201712月英语四级选词填空真题及答案解析

2016年12月英语四级选词填空真题及答案

第一套

PARTⅢ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male”and“female”brains,believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes.A new study 26 that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.

In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers 27 for sex differences throughout the entire human brain

And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for 28 brains as “male” or“female”,research shows that brains fall into a wide range , with most people falling right in the middle.

Daphna Joel ,who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender‐based 29 ,many different types of brain can’t always be distinguished by gender.

While the “average”male and“average”female brains were 30different, you couldn’t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small 31of people had “all-male”or“all-female”characteristics.

Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist(神经科学家)，said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning 32 beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, 33 of gender.

“There’s a mountain of evidence 34 the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function ,”he told The Seattle Times.

If anything, he said, the study 35that gender plays a very important role in the brain—“even when we are not clear exactly how.”

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requir ed to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word ban k following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the cor responding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through th e centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

It’s our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is th e most common everyday activity, after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting （36）can le ad to obesity (肥胖症) and other diseases, researchers have now quantified just how（37） being a couch potato can be.

In an analysis of data from eight large （38） published studies, a Harvard -led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel （39）, the risk of developing Type 2 di abetes(糖尿病) rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a （40）, and the odds of dying prematurely （41） 13% during a seven-yea r follow-up. All of these （42） are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary(久坐的) activities, like knitting, viewing TV may be especially （43） at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And oth er studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to （44）them.

Even so, the authors admit that they didn’t compare different sedentary ac tivities to （45） whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes, heart disease or early death compared with, say, reading.

A) climbed B) consume C) decade D) determine E) effective F) harmful G) outcom es

H) passively I) previously J) resume K) suffered L) surfing M) term N) terminal s O) twisting

参考答案解析：

36. passively

解析：sitting passively 被动坐着

从词性判断，36题应该选一个副词来修饰sitting这个动名词，而备选项中只有两个副词，一个是passively被动地，一个是previously之前，再根据语义逻辑，坐着那看电视的行为应该是一种被动行为，而不存在前后之分。

37. harmful

解析：quantified just how harmful being a couch potato 量化长时间看电视的严重危害

通过分析how ( ) being a couch potato can be 这句话的句子成分，得出how 这个副词之后应该接一个形容词，符合词性条件的备选项，一个是effective 有效的，一个是ha rmful有害的。根据语义逻辑，长时间看电视是有害的，故选harmful。

38. previously

解析： previously published studies 之前公布的研究

38题空格处应该填一个副词来修饰published这个词，参考36题的解析，备选项中现在只剩下一个副词就是previously，刚好填入此处。

39. surfing

解析：spent channel surfing ，直接翻译为在频道冲浪，意译为看电视。这里的channel 频道指代television电视；而“surfing冲浪”指代“watching看”，我们经常看到上网常用surfing一词，这里运用了仿词，将“上网冲浪”的surfing借过来用来指“看电视“。以上可以理解为英语中的委婉表达。

40. decade

解析：increased 15% over a decade 10年增加了15% 。40题后面出现了一个词并列连词and，说明本句存在并列关系。通读此句，40题在over之后应该填一个表示时间的名词，这样才能和前文over 8.5.years 与后文during a seven-year follow up 形成并列，备选项中只有decade符合条件。

41. climbed

解析：the odds …climbed 13% 几率增加了13% 。解析同40题，根据and所指向的并列关系，前文说某一种风险增加了20%，某一种风险的增加了15%，此处空格也应该填一个表示上升的动词，备选项只有climbed，爬升。

42. outcomes

解析：all of these outcomes 所有这些后果。此题填outcomes，是对前文各种疾病风险

的概括。

43. effective

解析：be especially effective at promoting unhealthy habits 更容易形成不健康的习惯。be effective at doing 有效做某事。这里是讽刺用法，用来强调看电视更容易形成不健康的习惯。

44. consume

解析：make you more likely to consume them 使你更有可能吃他们，这里注意them指前文出现的beer啤酒和popcorn爆米花，又能表示喝啤酒，又能表示吃爆米花的词只有co nsume。consume消费，也只吃喝（东西）。

45. determine

解析：通过句法分析，本句应该填写动词原形，放在to 不定式符号之后。备选项中有3个动词原形，其中consume已经填在了44题，在剩下的resume恢复和determine决定之间，根据语义，应选择determine。

Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, and so on.

