Materials Letters 65 (2011) 1060–1062

Preparation of UV-?lter encapsulated mesoporous silica with high sunscreen ability

Y.W.Chen-Yang a ,?,Y.T.Chen a ,C.C.Li a ,b ,H.C.Yu a ,Y.C.Chuang a ,J.H.Su a ,Y.T.Lin b

a Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology,Chung Yuan Christian University,200Chung-Pei Road,Chung-Li 32023,Taiwan,ROC b

Department of Cosmetic Science,Vanung University,1Van-Nung Road,Chung-Li,Taoyuan County 32061,Taiwan,ROC

a b s t r a c t

a r t i c l e i n f o Article history:

Received 23June 2010

Accepted 20December 2010Available online 5January 2011Keywords:

Mesoporous silica Ionic liquid

Sol –gel polymerization Sunscreen Encapsulation

In this study,a UV-?lter encapsulated in a mesoporous silica,MCX-MS,was prepared by the in-situ sol –gel polymerization of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)with an ionic liquid (IL)as solvent and pore-forming agent and octal methoxycinnamate (MCX)as an additive.MCX-MS was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR)spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The result of the thermogravi-metric analysis (TGA)showed that the amount of MCX encapsulated in MS was about 65wt.%of https://www.sodocs.net/doc/37767280.html,paring with that of the free MCX,the SPF value of the MCX-MS-containing sunscreen cream increased by about 57%,indicating signi ?cant enhancement of the UV protection ability of MCX by encapsulation in the mesoporous silica matrix.Furthermore,because the average particle size of MCX-MS emulsion droplets was big enough,damage by penetration through the skin is expected to be prevented.

?2011Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

1.Introduction

Exposure to UV radiation from the sun is associated with several harmful effects on human skin [1,2].Several organic compounds have been used as UV-?lters,which absorb UV radiation,especially UVB,to reduce the dose of solar radiation that reaches the skin [3,4].Unfortunately,they may cause safety problems as they contact human skin directly in high concentrations [5].Octal methoxycinna-mate (MCX)is a commercially available and the most commonly used UV-?lter in the sunscreen industry.However,some studies have reported that MCX displays signi ?cant dose dependent estrogenic activity on MCF-7breast cancer cells [6,7]and is degraded under light [8,9].In an attempt to improve these shortcomings,the incorporation of organic materials in the nanospaces of the inorganic materials through the emulsi ?cation –diffusion method has been presented [5,10].In addition to inorganic UV-?lters such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide,which are used as physical UV-?lter to block both UVB and UVA radiation and to suppress the cytotoxic and genotoxic problems titanium dioxide is often coated with silicones,fatty acids or metal oxides [1,11].However,as we understand,few studies that use mesoporous silica as protective materials for UV-?lters have been reported.

In this study,MCX-encapsulated mesoporous silica (MCX-MS)was prepared by the in-situ sol –gel polymerization of tetraethyl orthosi-licate (TEOS)with an ionic liquid (IL)as solvent and pore-forming agent,which can be removed by extraction while preserving the mesopores and recycled,and in-situ octal methoxycinnamate (MCX).

The as-prepared MCX-MS was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy,TGA and TEM measurements.The effect of encapsulation in the mesoporous SiO 2network structure on the performance of MCX as a sunscreen was evaluated by the UV-visible absorptions of MCX-MS and the SPF values of the MCX-MS-containing sunscreen creams.2.Experiment 2.1.Materials

The precursors,tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS),methanol,ethanol,1-chlorobutane,acetonitrile,sodium tetra ?uoroborate and 1-methy-limidazol were purchased from Acros Company.Propylene glycol (PG),1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG),corbopol 940,disodium EDTA,cyclopentasiloxane (KF995),glyceryl stearate&PEG-100stearate (Arlcel165),glyceryl monostearate (GMS),cetearyl alcohol and tri-ethanolamine (TEA)were purchased from Top-Thyme.In addition,Cetyl octanoat,Phenonip-XP and Octyl methoxycinnamate (MCX)was purchased from Kosfarm Corporation,Eugeni Company and Essence Plus Company,respectively.The commercial nonporous silica,D-SiO 2was purchased from Degussa Company.All the reagents were used as received.

