新世纪研究生英语课后翻译全

UNIT1

1. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by.

2. A Boeing 747 aircraft didn't gain enough height to climb the mountain. In a twinkling, it crash into the mountain and blew up .No one survived in the accident.

3. Students have easy access to the resource in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it.

4. Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at the time, hit an iceberg when she was under the way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.

5. Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach, they packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunshine.

6. They have been to St.Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now, they lapsed into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approached.

Unit 2

1. Some cyber gurus claim that internet will prevent wars reduce pollution and combat various of inequality.

2. Although, internet can undeniable fosters communication, it will not put an end to wars. Since wars are by no means cause by the failure of different people to understand each other equality.

3. The internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution, only if doing things online replace real-world activities.

4. The poor are not shunning the internet because they cannot afford it the problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it efficiently, therefore, it make more sense to improve universal literacy than universal.

5. Thanks to internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information works in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased.

6. If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away it

UNTT 3

1. Many studies indicate that desert air is so dry that it contains any moisture.

2. Although the children form age 5 to 16 must go to school in Britain according to the laws, about 1% of the children still can not read when they have primary school.

3. After heared the news, I knew I fell restless again within a fortnight.

4. We think unanimously to answer the question, we must look more closely at the faces.

5. Though out the world, government at all levels are taking effectively measures to prevent environment pollution.

6. Some people think that the objective items, such as multiple choices, should be used for an examination, others do not agree, because they believe that this kind test has some bad effect on students leaning.

UNIT 4

1. I find that walking along the quiet lake can provide refreshment form a day is sedentary job.

2. Exercising and relaxing yourself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.

3. The less active you are, the faster aging process accelerates and the more vulnerable you became to physical and psychological problems.

4. Even if you can keep up dieting, you can not reduce to point where you achieve the kind of body shaping you want.

5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did little but slept and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed.

6. In the part when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard people seldom complained of tiredness. However people fell dragged out and complain a lot in the modern time of labor saving devices and convenient transportation.

UNIT5

1. It is generally accepted that the upbringing of the child within the home is closely related to the education of the child in school.

2. Jennifer is the chief of personnel for the New York Herald Tribune, where she is also responsible for special editorial work in the field of public relations.

3. It was tw o years ago that Jeff met Rose at his sister’s birthday party, they had been communicating with each other by e-mail since then; the more Jeff knows Rose, the more he likes her.

4. The new measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers, but also in limiting price increases.

5. Similarly, they insufficiently treated the political and economic background of the conspiracy.

6. Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the other

UNIT 6

1. Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.

2. The discovery of god in the valley will enrich the mountain area.

3. Only when police confronted her with evidence, did she admit that she had stolen the money.

4. The meting will afford you an opportunity of hearing good public speakers.

5. An official statement laid to rest remaining fears about the possible redundancies in the industry.

6. Mary is pretty bright, as a matter of, her teacher told me that she is certain to get a university place this year.

UNIT7

1. Black people in this area complained to the government that they had been subjected to repeated racial attacks from the local police officers.

2. The government officials are inclined to apply the science and technology to short -term projects, which is not beneficial to scientific development.

3. The previous manager did not want to invest time and money in training the employees who could leave the company anytime, as a result of which, there was a serious talent drain.

4. We are collecting money for repairs to the church roof. If any of you would like to make a contribution, we shall be most grateful.

5. The scientists are currently focusing on making experiments, in hope of finding effective methods to cure cancers.

6. The speech that the chairman delivered at the conferences made much sense to regain the confidence of employees

UNIT8

1.Mexico city is one of the most populated cities in the world.

2.The finding shows a substantial difference between the opinions of men and

woman.

3.I can't remember whether I left my credit card home or in the car.

4.We can’t assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they are decided to

remain silent.

5.The main question that faces Chinese economists at present is how to use the price

levers and the competition system to direct resources into areas which yield better returns.

6.It is assumed that in the next 20 years, the most surprising development will take

pace in the space flight. Now space shuttles are being developed and they can be used many times instead of only one.

