语言学专业英语术语总表(chinese-english)龚
Chinese by Jerry Norman
龚群虎
Page number, Chinese, English
1 0
2 共时synchronic
3 历时diachronic
4
linguist
语言学家
5 汉语研究Chinese studies
6 调号tone mark
7 1-1
8 甲骨文oracle bone
inscription/script
9 古汉语Classical Chinese
10 中古汉语Middle Chinese
11 早期白话Early Vernacular Chinese
12 上海方言Shanghai dialect
13 书面语言written language
14 口头语言spoken language
15 文化连续性cultural continuity
16 汉语方言Chinese dialects
17 北京话Peking dialect
18 广州话Cantonese
19 文言文Literary Chinese
20 方言学家dialectologist
21 金文bronze inscription/script
22 孔子Confucius
23 孟子Mencius
24 方言描写dialect description
25 高本汉（人名）Bernhard Karlgren
26 中古汉语（高本汉）Ancient Chinese
27 赵元任（人名）Yuen Ren Chao
28 吴语Wu dialects
29 方言调查dialect survey/fieldwork
30 共通语koine
31 现代汉语Modern Chinese
32 方言dialect
33 1-2
34 （汉语）周边语言neighboring languages
35 阿尔泰语系Altaic language family
36 突厥语言Turkic languages
37 蒙古语言Mongolian languages
38 通古斯语言Tungusic languages
39 日语Japanese
40 朝鲜语Korean
41 无声调语言atonal/non-tonal language
42 多音节语言polysyllabic language
43 类型学（的）typological
44 后缀suffix
45 元音和谐现象vowel harmony
46 语序（词序）word order
47 主语subject
48 宾语object
49 藏缅语言Tibeto-Burman languages
50 马提索夫（人名）James Matisoff
51 苗瑶语言Miao-Yao languages
52 亲属关系genetic relationship
53 张琨（人名）Kun Chang
54 唐纳（人名）G.B.Downer
55 奥德里古（人名）Haudricourt
56 台语Tai languages
57 李方桂（人名）Fang Kuei Li
58 《比较台语手册》 A Handbook of Comparative
Tai
59 侗水语言Kam-Sui languages
60 白保罗（人名）Paul K. Benedict
61 “泰-卡岱”语言Tai-Kadai languages
62 南亚语系Austroasiatic language
family
63 孟高棉语言Mon-Khmer languages
64 南岛语系Austronesian language
family
65 1-3
66 类型特征typological
features/characteristics 67 语音对应phonological
correspondence
68 音系的phonological
69 形态的morphological
70 句法的syntactic
71 有调语言tonal language
72 单音节的monosyllabic
73 语素morpheme
74 固定音高模式fixed pitch pattern
75 平调level tone
76 升降调(轮廓调) contour tone
77 音位的phoneme/phonemic
78 元音音段vocalic segment
79 辅音音段consonantal segment
80 四声the four tones
81 高平调high level
82 高升调high rising
83 低降调low falling
84 低降升调low falling-rising
85 缅彝语言Lolo-Burmese languages
86 语系language family
87 浊（带音）voicing
88 音节首音syllable onset
89 送气aspiration
90 喉音化glottalization
91 复辅音consonant/consonantal
cluster
92 复辅音的简化和消失simplification and loss of
consonantal clusters
93 语言接触language contact
94 孤立语isolating language
95 分析语analytic language
96 语法关系grammatical relationship
97 词缀affix
98 准词缀quasi-affix
99 量词measure
100 数词numeral
101 限定词determinative
102 历史演变historical development
103 语言类型分类typological classification
of languages
104 越芒语言Viet-Muong languages
105 句法特点syntactic feature
106 修饰词modifier
107 东亚语言East Asian languages
108 泰语（暹罗语）Thai(Siamese)
109 越南语Vietnamese
110 高棉语Khmer
111 藏文Written Tibetan
112 马来语Malay
113 满语Manchu
114 维吾尔语Uygur
115 1-4
116 发生学的（亲属的）genealogical
117 构拟reconstruction
118 转写transcription
119 同源词cognates
120 语义的semantic
121 汉藏语Sino-Tibetan languages
