高考英语作文写作指导—事理说明文

事理说明文

说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的一种文体，或介绍事物的状态、性质、功能；或阐明事理，目的是给人以知识。依据说明对象与说明目的的不同，把说明文分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类。

【例题展示】

假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter层表示希望来中国教书。你校现在需招聘外教，请给他写封信，告知招聘信息。内容主要包括：

1.教授课程：英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、今日英语等

2.授课对象：高中生（至少三年英语基础）

3.工作量：

—每周12学时，任选三门课

—担任学生英语俱乐部或英语校报顾问（advisor）

注意：

1.字数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.开头语已为你写好。

【思路点拨】

?文体信息

英语中的事理说明文，目的是使读者明白某个事情或事理；事物说明文的说明对象是具体事物，说明目的是使读者了解、认识这个或这类事物的特征。本文为书信格式，主体部分体裁是事理说明文。本文主题是告知招聘信息，主要是向美国笔友介绍教授课程，授课对象，工作量等。

?写作关键

（1）该题目主体部分体裁虽是事理说明文，但也属于提纲式要点作文。提纲类书面表达不是简单的逐条翻译，而是将所给的几个要点合理的组成比较通顺的短文，因此要仔细组织语言，合理安排结构。

（2）正确使用人称与时态。事物说明文多用一般现在时及第三人称，但事理说明文使用所使用的人称与时态不很固定，写作时要根据情景和人物关系正确选择人称与时态，该文中可用第二人称，现在时和将来时等。

（3）注意信中语言的运用。短文主体为事理说明文，但整个短文为书信。这是写给一位外籍教师的信件，与你是笔友关系，虽然你们认识，但并不十分了解，所以在语言方面，要有礼貌、得体，特别注意简洁明了，开头要开门见山。

（4）事理说明文的说明方法及顺序不同于事物说明文。写事理说明文要确切把握需要介绍的事情, 并注意层次性，条理性与准确性。事理说明文常可采用“三段式”结构。本文采用了“三段式”结构：第一段，提出文章的主题，即文章想要阐述说明的主要内容。第二段，是文章的核心部分，对文章的主题进行展开说明。作者恰当地使用了过渡词汇first, then, besides, also等使文章层次分明，要点衔接自然。最后一段，即书信的结尾段，可表达作者的愿望等。

?写作提示

该信件应该包括以下内容：招聘外教（look for）；教授课程（Speaking, Writing, Britain Today and America Today）；授课对象（learning experiences）；工作量（…hours a week, advisor）；结束语（look forward to）。

【范文展示】

Dear Peter,

I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China. Our school now is looking for a native-speaker to teach some courses to senior high students. If you come, you can choose three of the following four courses: Speaking, Writing, Britain Today and America Today, and teach 12 hours a week. The students who are going to take these courses have at least three years of English learning experiences. Besides teaching, you will also work as an advisor to our students’ English club or our school’s English newspaper.

Please let me know if you are interested and if you have any other questions. I’d be more than happy to help.

Best,

Li Hua

【习作点评】

信件格式正确，行文规范，称呼、正文中的开头及结尾、结束语均表达到位；文中长短句结合好，无论是长短句的搭配，还是从句的使用，在短小的文章中都显得十分亮丽；文章精彩，虽无华丽词语，但语言地道、语法规范、行文流畅，层次清晰。

【实战演练】

假如你是四川的李华，你在美国孔子学院网友Tom对四川方言感兴趣，来邮件向你咨询如何才能学好四川方言，请你根据下列要点写回信。

1. 交四川网友；

2. 看四川方言电视节目；

3. 来四川旅游，体验方言；

4. 注意普通话与四川方言区别。

注意：1.词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头语已为你写好。Hi!

I’m glad to receive your e-mail asking for my advice on how to learn the Sichuan dialect._______ ______________________________________________.

Li Hua

【参考范文】

Hi!

I’m glad to receive your e-mail asking for my advice on how to learn the Sichuan dialect. Here are a few suggestions. Firstly, it is necessary to make Sichuan net friends, as you’ll be able to learn the Sichuan dialect and practice with them. Then, it also helps to watch TV and see films in Sichuan dialect whenever possible.

Besides, it should be a good idea to make trips to Sichuan, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember the dialect more e asily. Finally, it’s of great importance to learn the differences between Putonghua and the Sichuan dialect, especially some differences in intonation and pronunciation. Try and have a voice chat with me in Sichuan dialect next time.

Li Hua

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