UNIT 9

1. On those days and nights when I was waiting for the results of the Entrance Examination, my heart was filled with wonder (or uncertainty). I wondered what the future held for me, of surprise and excitement or disappointment and sorrow.

2. The little girl ran swiftly to catch up with her mother and stretched out her hand to her mother, crying for more candies and drinks. But the mother persisted that they had bought enough.

3. His wife was sent into the operation room. He walked to and fro outside, smoking one cigarette after another. When he saw the door opened, he felt a thrill of tenseness.

4. Under the gaze of his colleagues, he flushed with embarrassment and bowed his head. He casually took up a newspaper and hid hi face behind it, pretending to be reading it.

5. They fixed all their attention on the research project on hand. They believed that as long as they didn’t lose heart, they would s ucceed in these experiments in time.

6.She had just given birth to an infant when her husband left/deserted her. In despair, she shut herself and the infant in a room, claiming that they would perish together. Thanks to the policemen who came in time, the mother and the daughter escaped death by a hair’s breath (or had a narrow escape).

UNTI 10

1. We must figure out how to solve the tissue-rejection problem.

2. His behavior under fire approved him a man of courage.

3. In addition to the impressiveness of the settings, there is use of the camera that at times seems magical.

4. At first, no ready technical data were available, but we managed to go without.

5. She has some difficulty in giving shape to her ideas. But she resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.

6. The most part of their designs corresponds to actual needs and regulations on environmental demand, the other part needs reconsidering

UNIT11

1. The main concern of the people is that if China's urban economy can not join international intercourse, our country will be in a disadvantageous situation in the world market.

2. Smuggling operations not only disorder out markets, and evade custom duty, but also harm the survival and development of national industry.

3. To promote the rapid development of economy the government is trying to restore public confidence in its management of the economy.

4. This popular theory must be discarded in the light of new findings for the benefit of the majority of the people.

5. In order to protect the environment, traditional farming methods are coming into use in many areas in Europe.

6. Because of the time limit and the shortage of human resources, the firm has not yet managed to find new premises that are suitable for their purpose.

UNIT12

1. Electronic communication tools facilitate information sharing by enabling people to send one another messages, files, data and images.

2. The only way to differentiate yourself from the competition is through service.

3. The less there is to justify a traditional custom, the harder it is to get rid of it.

4. In high school, students should build on their prior knowledge, learning more-varied and more-sophisticated problem-solving techniques.

5. You are not required to simply memorize information. You must be able to demonstrate that you can use that information and apply it in a practical way.

6. A well-balanced life is necessary to live in today’s world. Without a well-balanced life a person can neither function properly nor develop into a well-rounded individual. UNIT13

1 .Planning so far ahead makes no sense. So many things will have changed by next year.

2. The main problem that people are facing in the 21st century is that the rapid increase of population is a heavy burden for developing countries.

3. The key is that in regard to the modern scientific and technical books, especially

textbooks, their authors should revise them at short intervals if they wish to keep pace with the times.

4. The company has been accused of trying to sell their products under the guise of market research in order to get more profits since 1989.

5. Tears are a natural form of expression. As they can convey a multitude of feelings, such as happiness, sadness, loneliness, fear, comfort, anger, or frustration, it provides

a healthy outlet for emotions.

6. On one hand, the Government of China has already made great efforts to mobilize people to improve the ecological environment in the light of local conditions. On the other hand, greater efforts should be made to further raise people’s awareness of the environment and spread knowledge about the environment.