122 确定同源词identification of cognates 123 语音对应规则rule of phonological
correspondence
124 同源词集cognate set
125 上古汉语Old Chinese(OC)
126 汉语上古音Old Chinese phonology
127 中古汉语Middle Chinese(MC)
128 韵书rhyme dictionary/book
129 上古音构拟reconstruction of Old
Chinese Phonology
130 《汉藏语概论》（白保罗）Sino-Tibetan: a conspectus 131 汉学家sinologist
132 谱系树family tree
133 比较语言学comparative linguistics
134 汉藏语言学Sino-Tibetan linguistics 135 1-5
136 非汉（人、语）non-Han
137 不操汉语的non-Chinese-speaking
138 （音译）借词loanword
139 词源（学）etymology
140 注疏家commentator
141 原始苗瑶语proto-Miao-Yao
142 原始台语proto-Tai
143 北京土语Peking vernacular
144 第一人称first person
145 复数plural
146 排除式exclusive form
147 包括式inclusive form
148 仿译词calque
149 复合词compound
150 希腊语Greek
151 拉丁语Latin
152 术语terminology
153 造（新词）coin/coinage
154 汉语音韵史History of Chinese
phonology
155 （汉字）字形graph
156 （汉字）读音pronunciation
157 汉语的域外“方言”foreign 'dialects' of
Chinese
158 欧洲语言European languages
159 汉语词根Chinese roots
160 原始汉语proto-Chinese
161 拼写法（正字法）orthography
162 2-1
163 汉语的分期periodicization of Chinese 164 2-2
165 原始汉语Proto-Chinese
166 上古汉语Old Chinese
167 中古汉语Middle Chinese
168 早期官话Early Mandarin
169 韵图rhyme table
170 押韵rhyming
171 四声the four tones/tone
categories
172 平声level tone
173 上声rising tone
174 去声departing tone
175 入声entering tone
176 辅音韵尾consonantal ending
177 元音韵尾(后滑音) offglide
178 音节syllable
179 双声alliteration
180 押韵rhyme
181 同音homophonous
182 音段(sound)segment
183 语音的phonetic
184 音系（音韵）的phonological
185 韵rhyme
186 韵目rhyme heading
187 声母initial
188 韵母final
189 介音medial
190 主元音main vowel
191 韵尾ending
192 反切上字fanqie upper character
193 音值phonetic value
194 2-3
195 蒲立本（人名）Edwin G. Pulleyblank
196 清音voiceless
197 浊音voiced
198 塞音stop
199 塞擦音affricate
200 擦音fricative
201 响音resonant/sonorant
202 鼻音nasal
203 边音lateral
204 半元音semi-vowel
205 发音部位place of articulation
206 唇音labial
207 双唇音bilabial
208 唇齿音labiodental
209 卷舌音retroflex
210 舌根音velar
211 齿音dental
212 咝音sibilant
213 喉塞音glottal stop
214 元音音位vocalic phoneme
215 开口open
216 合口closed
217 等grade/division(Karlgren) 218 2-4
219 汉语域外借词Sinoxenic
220 舌尖tip of tongue
221 送气aspirated
222 不送气unaspirated
223 文白异读colloquial vs. literary
forms
224 2-5
225 韵部rhyme group
226 开音节open syllable
227 闭音节close syllable
228 形旁signific
229 声旁phonetic
230 同声必同部charaters sharing the same
phonetic belong to the
same rhyme group
231 语文学家philologist
232 《汉文典》Grammata Serica
233 雅洪托夫（人名）Sergei Yakhontov
234 谐声系列phonetic series
235 辅音前缀consonantal prefix
236 鼻音nasal
237 流音liquid
238 圆唇舌根辅音labiovelar
239 腭化palatalization
240 央化centralization
241 前化fronting
242 央元音schwa
243 2-6
244 女真族Jurchen
245 八思巴字Phags-pa
246 龙果夫（人名）Dragunov
247 桥本万太郎（人名）Hashimoto Mandaro
248 2-7
249 舒声lax/non-abrupt tone
250 促声abrupt tone
251 调类tone categories
252 调值tone value
253 音位变体allophone
254 区别特征distinctive features
255 高低调register
256 马伯乐（人名）Henri Maspero
257 奥德里古（人名）André Haudricourt
