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《英语教学法教程》期末考试讲稿

《英语教学法教程》期末考试讲稿
《英语教学法教程》期末考试讲稿

Unit 1 Language and language learning

1.2 views on language in the structural view, language is a system of structurally related elements which include phonological units, grammatical units, grammatical operations, lexical items to transmission of meaning. Therefore the target of language learning is to mastery these elements.

结构观把语言看做是结构上相关联的元素的系统,包括语音单位,语法单位,语法操作,词项。语言学习目标是掌握这些元素。

In the communicative/functional view, language is regards as a vehicle for express functional meaning. Although the grammatical characteristics are included, however, the semantic and communicative dimensions of language are more emphasized. In this view the target of language learning is to learn to express communication functions and categories of meaning.

交际

/

功能观,语言是表达功能性意义的载体。虽然语法特点依然包括在内,但更强调语言的语义和交际层面。因此语言学习目标是学习表达通讯功能和意义类别。The last one is the interactional view of language, it sees language is the means for establishing and maintaining relationship between people, and for performing social transactions between individuals. So the target of language learning is initiate and maintain conversations with others.

交际观,语言是建立和维持人与人关系,执行社交的方法。语言学习目标,发起并维持对话

1.3 views on language learning and learning in general

课本定义

1.4 elements contribute to qualities of a good language teacher 1.5 how can one become a good language teacher? Unit 2 Communicative principles and task-based language teaching

The ultimate goal of foreign language teaching is:

to enable the learners to use the foreign language in work or life. 2.2 communicative competence

定义谁给出

? (Hymes) Hedge

的解释

Linguistic competence

.

语言能力

是指理解语言本身,语言形式及其意义的能力。语言能力包含了拼写、发音、词汇、构词、语法、句型和语义等方面的能力。语言能力是交际能力的基石,一个不可缺少的组成部份。

pragmatic competence

语用能力

是指学习者在特定的语境中针对特定的对象知道如何合适清晰地表达自己的意图的能力。用

Hymes

的话说就是知道

何时说,何时不说,和谁,什么时间,什么地点,以什么方式说些什么

discourse competence

篇章能力

是指在口语或书面语中理解或创造连贯的上下文内容的能力,或称

话语能力

。例如:在口语或书面语中,使用‘首先,其次,然后,最后‘等保持上下文的连贯。

strategic competence

策略能力

是指如何在一个真实的交际情景下保持交际渠道通畅的能力。它包括以下三个方面:

1)

在口语和书面语冒险一试的能力;

2)

使用具体交际策略的能力;

3)

习得具体交际策略中的常用语言形式。

fluency

语言流畅

语言流畅是指自如地把言语单元有效连结起来的能力。流畅涉及语言的输出,多指口语的输出。流畅包括三个方面:

1

)语义流畅,

2

)词汇,句法流畅,

3

)发音流畅。

2.4 principles of communicative language teaching

Three principles for CLT

These are the three principles suggested by Richards and Rodgers: Communication principle: Activities that involve real communication promote learning.

交际原则:涉及交际的活动可以提高学习的效果。例如:问路

Task principle: Activities in which language is used for carrying out meaningful task promote learning.

任务原则:用语言完成有意义任务的活动可以提高学习的效果

例如:通过目标语言设置课堂活动的规则

Meaningfulness principle: Language that is meaningful to learner supports the learning process.

意义原则:

对学习者有意义的活动有利于学习过程

Howatt

1984

)指出,交际教学法流派中可分出

温和派

激进派

两种:

激进派

声称语言是通过交际习得的,因此这并不是一个激活已有的知识的问题,而是一个促进掌握语言系统本身的问题。可称作

用英语学英语

using English to learn it

)。

温和派

强调向学习者提供使用英语进行交际的机会的重要性,将这类交际活动置于更大范围的语言教学中。可以称作

学用英语

Learning to use English

2.6 main features of communicative activities

素材的真实性

Communicative activities

的分类

Criteria for evaluating how communicative classroom activities p24 Communicative purpose; (information gap)

活动要涉及日常交际,为学习创造出一个信息沟

Communicative desire; (real need)

要为学生创造交际的需求

(Focus on ) Content, not form; (message)

活动的设置的要点是内容,不是形式。是和说什么有关,不是和如何说有关Variety of language; (not just one language form, free to improvise/create)

语言形式的多样化

No teacher intervention; (done by Ss; no correcting/evaluating how Ss do it; assessment is based on the ‘product’ or on communicative purpose rather than on the language.)

教师不要干预活动的进行,不要纠错,评估

No material control.