2.2.Preparation of MCX-encapsulated mesoporous silica (MCX-MS)and MCX-adsorbed mesoporous silica (MCX-MSA)

The MS [12]and MCX-MS were prepared by the in-situ sol –gel process using 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetra ?uoroborate (BMIBF),an ionic liquid (IL),as the pore-forming agent and solvent and MCX as an additive.For the optimized run,in which the MCX-MS encapsulated a high amount of MCX and could easily mix with the

Materials Letters 65(2011)1060–1062

?Corresponding author.Tel.:+88632653317;fax:+88632653399.E-mail address:yuiwhei@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/37767280.html,.tw (Y.W.

Chen-Yang).0167-577X/$–see front matter ?2011Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.doi:

10.1016/j.matlet.2010.12.034

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Materials Letters

j ou r n a l h o m e pa ge :ww w.e l s e v i e r.c o m/l o c a t e /m a t l e t

other components of the sunscreen cream,5.8g of TEOS,2.9g of MCX, 1.9g of methanol,16.7g of BMIBF and3.4g of water were mixed in a bottle.The monolithic gel,MCX-MS-IL,was formed by gelating at room temperature within3h after mixing and cured at ambient temperature for5days in the open air.Then the entrapped ionic liquid was Soxhlet-extracted with water for4days and the product,MCX-MS,was dried through freeze-drying.For comparison,the MCX-adsorbed mesoporous silica(MCX-MSA)was prepared as follows.The MS was added in the same amount of the MCX methanol solution as above and stirred for1day at room temperature.MCX-MSA was then obtained by?ltration,washing with methanol and freeze-drying.

2.3.Preparation of sunscreen creams

The sunscreen creams were formed by the oil-in-water emulsion method with the following components:

1.PG(4%),1,3-BG(4%),carbopol940(0.16%),disodium EDTA(0.2%)

2.deionized water q.b.a.100g

3.KF995(10%),Cetyl octanoate(10%),Arlcel165(2.5%),GMS(1.5%),

cetearyl alcohol(1.5%),MS(4%)or MCX(4%)or MCX-MS(4%)and 4.TEA(0.1%),Phenonip-XP(0.5%).

The sunscreen cream containing MS,MCX,and MCX-MS is abbreviated as MS-E,MCX-E,and MCX-MS-E,respectively.

3.Instruments

The FTIR spectra were obtained using a JASCO FTIR-4200 spectrometer with KBr pellets for solid specimens.The TGA was implemented with a Seiko TG/DTA220.The samples were heated at the rate of10°C/min under a nitrogen?ow from30to200°C and heated at the rate of5°C/min under a nitrogen?ow from200to 600°C for the TGA measurement.The morphologies of the silica powders were measured using TEM(JEOL TEM-2010).The average size of emulsion droplets in MCX-MS-E was measured by Microtrac S3000.The in vitro SPF was measured according to the method reported[13]with a SPF-290S computer operated analyzer system (Optometrics Corp,USA).

4.Results and discussion

Fig.1shows the FTIR spectra of IL,MS-IL,MS,MCX,MCX-MS-IL,and MCX-MS.The characteristic bands of the ionic liquid,1571cm?1for–C N and3148cm?1for–CH,observed in Fig.1(a),are also found in Fig.1(b).However,they disappeared as shown in Fig.1(c),indicating that almost all of the ionic liquid was removed by the extraction process.In Fig.1(d)the characteristic bands of MCX are observed at 1710cm?1for C O,1600,1580and1500cm?1for C C of the benzene, 1462cm?1for–CH2,and1200cm?1for C–O of the phenol.As expected,these characteristic peaks of MCX,that of the IL and that of MS,3700–3200cm?1for the`Si–OH vibration,1088cm?1for the Si–O–Si asymmetrical stretching vibration and1000–1200,780–820and 430–460cm?1for the`Si–O–Si`strain vibrations,are all observed without shift in Fig.1(e).After the extraction process,the characteristic peaks of the IL disappeared as shown in Fig.1(f),indicating that the IL was successfully removed.The results con?rm that MCX was successfully encapsulated in the mesoporous silica network without chemical bonding with the silica network.Besides,the similar solid state29Si NMR spectra of MS and MCX-MS(not shown)also support the result.