258 基本词汇basic words
259 无调语言toneless language
260 外来词的汉语转写transcription of loanwords 261 无标记的unmarked
262 声调起源tonogenesis
263 3-1
264 汉字Chinese writing system，
Chinese character， Chinese
script
265 甲骨文oracle bone script
266 金文bronze script
267 语素文字morphemic script/writing
268 音节文字syllabic script/writing
269 字graph/character
270 象形字pictograph
271 近音字near-homophone
272 3-2
273 文字改革script reform
274 篆书seal script
275 隶书clerical script
276 3-3
277 古文字ancient script
278 大篆(籀文) great seal script
279 小篆small seal script
280 字书graphic dictionary
281 商代甲骨文Shang oracle bone script
282 周代金文Zhou bronze script
283 战国文字Warring States script
284 3-4
285 书法家calligrapher
286 笔划stroke
287 楷书standard script
288 草书cursive script
289 六书the six principles of writing
290 文(独体字) simple graph
291 字(合体字) composite graph
292 形声字phonetic compound，
phonogram
293 形旁signific/semantic
294 声旁 phonetic
295 假借字loan character， loangraph 296 部首radical， graphic classifier
297 字形graphic shape
298 3-5
299 章草regulated cursive script
300 今草modern cursive script
301 行书running script
302 3-6
303 方言词dialectal word
304 标准化standardization
305 十三经the thirteen Confucian classics 306 3-7
307 拼音文字alphabetic writing
308 拉丁字母Latin alphabet
309 西里尔字母Cyrillic alphabet
310 阿拉伯字母Arabic alphabet
311 词源学etymology
312 高频词high-frequency word
313 词根root
314 方言字dialectal character
315 音节字母syllabary
316 假名字母kana
317 谚文字母hangul
318 字喃chu nom
319 拉丁化书写体系Latinized writing system
320 繁体字traditional character/script
321 简化字simplified character/script
322 4-1
323 符号系统symbolic system
324 语法系统grammatical system
325 聚合类paradigmatic class
326 动宾结构verb-object construction
327 句法位置syntactic position
328 4-2
329 单语素的monomorphemic
330 派生构词法derivational morphology
331 能产的productive
332 双语素的bimorphemic
333 否定词negative
334 指示词demonstrative
335 祈使的imperative
336 代名词的pronominal
337 合音词fusion word
338 叠音词reduplicate
339 叠韵词rhyming semi-reduplicate 340 双声词alliterative semi-reduplicate 341 4-3
342 词类word class
343 句法功能syntactic function
344 词性part of speech
345 名词性的nominal
346 动词性的verbal
347 虚词empty word
348 实词full word
349 封闭(词)类closed class
350 开放(词)类open class
351 方位词localizer
352 时间词time word
353 单数形式singular form
354 复数形式plural form
355 第二人称second person
356 不定代词indefinite pronoun
357 疑问代词interrogative pronoun
358 及物性transitivity
359 使动用法causative usage
360 意动用法putative usage
361 被动语态passive voice
362 助动词auxiliary verb
363 从句clause
364 次范畴/次类subcategory
365 范围副词adverbs of scope
366 程度副词adverbs of degree
367 名物化nominalization
368 连词conjunction
369 叹词interjection
370 系词copula
371 4-4
372 名词(谓语)句nominal sentence
373 动词(谓语)句verbal sentence
374 附加成份adjunct
375 直接宾语direct object
376 间接宾语indirect object
377 存在句existential sentence
378 互补分布complementary distribution 379 并列结构parallel construction
380 4-5
381 否定negation
382 疑问interrogation
383 语气mood
384 语态voice
385 情态modality