活动不应对学生使用的语言有要求,由学生自己选择哪种语言的使用

2.7 task-based language teaching A purpose- a clear purpose

目的要明确

A context- a real world relationship

要与现实生活的语言活动相似

A process- comprehending, using the language and communicating

任务执行的过程是理解的过程,使用语言的过程,是交际的过程

A product- nonlinguistic outcome

任务应该有一个非语言成果

ex, ex-tasks, tasks

的区别

2.8 PPP and Task-based language teaching

两个图表

Unit 3 The national English curriculum

3.3 task 3 The new curriculum is designed to promote students’ overall language ability, which is composed of five interrelated components, namely, language skills, language knowledge, affects, learning strategies and cultural understanding. Each component is further divided into a few sub-categories. Language teaching is no longer aimed only for developing language skills and knowledge, but expanded to developing learners’ positive attitude, motivation, confidence as well as strategies for life-long learning along with cross-cultural knowledge, awareness and capabilities.

新课标的设计是为了促进学生的综合语言能力,包含五个互相关联的部分,文化意识,情感态度,学习策略,语言技能和语言知识,每个部分进一步分为不同的小类别。语言的教学不再仅仅注重发展语言技能和知识,它已经扩展到发展学习者的态度,动机,信息,以及学习策略,跨文化的知识(例子),意识和能力。

Unit 4 Lesson planning

Proper lesson planning is essential for both novice and experienced teachers.

Although preparation does not guarantee successful lessons, walking into a classroom unprepared is more often than not the beginning of a disastrous

[ di'z

ɑ

:str

?

s

]

lesson.

备好课对新教师(比如像我这样的)和经验丰富的教师来说至关重要。虽然备好课并不能保证成功的课堂教学,但没有准备就走进课堂,就不仅仅是一堂失败的课的开始。

4.3 Macro planning vs Micro planning Macro planning is planning over a longer period of time, for instance, planning for a whole program or a whole-year course.

宏观性的备课是对一个很长时期的课,例如整个课程、或一个学期的课程进行准备。

In a sense, macro planning is not writing lesson plans for specific lessons but rather helping teachers get an overall felling or idea about the course and also get familiarized with the context in which language teaching takes place.

从这个意义上来说,宏观性的备课就不是针对特定的哪节,或哪几节课进行教案的书写。它更重要的作用是为教师提供一个关于这门课的总的规划,并帮助教师理解、熟悉对语言教学所发生的环境进行。

Micro planning is planning for a specific unit or a lesson, which usually lasts from one to two weeks or forty to fifty minutes respectively. Micro planning should be based on macro planning, and macro planning is apt to be modified as lessons go on. 那么微观性的备课就是具体到每一节课,或每一个单元的备课活动。它可以分为一到两周一次,每次设计的教学时间是

40-50

分钟。

Unit 5 Classroom management

5.1 the role of the teacher ‘The teacher plays the role of controller when he is completely in charge of the class’ (Harmer: 1988). By control we refer to what students do, when they speak and what language they use.

当课堂完全被教师控制的时候,教师所扮演的角色是‘控制者’。我们这里所说的‘控制’,包括控制学生做什么,什么时候做,使用什么语言形式去做等。

A prompter

to encourage students to participate or male suggestions about how to proceed in an activity

An organiser

organizing the activities

A participant

(co-communicator) in an organized activity such as debate or role play.

A resource- provider

provide a source of language and knowledge.

5.3 student grouping

对应的活动

Whole class work

is where all the students are under the control of the teacher. They are all doing the same activity at the same rhythm and pace.

全班活动,所有学生都在教师的控制下进行学习,以同样的节奏和进度执行同一项活动。

Pair work

is where the students work in pairs.

学生两两配对学习。

Group work

is where the students work in small groups.

小组学习。学生根据课堂活动,以

3

4

、或

5

人分为一组。分组活动和配对活动比较相似,只是小组活动的人数多于配对练习的人数。当课堂活动需要多于两个学生进行的时候,小组活动的优越性就体现出来了,教师可以加入任一小组,但通常以参与者身份出现,而不是以组织者或评审者的身份出现。

Individual study

is the stage during the class where the students are left to work on their own and at their own speed.

独自学习。

5.4 maintaining discipline 79 Discipline does not mean a series of punishment meted out to badly behaved students.

纪律不是针对顽劣学生的惩罚措施。课堂管理早期的定义,就是狭义地用来指维持纪律

(discipline)

的技巧。

Discipline here refers to a code of conduct, which binds a teacher and a group of students together so that learning can be more effective.

