaweed 漆湍﹛﹛ abalone 惚赶﹛﹛ shark fin 赶喔﹛﹛ scallops 補探﹛﹛ lobster 韓牬﹛﹛ bird"s nest 桏恮﹛﹛ roast suckling pig 蕉 紿﹛﹛
pig"s knuckle 紿褐﹛﹛ boiled salted duck 敆阨捊﹛﹛preserved meat 幫 ﹛﹛ barbecued pork 脫尥﹛﹛ sausage 眅釵﹛﹛ fried pork flakes 侂﹛﹛ BAR-B-Q 蕪 ﹛﹛ meat diet 餌粕﹛﹛ vegetables 匼粕﹛﹛ meat broth 輊﹛﹛ local dish 華源粕﹛﹛ Cantonese cuisine 嫘陲粕﹛﹛ set meal 諦溯﹛﹛ curry rice 縉酮溯﹛﹛ fried rice 陷溯﹛﹛ plain rice 啞溯﹛﹛ crispy rice 廓匙﹛﹛ gruel, soft rice, porridge 粖﹛﹛noodles with gravy 湖簣醱﹛﹛plain noodle 栠景醱﹛﹛ casserole 仱廓﹛﹛ chafing dish, fire pot 鳶廓﹛﹛meat bun 婦赽﹛﹛ shao-mai 尥闔﹛﹛ preserved bean curd 葛 ﹛﹛ bean curd 飪葛﹛﹛ fermented blank bean 飪鐒﹛﹛pickled cucumbers 蓬圖﹛﹛ preserved egg 粥﹛﹛ salted duck egg 玶捊粥﹛﹛ dried turnip 蹤眺補 昹絃迵 掛蹋燴:﹛ menu 粕等﹛﹛ French cuisine 楊弊粕﹛﹛today"s special 踏 杻絃﹛﹛
英语词汇表a-z
a(an) art. (非特指的)一(个)；任何一个；每一(个) A.D. n.公元 A.M. ad.上午，午前 abandon v.放弃；抛弃，离弃 abdomen n.腹；腹部 abide v.(by)坚持；遵守；容忍 ability n.能力，智能；才能，才干；技能 able a.能够，有能力的 abolish v.废除，取消 about prep.关于；在…周围；在…各处ad.大约 above prep.在…上方；(数量，价格等)大于… abroad ad.出国，在国外 abrupt a.突然的，意外的；陡峭的，险峻的；(举止，言谈等) 不流畅的absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏 absent a.(from) 缺席的，不在场的；漫不经心的 absolute a.绝对的；完全的；专制的 absorb 吸收；吸引，使专心 abstract a.抽象的；深奥的n.摘要；抽象v.摘要；转移 absurd a.愚蠢的；荒唐的 abundant a.丰富的；充足的 abuse v.& n.滥用；谩骂 academic a.学院的；学术的，教学的
accelerate v.加速；促进 accent n.腔调，口音；重音(符号) accept v.认可，接受 access n.接近，进入；入口，通路；接近(或进入) 的方法accident n.事故 accidental a.偶然的，意外的 accommodate v.留宿，收容；供应，供给；容纳accommodations (-s) accompany v.陪伴，陪同 accomplish v.完成，实现 according (to) account n.帐户 accumulate v.积累，积蓄；堆积 accurate a.精确的，准确的 accuse v.(of) 控告，谴责 accustom v.(to) 使习惯 ache v.痛；哀怜n.疼痛，酸痛 achieve v.完成，达到；获得 acid n.酸a.酸的；酸性的 acquaint v.(sb.with) 使认识，使了解 acquaintance n.熟人；相识；熟悉 acquire v.取得，获得；学到
功能翻译术语