英语精读第二册课文翻译

UNIT 2-1 一场关于男人是否比女人勇敢的激烈的讨论以一个意外的方式。晚宴我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像实有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之后不久就出现在一本杂志上。但登在杂志上的那篇故事, 以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。故事发生在印度。某殖民官员和他的夫人举行盛行的晚宴。跟他们一起就座的客人有——军官和他人的夫人，另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家——筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里，室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯；屋顶明椽裸露；宽大的玻璃门外便是阳台。席间，一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。“女人一遇到危急情况，”少校说，反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西。”那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时，他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情。她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句。男仆两眼睁得大大的，迅速地离开了餐室。在座的客人中，除了那位美国人以外论证也没有注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的阳台上。那个美国人突然醒悟过来。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他抬头看了看屋顶上的椽子——那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方——但那上面空荡荡的。室内的三个角落里也是空的，而在第四个角落里，仆人们正在等着下一道菜。这样，剩下的就只有一个地方了餐桌下面。他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人发警告。但他知道这样会引起骚乱，致使眼镜索受惊咬人。于是他很快讲了一通话，其语气非常威严，竟使所有的人安静了下来。我想了解一下在座的诸位到底有多大的克制能力，我数三百下——也就五分钟——你们谁都不许动一动。动者将罚款五十卢比。准备好！”在他数数的过程中，那2 0 个人像一尊尊石雕一样端坐在那儿。当他数到“……280……”时，突然从眼然处看到那条眼镜蛇钻了出来，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳起来把通往阳台的门全都砰砰地牢牢关上时，室内响起了一片尖叫声。“你刚才说得很对，少校！”男主人大声说。一个男子刚刚为我们显示了从容不迫、镇定自若的范例。”“且慢”，那位美国人一边说着一边转向女主人。温兹太太，你怎么知道那条眼镜蛇是在屋子里呢？”女主人的脸上闪现出一丝淡淡的微笑，回答说：“因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去。” UNIT2 杰斐逊很久以前就死了，但是我们仍然对他的一些思想很感兴趣,杰斐逊的箴言, 布鲁斯.布利文、托马斯.杰斐逊美国第三任总统，也许不像乔治.华盛顿和亚伯拉罕.林肯那样著名，但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事实：《独立宣言》是他起草的。虽然杰斐逊生活在二百多年以前，但我们今天仍可以从他身上学到很多东西。他的许多思想对当代青年特别有意义。下面就是他讲过和写到过的一些观点：自己去看。杰斐逊认为，一个自由的人除了从书本中获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识；亲自做调查是很重要的。当他还年轻的时候，他就被任命为一个委员会的成员，去调查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否可以通行大型船只。委员会的其他成员都坐在州议会大厦内，研究有关这一问题的文件，而杰斐逊却跳进一只独木舟去做现场观测。你可以向任何人学习。按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐逊均属于最高的社会阶层。然而很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代，在那个贵人们除了发号施令以外。杰斐逊却想尽办法跟园丁、仆人和侍者交谈。有一次杰斐逊曾这样对法国贵族拉斐特说：你必须像我那样到平民百性的家里去，看看他们的烧饭锅，吃吃他们的面包。只要你肯这样做，你就会发现老百姓为什么会不满意，你就会理解正在威胁着法国的革命。”自已作判断。未经过认真的思考，杰斐逊绝不接受别人的意见。“不要相信它或拒绝它。

新世纪大学英语1课后翻译

An Integrated English Course One Translation Unit 1 (1) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk. (2) Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3) To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4) According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6) We have passed all the relevant information on to the police. (7) There/It is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won’t answer. (8) It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11) The film is based on a play by/of Shakespeare. (12) If you have a good command/mastery of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job/in job-hunting. Unit 2 (1) Many teachers frowned on this practice. (2) An old man glared at me when I was trying to cut across the lawn. (3) When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face. (4) My firstborn was quite obedient, whereas my younger child was very stubborn. I can still recall now how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after he finished his secondary school. (5) Countries in South East Asia sustained great losses when the tsunami struck the area. (6) Every time the mother tries to compare the younger brother with his elder brother, the younger one will protest. (7) He found himself unable to fit in with his classmates when he first came to this school. (8) The fury on her face terrified me. I dared not say no to her again. (9) No wonder you ended up in trouble. You never followed your parents’ advice. (10) It took him two years to adapt to the new environment Unit 3 (1) William likes the girl a lot so he tries very hard to impress her and is optimistic that he will win her heart. (2) He is very creative and has a good vision of the future, but he likes to keep things to himself. (3) They came from a poor village where people were shut off from modern civilization. (4) We must work hard and make an effort to achieve the goals that we have set. (5) We should learn to be content with all that we have and should not be too critical about things around us.

研究生英语一课后翻译答案

①A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.”It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self —otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved. ②学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要的东西了。这一点适用于音乐、医学、木工——也适合于爱情。这也可能正是问题的答案所在：为什么在我们的文化中人们即使已遭遇显而易见的失败，但人们很少去尝试学习爱这门艺术。虽然人们内心深藏着爱，但他们几乎把所有其他的东西如成功、名誉、金钱、权力都视为比爱更重要，几乎把所有的精力都用来学习如何实现这些目标了，几乎没有人去学习爱这门艺术。只有那些能赢得金钱和荣誉的东西才值得学习，而爱只是一件我们无权为之浪费许多精力的奢侈品，它只能使心灵获益、而毫无现代意义上的好处可言。难道果真如此吗？B. Intimacy, passion, and commitment are the warm, hot, and cold vertices of Sternberg’s love triangle. Alone and in combination they give rise to eight possible kinds of love relationships. The first is nonlove—absence of all three components. This describes the large majority of our personal relationships, which are simply causal interactions. The second kind of love is liking. “If you just have intimacy”, Sternberg explains, “that’s liking. You can talk to the person, tell about your life. And if that’s all there’s to it, that’s what we mean by liking.”It refers to the feelings experienced in true friendships. Liking includes such feelings as closeness and warmth but not the intense feelings of passion or commitment. If you just have passion, it’s called infatuated love—“love at first sight”that can arise almost instantaneously and dissipate just as quickly. It

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译

TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client —a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学

家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。

大学英语精读第二册翻译

翻译 Unit1 1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。 Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word. 2. 出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。 The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American. 3. 约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。 Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone. 4. 当全部乘客都向出口处(exit) 走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。 While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane. 5. 这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。 The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself. 6. 南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。 While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth. 7. 你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？ What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 8. 猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下(lay) 的陷阱(trap) 方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情。 The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid. Unit 2 1) 会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。 It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution. 2) 这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。 By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work. 3) 他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。 It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.

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新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程一英语课后翻译主编秦秀 白蒋静仪 Translation in Unit1 (1)法官要求记者不要公开受害人的姓名。(disclose) The judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the victim. (2)老师费尽苦心务必使我们全都理解他的话，(take pains to do sth) The teacher took pains to make sure that we all understood what he said. (3)最近学校在学业优秀的学生中进行了一项调查。(conduct， attain) Recently the school conducted a survey among those students who have attained academic excellence. (4)他说他要接受这份工作，我们要求他写封信证实。(confirm) He said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to confirm his acceptance by writing us a letter. (5)乔治学习很努力，他要尽量利用学习的机会。(make the most of) George studies very hard. He wants to make the most of his chance to learn. (6)我们不能去。第一，天气太冷。另外，我们正忙着。(to begin with) We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we’re busy. (7)该是有人公开讲清楚这些基本事实的时候了。(speak up) It’s about time that someone spoke up for these basic truths/facts. (8)此时此刻你应该工作而不该在床上躺着。(instead of) You should be working instead of lying there in bed at this time of the day. (9)他发言时，我要记些笔记。(jot down)

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研究生英语系列教材综合教程(上)课文翻译 Unit 1 核心员工的特征 1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。” 10风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误的求职者。大家都知道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。但很少有人乐意谈论失败，更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。“对我的企业来说，求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她的失败，而且他或她需要有真正的失败经历，而不是特意为面试而杜撰的东西。如果做不到的话，那么这个人冒的风险还不够，”豪特说。 11特征4：善于处理人际关系 瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。“科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技术上的敏锐感，”他说，“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。” 12然而，如果认为只有像李奇那样的生意人才需要熟练的人际沟通技巧，那就错了。事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心费工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。 Unit 4 爱和情感连系 1爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和

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