纪律在这里是指一个行为的代码,它对一个教师和他的学生们起一种约束的作用,以促使学习更有效的进行。

When students are more likely to be engaged in learning? P79

对学习的目的很明确;学习的新知识建立在以往学过的知识之上,但又具有挑战性;学习者被学习的任务充分的激发了积极性;学习,包括学习中的任务的呈现,结构等有趣,能激发学习者的好奇心;学习者有机会问问题,并寻求答案;学习

者能看见自己的进步;学习者对学习有满足感。

5.5 classification of question types Classification of question types Closed or open questions

封闭式问题和开放式问题

Display or genuine

['d

??

nju

?

n]

questions

展示性问题和真实性问题

Lower-order or higher-order questions

低思维层次问题和高思维层次问题

Bloom’s classification Closed questions refer to those with only one single correct answer; open questions may invite many different answers; lower-order questions refer to those that simply require recalling of information or memorization of facts; higher order questions require more reasoning, analysis, and evaluation.

封闭式问题:指只有一个正确答案的问题;开放式问题指有多种不同解答办法的问题。低思维层次问题,学生只须回忆一个简单的事实;而高思维层次问题,提问使学生回忆一些必须要学生理解有关难题问题的情况或解决方案,回答高思维层次问题,需要学生了解所知的事实、咨询与更高思维层次例如分析、综合与评鉴的能力。

5.6 dealing with errors: accuracy or fluency. 87 Errors vs. mistakes

犯错误,出差错

Mistake: refers to a performance error that is either a random guess or a ‘slip of tongue’, and it is a failure performance to a known system

行为上的差错。学习者能通过检查而自我纠正

Error: do not result from carelessness nor hesitation, but lack of knowledge in the target language.

英语教学法教程教案(王蔷)

英语教学法教程教案 A Course in English Language Teaching 主讲:姚向礼 教材:《英语教学法教程》 主编:王蔷 出版社:高等教育出版社 绪论外语教学法主要流派 Teaching approaches & Methods Approaches & methods of Language Teaching 众说纷纭,现以学习理论作为分类标准,将学派分为认知性的,连接性的和综合性的三大类。并简介翻译教学法,自然教学法,直接教学法,认知教学法,功能教学法,在这之前首先概述一下拉丁语教学法、。 ①拉丁语教学法,指(15-16世纪)为欧洲语言的极盛时期,学校里教授作为外语之拉丁语的直觉模仿法。它在(15——16世纪)为语法模仿法:16世纪末到17世

纪,由于民族语渗入学校,拉丁语教学法主要为词汇模仿法。先后提出了自觉性原则和直观性原则。这一时期的两大代表人物①惜提哈(ratch1571-163500))②夸美纽斯教学法Conienius(1592_1670) ①德国论点是通过经验与分析去学习一切。认为只从理论途径得到的记忆才是可 靠的。词汇翻译法,自觉对比法,认真教学法。 二、联结性的教学法学派 特点:经验主义的哲学观点;重视外语话语与实物,观念,概念等外部世界与思维的直接联系;侧重口头操练。 自然教学法(绝对排斥本族语的教学法) 直接教学法(自然教学法发展起来的)(一种习惯) 听说教学法 视听教学法 功能教学法(又名意念法,交际法或意念——功能—交际法 三、综合性的教学法学派,来源于直接法与翻译的综合 自觉实践法 折衷法(又是极端) 分阶段教学法 一、语法翻译法(Translation Method) The grammar translation Method(Reading Method ,classical Method ).In China, it is called old method and is probably the most widely known and has been the most widely used of all approaches to language teaching .Although there have been many developments in language teaching, especially in the teaching foreign language ,grammar-translation method in still used today in various forms .And the main drill in translation. The mains features are as the followings. 1.Classes are taught in the mother tongue,with little active use of the target lauguage. 2.Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isofated words. 3.Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. 4.Little attention explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. 5.Often the only drills are exercises in translation disconnecfecl sentences from the target language into the mother tongue. 6.little or no attention is given to pronunciation. 希腊文、拉丁文、通过翻译来学习外语。 认为背诵文法规则是学习外语的捷径,使用的课本,开始是孤立的单词和孤立的语法例句,都是从希腊文和拉丁文的名著里摘引出来的。 Advontedges: 1.在外语教学里创建了翻译的教学形式; 2.在外语教学里利用文法、利用学生的理解力,以提高外语教学的效果; 3.着重阅读,着重学习原文或原文文学名著; 4.使用方便。只要教师掌握了外语的基本知识,就可以拿着外语课本教外语,不需要什么教具和设备。 Disadvanfudges: 1.忽视口语教学。在教学里没有抓住语言的本质; 2.忽视语音和语调的教学; 3.过分强调翻译,单纯通过翻译手段教外语,不利于培养学生用外语进行交际的能力,易使学生在使用外语时对翻译有依赖性;