功能翻译术语 Acceptibility 可接受性 Adaptation 改编；编译 Adequacy 在功能翻译理论中，“合适”(德语：Adaquatheit)用以形容译本对翻译纲要所规定的交际目的而言的合适性。它是与翻译行为过程有关的动 态概念。 Adjustment 调整 Agent 经纪人 Appeal-focused Texts 感染型文本(德文Appellbetonte Texte) Appellative Function 感染性功能(德语为Appellfunktion)：使用言语或非言语交际符号，以使接受者作出一定的答复或反应。也称为“使役功能”或“意动功能”。可进一步分为：说明、劝诱、命令、教学、广告等功能。 感染功能的效果取决于接受者的敏感性、应激性、经验视野和知识水平。Appellative Texts 感染型文本 Assignment 任务：委托给译者的职责，包括工作条件(时间、薪酬等)、原文和(更理想的情况是包括)翻译纲要。 Audio-medial Texts 听觉媒介文本(德文Audio-mediale TextP) Brief 纲要：用于定义翻译行为所服务的交际目的。理想的翻译纲要明示或暗示以下信息：译文的预期功能、读者、传播媒介、出版时间和地点，必要的话，还包括创作译文或出版译文的动机。 Coherence 连贯(德文Koharenz) Commission 委托(德文Auftrag) Communication Load 传意负荷(又名Information Load[信息负荷]) Communicative Translation 交际翻译 Compensation 补偿 Contextual Consistency 语境一致[性] Conventions 常规：为人们所默认但不具强制约束力的行为规范，基于常识或建立在“期待”之上，即人们对特定场合中对于应该如何做的“期待”。 常规见于：常见文本类型或语篇体裁、一般的文体常规、习惯度量法、翻译传统等。 Correspondence 对应 Covert Translation 隐型翻译 Cultural Approach 文化途径 Cultural Borrowing 文化借用 Cultural Translation 文化翻译 Cultural Transplantation 文化移植 Cultural Transposition 文化移位 Culture Specificity 文化专属性：翻译时比较的两种文化中，文化专属现象(其形式或职能)只在于其一。但文化专属现象并非只限于一种特定文化之中。Cultureme 文化素：A文化中被本族成员认为有意义的一种社会现象。较之与B文化中对应的社会现象，即可发现其为A文化所专属。 Decision-making，Translation as 翻译即抉择 Documentary Translation 纪实性翻译：翻译类型的一种，旨在以译语重建源语
4A广告公司的普通英语词汇知识
4A广告公司常用英语词汇 A above-the-line advertising 线上广告 广告代理商能从媒介获得佣金（代理费）的广告，如报刊广告、广播广告、电视广告、影院广告、户外广告等。 account executive (AE) ：客户经理 广告公司的业务人员职称。客户经理往往须负责下列工作：1，与客户及内部其他部门共同计划广告（planning）,向各部门传达客户的诉求；2，内部协调（coordination）；3，将广告设计稿提供给客户；4，监督执行政府的有关广告规章和法规（regulatory matters）；5，利润管理（agency profit management）。客户经理通过计划和协调公司的服务部门，为客户提供更好的服务。 account service 客户服务 客户服务是广告代理商的中心工作，肩负着使客户满意从而建立起长期的合作关系，及推动广告代理商内部工作有效运转的任务。它是广告代理商直接同客户进行沟通、交流的一种功能。 advertising agency 广告代理商 习惯上称为“广告公司”，即《中华人民共和国广告法》中所称的广告经营者，一般设有许多职能和业务部门。 advertising campaign 广告活动 有时称为“运动”或“战役”。广告活动包括以下四个重点：制作适当的销售信息、及时传达给受众、选择适当的时机，用合理的成本。广告主制定一项能测定的目标后，为达到这一目标制定广告战略，然后在市场上执行，包括：广告计划、广告制作、销售及营销等。 advertising department 广告部 分为企业的广告部和媒介的广告部。企业的广告经理负责拟定、审核及实施企业的广告计划。一般也是负责有关广告的具体工作。媒介的广告部经理负责出售报刊等的版面，广播、电视的时间等。 airport advertising 机场广告 利用机场的候机室及在机场内其他各种场地和设备上制作刊出的广告，也包括在指示牌上制作的广告。 Appeal 诉求 广告通过媒介向目标受众诉说，以求达到所期望的反应。诉求是制定某种道德、动机、认同，或是说服受众应该去做某件事的理由。诉求分三类：理性的、感性的和道义的。诉求所用语句应具有强烈的感染力。