Fig.2shows the TGA thermograms of IL,MCX,MCX-MS and MCX-MSA.As shown in Fig.2(a)and(b),the decomposition of IL and MCX occurred at about350°C and400°C,and at about250°C,respectively. Fig.2(c)shows the weight loss of MCX in MCX-MS at about300°C, suggesting that the encapsulated MCX in MS was thermally more stable than the free MCX.This is attributed to the protection by the silica network structure.The thermogram also reveals that a large amount of MCX(about65wt.%)was encapsulated in MCX-MS.This is ascribed to that the MCX molecules might be anchored on the network of MS during the in-situ sol–gel polymerization due to its long carbon chain.On the other hand,Fig.2(d)reveals that about 40wt.%of MCX was adsorbed in MCX-MSA,which was about1/3 lesser than that in MCX-MS.The result indicates that the encapsula-tion method is a better way to include MCX in the mesoporous silica than the direct absorption method.

The TEM images of MS and MCX-MS(not shown)exhibit the disordered and interconnected mesopores in both the SiO2networks, con?rming that both MS and MCX-MS had the mesoporous structure. Besides,it also shows that the pore volume of MCX-MS was signi?cantly less than that of MS due to the presence of MCX.

Fig.3shows the UV–VIS absorption spectra of the silica samples.As can be seen,the UV absorption ability of MS is higher than that of nonporous D-SiO2and is ascribed to the light re?ecting and scattering in the mesopores of MS.As expected,the UV absorption ability of MCX-MS was signi?cantly increased between290and400nm due to the presence of MCX,con?rming that signi?cant amount of the MCX molecules was encapsulated in the mesoporous silica matrix.In other words,the UV absorption ability of the MCX-MSA was lower than that of MCX-MS,supporting that less MCX was contained in MCX-MSA than in MCX-MS.

Although MCX is a major UV?lter used in sunscreen application [14],it is known to be absorbed through the human skin.Therefore, MCX is usually used with other ingredients to reduce the potential damage of the skin.Nevertheless,according to Schaefer et al.'s report, as the MCX particle was larger than10μm the penetration through the skin surface could be prevented[15].Since the average

diameter Fig.1.FT-IR spectra of(a)IL,(b)MS-IL,(c)MS,(d)MCX,(e)MCX-MS-IL and(f)

MCX-MS.Fig.2.TGA thermograms of(a)IL,(b)MCX,(c)MCX-MS and(d)MCX-MSA.

1061

Y.W.Chen-Yang et al./Materials Letters65(2011)1060–1062

of emulsion droplets in MCX-MS-E measured was about 13.0μm with a large distribution of 1–100μm,which is similar to the result repor-ted [16],it is anticipated that penetration through the skin could be prevented,suppressing the harmfulness of the MCX molecules to the underlying tissues.

In addition,the in-vitro SPF values of the sunscreen creams,MS-E,MCX-E,MCX-MS-E,which were formulated with MS,MCX,MCX-MS,separately,were measured.The SPF of MS-E was about 1.1,indicating that MS also exhibited slight sunscreen ability due to its mesoporous structure.This is consistent with the UV absorption shown above.Besides,much higher SPF values of MCX-MS-E (12.6)than that of MCX-E (8.0)indicates a synergistic enhancement in the UV protection ability for MCX-MS-E.This is attributed to the combination of the sunscreen abilities of MCX and MS as well as to the good dispersion of MCX-MS in the sunscreen cream.Accordingly,the MCX encapsulated into the mesoporous silica matrix exhibited about 57%higher UV protection ability than the free MCX.

5.Conclusion

In this study,we successfully encapsulated approximately 65wt.%of MCX in the mesoporous silica by sol –gel polymerization method.The SPF value of the MCX-MS-containing sunscreen emulsion cream,MCX-MS-E,was about 57%higher than that of the MCX-containing sunscreen emulsion cream,MCX-E,revealing that MCX-MS-E had much higher UV protection than MCX-E for the skin.The average diameter of emulsion droplets in MCX-MS-E could prevent the possibility of penetration through the human skin,suppressing damage to the underlying tissue.Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of R.O.C.(grant NSC 97-2622-E-238-009-CC3)and the Chung Yuan Christian University,Taiwan,R.O.C.(grant CYCU-98-CR-CH)for the ?nancial support to this research.

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Fig.3.UV visible spectra of (a)D-SiO 2,(b)MS,(c)MCX-MS and (d)MCX-MSA.

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