最新初中迎接期末考试广播稿

最新初中迎接期末考试广播稿离期末考试近了,下文是一篇迎接期末考试广播稿,文中告诉大家要珍惜时间不浪费、全面复习不疏漏等。详细内容请点击查看全文。 同学们!时间过得飞快,不知不觉又到了期末,在有几天时间我们将进行期末考试。期末考试是检验我们一学期的学习成果,考试成绩是我们一学期学习情况的重要体现,所以我们要高度重视,不掉以轻心。那么,怎样才能发挥最佳水平,考出优异的成绩呢?建议大家做到以下几点: 1、珍惜时间不浪费。离期末考试近了,时间已经非常紧张,希望在老师的指导下,认认真真听好每一节复习课,扎扎实实做好每一道练习,认认真真完成每一次作业,那么你的复习一定会有明显的效果。请同学们抓紧点滴时间,把所有与学习无关的事放一放,聚精会神地投入到总复习中去。不要抱有任何侥幸心理,不要到了拿成绩报告单时再后悔莫及。 2、全面复习不疏漏。一个学期中学的东西很多,要在老师的指导下,静下心来,扎扎实实地进行全面和系统的复习,在全面复习的基础上,再找准自己的薄弱点,抓住每门功课的关键点,每个单元、章节的重点和难点,有目的地进行归纳、整理、训练。同时,还要讲究方法,注重复习的效果。

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迎接期末考试广播稿参考 同学们!时间过得飞快,不知不觉又到了期末,在有几天时间我们将进行期末考试。期末考试是检验我们一学期的学习成果,考试成绩是我们一学期学习情况的重要体现,所以我们要高度重视,不掉以轻心。那么,怎样才能发挥最佳水平,考出优异的成绩呢?建议大家做到以下几点: 1、珍惜时间不浪费。离期末考试近了,时间已经非常紧张,希望在老师的指导下,认认真真听好每一节复习课,扎扎实实做好每一道练习,认认真真完成每一次作业,那么你的复习一定会有明显的效果。请同学们抓紧点滴时间,把所有与学习无关的事放一放,聚精会神地投入到总复习中去。不要抱有任何侥幸心理,不要到了拿成绩报告单时再后悔莫及。 2、全面复习不疏漏。一个学期中学的东西很多,要在老师的指导下,静下心来,扎扎实实地进行全面和系统的复习,在全面复习的基础上,再找准自己的薄弱点,抓住每门功课的关键点,每个单元、章节的重点和难点,有目的地进行归纳、整理、训练。同时,还要讲究方法,注重复习的效果。 3、注意身体不生病。要想考出好的成绩,首先要有好的身体。夏季注意肠道疾病,不吃不符合卫生标准的食品,

同时要进入汛期请同学们注意做好防暑、防雨工作,做到劳逸结合。只有这样才能收到事半功倍的复习效果。 4、保持平和心态。同学们,临近考试,请你放下背上的包袱,用平和积极的心态,坦然的迎接考试,不要因为一次考试成功而趾高气扬,也不要因一次考试的失败而妄自菲薄,只有用积极乐观的心态,不断总结经验教训,才能运筹帷幄,决胜千里之外。 5、认真对待考试。考试既是知识的检测,又是意志的磨炼。考试时要紧张但不能过于紧张,要保持一定的焦虑但不能过于焦虑,要沉着冷静,要对自己充满信心,同时要科学对待考试,认真分析试题,仔细推敲,先易后难。不粗心大意,把会做的题随手做错了,做到基础题不失分,争取战胜难题,并注意把握时间。 6、遵守考试纪律。考试是严肃的,来不得半点弄虚作假,考试作弊是自欺欺人的做法,不能弥补自己学习上的漏洞,相反会让自己失去诚实的宝贵品质。希望大家以诚实守信为荣,自尊自爱,考出自己真是成绩。长风破浪正此时,直挂云帆济沧海,同学们行动起来吧,我们一定会谱写自己的辉煌。相信自己吧,有耕耘就有收获,希望我们的成绩会步步高。 最后,祝同学们在期末考试中取得优异的成绩! 校园广播陪伴大家度过了充实、愉快的一学期生活,希望每期的内

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Unit 1 Language and Language Learning Aims of the unit In this unit we will discuss some general matters about language learning and teaching. We are going to discuss five questions on particular: 1.How do we learn language 2.What are the common views on language 3.What are the common views on language learning 4.What are the qualities of a good language teacher 5.How can one become a good language teacher 1.1How do we learn languages Mach of human behavior is influenced by their experiences. The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influenced by the way they learned languages. This is especially true in foreign language teaching. Before we discuss language learning theories, let us first reflect on our own language learning experience. Task 1 Below is a list of interview questions on how people learn a foreign language. In the first column, write down your own responses. Then interview three other students in your class and enter their responses in the other columns. Discuss your findings in group of 4 and draw some conclusion.