386 是非问句yes/no question
387 疑问词question word
388 句末助词sentence-final particle
389 反义词antonym
390 发语词sentence-initial particle
391 情态助词modal auxiliary
392 反问rhetorical question
393 名物化的动词nominalized verb
394 反身结构reflexive construction
395 4-7
396 定语从句relative clause
397 4-8
398 主谓结构subject-predicate construction 399 4-10
400 新词语neologism
401 5-1
402 白话written vernacular
403 通俗文学popular literature
404 历史语法historical grammar
405 年代确定dating
406 5-2
407 双音节词disyllabic words
408 亲属称谓kinship terms
409 人名personal names
410 语义范畴semantic category
411 名词后缀noun/nominal suffix
412 小称后缀diminutive suffix
413 语义引申semantic extension
414 贬义pejorative sense
415 5-3
416 属格形式genitive form
417 宾格形式accusative form
418 数number
419 复数标记plural marker
420 谓词predicative
421 动词搭配verbal collocation
422 5-4
423 复合动词verbal compound， compound
verb
424 结果补语resultative complement
425 方向补语directional complement
426 及物动词transitive verb
427 体貌系统aspectual system
428 系动词copular verb
429 委婉表达circumlocution， euphemism 430 程度副词adverb of degree
431 形容词最高级superlative degree of adjectives 432 （语言）创新innovation
433 文学语言借用literary borrowing
434 使役动词causative verb
435 动词后位置postverbal position
436 5-5
437 语序的演变change in word order
438 工具(格)标记marker of instrumentality
439 派生derive， derivation
440 语序普遍现象word order universals
441 句法的历史演变historical syntactic change
442 格林伯格（人名）Joseph Greenberg
443 介词词组prepositional phrase
444 动词前位置preverbal position
445 类型性演变typological change
446 6-1官方语言official language
447 国语national language
448 通用语lingua franca
449 土语localism
450 6-2
451 语言政策language policy
452 多语的multilingual
453 多方言的multidialectal
454 单语的monolingual
455 6-3
456 北京音Peking pronunciation
457 音系描写phonological description 458 历史比较historical comparison
459 语言理论linguistic theories
460 唇音labial
461 齿龈音/舌尖中音alveolar
462 齿擦音/舌尖音dental sibilant
463 翘舌音/舌尖后音retroflex
464 硬腭音/舌面前音palatal
465 舌根音guttural
466 塞音stop
467 鼻音nasal
468 擦音fricative
469 通音continuant
470 送气aspirated
471 不送气unaspirated
472 浊voiced
473 音长length， duration
474 音强intensity
475 声门化glottality
476 6-3
477 弱辅音lenis
478 舌尖tip of the tongue
479 舌叶blade of the tongue
480 小舌uvula
481 元音音首vocalic onset
482 6-4
483 国际音标IPA
484 声学语音学acoustic phonetics
485 （元音描写）高high
486 （元音描写）前front
487 （元音描写）不圆唇unrounded
488 （元音描写）圆唇rounded
489 （元音描写）后back
490 （元音描写）中mid
491 央化centralization
492 央中元音schwa，shwa
493 儿化音rhotacization
494 6-6
495 变调tone sandhi
496 语素音位morphophoneme
497 6-7
498 语调intonation
499 重音stress
500 重音音位stress phoneme
501 轻声neutral tone， atonic tone，
weak tone
502 6-8
503 语素音位交替morphophonemic alternation 504 昵称terms of endearments
505 7-1
506 索绪尔(人名) de Saussure
507 叶斯柏森(人名) Otto Jespersen
508 布龙菲尔德(人名) Leonard Bloomfield
509 结构主义structuralism
510 参考语法reference grammar
511 转换生成语法transformational generative
grammar
512 7-2
513 三音节词trisyllabic words
514 名词后缀nominal suffix
515 序数前缀ordinal prefix
516 7-3
517 词界word boundary
518 非能产的unproductive
519 准前缀quasi-prefix
520 词根语素root morpheme
521 7-4
522 实体词content word
523 功能词function word
524 动词后缀verbal suffix
525 完成体perfect aspect
526 持续体durative aspect
527 性gender
528 连词conjunction
529 语气词particle
530 叹词interjection
531 象声词onomatopoeia
532 7-5
533 语法范畴grammatical category 534 有定的definite
535 无定的indefinite
536 从属subordination
537 修饰modification
538 格case
539 施事agent
540 非标记的unmarked
541 与格dative
542 离格ablative
543 未完成体imperfect aspect
544 状态动词stative verb
545 动作动词action verb
546 否定negation
547 7-6
548 简单句simple sentence
549 复合句composite sentence
550 话题topic
551 评述comment
552 体后缀aspectual suffix
553 动物性animate
554 非动物性inanimate
555 陈述declarative
556 疑问interrogative
557 祈使imperative
558 真值truth value
559 不合语法的ungrammatical
560 7-7
561 词典学lexicography
562 同音字homophonous characters 563 7-8
564 拉丁化romanization;latinization 565 8-0
566 方言变异dialectal variation
567 8-1
568 方言分区/分类dialect classification
569 同质的homogeneous
570 8-2
571 方言分歧/差异dialect diversity
572 8-3
573 历史语言学家historical linguist
574 底层语言substratum language
575 罗曼语族语言Romance languages
576 8-4
577 中央研究院史语所Institute of History and
Philology of the Academia
Sinica
578 方言学家dialectologist
579 方言地理dialect geography
580 方言特征dialectal features
581 8-5
582 方言边界/分界dialect boundary
583 方言地图dialect atlas
584 同化assimilate /assimilation
585 汉语方言学Chinese dialectology
586 8-6
587 少数民族语言minority languages
588 方言岛dialect island
589 清化devoice
590 自由变异free variation
591 普遍特征universal feature
592 尖音sharp sounds
593 团音round sounds
594 圆唇介音rounded medials
595 舌尖元音apical vowels
596 双元音diphthong
597 三元音triphthong
598 调值tonal value
599 代词系统pronominal system
600 等言线isogloss
601 非官话方言non-Mandarin dialects
602 8-7
603 音位对立phonemic contrast
604 8-8
605 气音murmur/ breathy voice
606 (音)强的fortis
607 单元音化monophthongization
608 高调/阴调upper register/tone
609 低调/阳调lower register/tone
610 词汇化lexification
611 混合语言/克里奥尔语言Creole language
612 8-10
613 官话化mandarinize/mandarinization 614 9-1
615 原住民语言aboriginal language
616 轻唇化/唇齿化labiodentalization
617 塞擦（化）affrication
618 区别特征distinctive feature
619 后世形式reflex
620 异质的heterogeneous
621 9-2
622 广州话方言字Cantonese characters
623 音节结构syllable structure
624 元音对立vocalic contrast
625 单元音化monophthongization
626 长元音long vowel
627 短元音short vowel
628 9-3
629 低调/阳调lower tone
630 高调/阴调upper tone
631 平行演变parallel development
632 9-4
633 古词语archaism
634 条件分化conditioned split
635 鼻音清化denasalization
636 半元音semivowel
637 自由变异free variation
638 条件变体conditioned variant
639 舌尖元音apical vowel
640 9-5
641 阴阳之分/高低调区别register distinction
642 10-1
643 同义homonymy
644 10-2
645 高低双语diglossia
646 双方言bidialectalism
647 双语bilinguialism
648 音系省减phonological reduction 649 后置词postposition
650 10-4
651 片假名katakana
652 10-5
653 （音标等）区分符号diacritics
654 汉字简化character simplification 655 信息检索information retrieval