英语四种基本句型讲解+经典习题(陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句)
考点一：陈述句
【经典习题】
1. Grandpa is reading a newspaper now. (改为否定句)
Grandpa a newspaper now.
2. Li Lin listens to English programmes on the radio. (改为否定句)
Li Lin to English programmes on the radio.
3. I think you will be a good teacher. (改为否定句)
I think you be a good teacher.
4. Tom has been to Disneyland in Hong Kong. (改为否定句)
Tom to Disneyland in Hong Kong.
【考点点拨】
陈述句用于陈述一个事实或表明一种看法，包括肯定结构和否定结构两种。在肯定结构中，谓语动词不含否定词；否定结构在be动词、助动词或情态动词后加not。除了not外，用其他否定词 (如：no, never, hardly, seldom, little, few, none等)也可以构成否定句。
考点二：疑问句
【经典习题】
1. Jenny often gets up at five past six. (改为一般疑问句)
Jenny often up at five past six?
2. That amusement park saw lots of tourists during the holiday. (对划线部分提问)
that amusement park see lots of tourists?
【考点点拨】
疑问句用于提出问题，包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
★一般疑问句通常用来询问一件事情是否属实，要求对方用Yes或No回答。
★特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开始的以询问信息为目的的疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时不能用Yes或No，而要根据实际情况回答。常用的特殊疑问词有：what, who, whose, which, when, where, how, why；疑问词组有how much, how many, how often, how long, what time等。
★选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。选择疑问句不能用Yes或No回答，而是让对方根据实际情况进行选择回答。
★反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分为陈述句，后一部分为简略的一般疑问句，通常遵循“前肯定、后否定或前否定、后肯定”的原则。如果陈述句中有hardly, nothing, never, little, few, nobody, neither等表示否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定形式。回答时，事实是肯定的用Yes，事实是否定的用No。
考点三：祈使句
【经典习题】
( ) 1. stand too close to North Americans. Give them more personal space.
A. Doesn’t
B. Aren’t
C. Can’t
D. Don’t
( ) 2. up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train.
A. To get
B. Get
C. Getting
D. Got
( ) 3. — Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
— Of course, I .
A. don’t
B. won’t
C. mustn’t
D. can’t
( ) 4. — Tom, your T-shirt right now! It looks so dirty.
— Sorry, Mum. I was playing basketball the whole afternoon.
A. puts off
B. putting off
C. to put off
D. put off
( ) 5. stay up too late. It’s bad for your health.
A. Don’t
B. Do
C. Not
D. Please not
【考点点拨】
祈使句用于表达命令、要求、请求、劝告或建议等。在祈使句中，通常省略第二人称主语you。肯定形式常用动词原形引起句子，其否定形式是在动词原形前加don’t。
★以let引起的句子也是祈使句的一种结构。例如：
Let me tell you the way to the cinema.
Let’s go swimming after school.
★为表示礼貌，在祈使句的句前或者句末加please。句末用please时，前面通常加逗号。考点四：感叹句
【经典习题】
( ) 1. brave boy! He saved his little sister during the earthquake.
A. What
B. How
C. What a
D. How a
( ) 2. — China’s first ice hotel opens in Inner Mongolia.
— Really? exciting news!
A. What an
B. What
C. How
D. How an
( ) 3. Look! beautiful flowers!
A. How
B. How a
C. What
D. What a
( ) 4. — interesting the movie Coco is! Have you seen it?
— Yes. I saw it last Sunday.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
( ) 5. — they are talking to each other!
— Yes. They are really happy to see each other again.
A. What excited
B. How excited
C. What excitedly
D. How excitedly
【考点点拨】
感叹句是用于表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、愤怒等感情的句子。一般由what或how引导，句末用感叹号。
★what引导的感叹句强调名词，其结构为：What ( + a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语）！如：
What a nice present it is!
What fine weather it is today!
What important jobs they have done!
★how引导的感叹句强调形容词或副词，其结构为：How + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 + 谓语）！如：
How surprised the students are!
How fast James runs!