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是啊,对于我们学生来说,没有什么比时间更重要,看书需要时间,写字需要时间,完成作业需要时间,师生之间探讨学习问题也需要时间。尤其是对于我们白天要上节课的学生来说,属于自己的时间就更少了。但是,一些同学还是没有意识到时间对自己的重要。还在得过且过,浪费时间,让美好的时间白白的从我们的身边溜走。同学们,希望你们能知道,在我们有限的共同学习时间中,它是最宝贵的资源,同时,它也最容易溜走,是最容易被浪费的。 同学们,请不要觉得离期末的时间还很远,可以有大把的时间来挥霍--其实不是这样的,仅仅只有一个多星期而已,如果你还不紧张,请这样想想,若等你捧着试卷,后悔地问自己:“怎么就期末了呢,我怎么没有发觉呢?”那时就晚了,复习时间是很宝贵的,请与老师配合一同认真复习好功课,以扎实的知识,迎接期末考试! 在这里我有几句话与大家共勉:只争朝夕,在你茫然的时候;只争朝夕,在你沮丧的时候;只争朝夕,在你懒散的时候,只争朝夕,在你还拥有梦想的时候;太阳每天都是新的,生活永远充满希望,现在就开始吧,把握每个瞬间,不要再犹豫! 最后,祝大家在即将到来的期末考试中取得满意的成绩。 演讲完毕,谢谢大家! 篇二 各位老师,各位同学:

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迎接期末考试 轻音乐...... 男:人皆苦炎热,我爱夏日长。 女:蜃气为楼阁,蛙声作管弦。 男:尊敬的老师,亲爱的同学们,大家下午好,我是主持人()女:我是播音员(),还有两个星期我们将进行期末考试,今天播音的题目是:《认真复习,迎接期末考试》。 男:一个学期即将过去,期末考试冲锋的号角已吹响,我们像远行的航船,伴随着激浪和长风,即将驶向一个安静的港湾; 女:又像冲刺的运动员,伴随着枪声和呐喊,即将冲向终点线; 男:我们更像耕耘者在精心护理和期望着丰硕的收获。 女:对于教师来说,要求教师们制定出有针对性的复习计划,我们的任课教师要多下班级、多下课堂,有计划、有针对性地指导学生复习, 男:特别是对那些平时学习存在较多困难、学习成绩不理想的学生,更要采取切实有效的措施,鼓励他们,帮助他们,在复习迎考阶段加把油,争取成绩有所进步。 女:所以我们经常能看到中午休息时间、晚上放学以后,都有我们老师忙碌的身影。 男:对于我们同学来说,应该统筹自己的学习时间,首先把各科的复习时间,做出合理的安排,不能忙乱而毫无头绪地开始复习。女:其次,要从教材出发,基础知识要牢固,然后才是不断地加深和拓宽。 男:基础知识都没有掌握好,而去盲目地做那些偏难偏怪的题目,或者是已经掌握好的基础知识,再去反复地复习,都是徒劳无功的。 这就要求我们具有查漏补缺的能力。 女:先清楚自己什么地方有问题,再有针对性地加以解决。

男:第三,要保持良好的心态。考试前和考试的过程中,我们的心理是最容易出问题的。 女:没有良好的心态,复习就会陷入“烦躁”的怪圈,从而使复习效率变得低下; 男:考试的时候,则会出现心里紧张和记忆空白的状况,原来得心应手的题目,也变得无从下手,甚至根本就没法做了。 女:第四,应试的技巧要科学合理。先从最简单的题目入手,采取先易后难的策略,不要停留在自己束手无策的题目上,要尽量争取时间。 男:学习和考试都体现为一种能力,一种吃苦耐劳、果断勇敢、从容不迫的能力。 女:只有经过锻炼和洗礼,我们才能不断地走向睿智和成熟;才能拥有一份属于自己的满意收获;才能有心情去享受,每个露水里铺满阳光的早晨。 男:最后祝老师们期末工作圆满顺利,每一位同学在期末考试中都能取得好成绩!

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