For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become __2__ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.

Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is __5__ in the text. The latter

represents __6__ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.

There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as __8__ to a “content”conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the __9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well __10__. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.

[A] opposed[B] converse[C] equallyD] written

[E] developed[F] strategies[G] compared[H] awake

[I] higher[J] expectations[K] deal[L] absolutely[M] aware

[N] better[O]further

参考答案：

1. O

2. M

3. J

4. B

5. D

6. I

7. C

8. A

9. F10.E

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter

for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花), for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a 26 recent addition to the beverage. This was mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a 27 ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and ve__ . The different shapes of the containers 28they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest 29evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To 30that hypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, 32 lily, would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn’t become a 33food in central China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have 34in the region not as food, but as35material for beer brewing.

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Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section,you will hear three news the end of each news report,you will hear two or three the news report and the questions will be spoken only you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A)By taking pictures for passers-by. C)By selling lemonade and pictures. B)By working part time at a hospital. D)By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A)They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B)They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C)They are only about half an inch thick. D)They are made from cheap materials. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.

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There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested inspelling .No school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportantas a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or howmuch _____ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. Theproblem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _____ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become th e only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use ofdictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing abouta personal experience ：“ This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible( 难以辨认的).” It may have been a sharP__8__ of the pupil’stechnical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omittedto read the ess ay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s deePfeelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centredon the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would havegiven the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement. A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearlyE)adventurous F ）discourage G)motivation H)terribleI)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressedM)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed Answers: 1. 选I ）。由该句中的has 可知，此处应填动词过去式，且表达的含义应和后面的consider…unimportant 相近，故应排除contained 和expressed而选择ignored 。 2. 选A ）。此处应填名词，但能与后面over 构成固定搭配的名词只有priority ，故排除了criticism 和motivation 。 3. 选M). 由空格前面的and 可知，此处应填副词和freely 并列。从句意来理解，在没有拼写困难的情况下，怎样鼓励学生自由且…… 地表达自己，选项中只有confidently “自信地“符合题意。 4. 选N ）。很明显这里应填形容词，选项中terrible ，difficult 后接事物名词something ，只有adventurous 和bright 可用来形容somebody （child )，再由后面的play safe“不冒险”，可排除adventurous而选择bright。 5. 选E ）。由前一句中的be likely to “ play safe ”和空格前的avoid可以推知，此处所填词的意思应与play safe表达的意思相反，故选项中只有adventurous符合题意。 6. 选K ）。很明显此处应填动词的一般现在时，可选项有encourage和persuade 。由That’s why 知本句与前一句构成因果关系，而前一句说的是学生往往会用他们拼写范围内的词写文章，从而选择避免用那些不会的词，故由此可推知此句应理解为老师鼓励学生用字典，因此排除persuade 而选encourage。 7. 选H ）。此处应填形容词。由空格后面的too many spelling errors和illegible可知，这篇文章是写的很糟，而不是很难理解。故排除difficult而选terrible。 8. 选B ）。此处应填名词。由后半句中 a sad reflection on the teacher可知，前半句是在指责学生，故选项中只有criticism符合题意。 9. 选C ）。此处填动词过去式，本句中由which 引导的从句是对essay的解释，剩余选项中contained 和expressed ，根据句意，文章…… 儿童内心感受的一些好的表达，

大学英语四级(选词填空)专项训练

2011年6月大学英语四级真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said. ―The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,‖ Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. ―It's __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.‖ 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47 N tend 48 L negative 49 H efficiently 50 B associated 51 A alert 52 J function/ 53 F definitely 54 O younger 55 E continuing56 G different 文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？ 2010年12月英语四级考试真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology