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英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结汇编

英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结汇编
英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结汇编

第一单元翻译概论

1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.

Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.

2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译

Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.

例如:paper tiger—纸老虎

Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.

例如:Adam’s apple—喉结;at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟

It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱

3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译(Foreignization)和归化翻译(Domestication )

归化的例子:

as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠

at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥

wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡

as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪

5 傅雷:1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似。”

6. 钱钟书:1964年在《林纾的翻译》一文中提到“文学翻译的最高理想可以说是“化”,把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原作的风味,那就算得入与“化境”。

7 But I hated Sakamoto, and I had a feeling he’d surely lead us both to our ancestors.

但是我恨坂田,并预感到他肯定会领着咱们去见祖先。

8 Don’t cross the br idge till you get to it.

不必担心太早。(不必自寻烦恼)

9 Do you see any green in my eyes?

你以为我是好欺骗的吗?

10 Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door.

鲁斯一直在扰乱别的孩子,我就把他撵了出去。

第二单元英汉对比

1汉语和英语的对比研究,始于100年多前《马氏文通》,这是我国第一部汉语语法书,是在比较和模仿拉丁文法的基础上写成的。

2中国传统哲学主张“天人合一”、“万物与我为一”,反映在语言上就是施事主体可以蕴含在行为事件的主观表现中。

3因此在句子构造中,汉语并不把主语看成必要的成分。正如王力所说:“就句子结构而论,西洋语言是法治的,中国语言是人治的。法治的不管主语用得着用不着,总要呆板地求句子形式的一律,人治的用得着就用,用不着就不用,只要能使人听懂说话人的意思,就算了。”

4正因为汉语缺乏主语,语言学家从语言类型学的角度出发,认为汉语是主题显著(topic-prominent)的语言。

5 A dialect is known by every linguist in this room.

一种方言被这间屋子里的每一个语言学家所懂得。

有一种方言这间屋子里的每一个语言学家都懂得。

6.I would not believe what he said.

他的话,我可不信。

7.I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting.

会上讲了什么,我一点没记住。

8 I know Mr. Wang.

王先生我认识。

9. He is the best singer.

唱歌,他是最棒的。

11. Even if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him.

跑得了和尚,跑不了庙。

12. Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell.

打死我也不说。

13. Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

谦虚使人进步,骄傲使人落后。

14. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

15. We will not attack unless we are attacked.

人不犯我,我不犯人。

16. As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain.

(由于)天气很好,我们决定去爬山。

17. My sister was expecting me, so I had to go now.

我妹妹在等我,我得走了。

18. A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.

没有外力的作用,运动的物体就连续做匀速直线运动。

19 We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.

我们看见了一只知更鸟,知道春天快要到了。

20西文句中名物字,多随举随释,如中文之旁支,后乃遥接前文,足意成句。”(严复)英语句子“多随举随释”,枝杈蔓生,呈树状结构,分叉处有介词,关系代词连接。而汉语按时间顺序或逻辑顺序逐层展开,节节延伸,犹如竹子。

21 The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungray because he had had no food for two days.

男孩哭得心都快碎了,当我问及他时,他说饿极了,有两天没吃了。

22.The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elepants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have been invented.

月球离地球非常遥远,即使那边山上长着大树,有大象在跑来跑去,我们用已经发明的最高倍率的望远镜也不能看到它们。

23. Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia.

1826年杰斐逊逝世。按他生前遗愿,在他墓地的石碑上刻着:独立宣言和弗吉尼亚州信教自由法令的作者,弗吉尼亚大学创建人之墓。

24 由此可见,英语是“静态”的语言,而汉语则是“动态”的语言。“英语的静态修辞实质是名词优势和介词优势,而介词优势又是名词优势的必然结果。因为名词与名词之间要借助介词来联结。” 因此,在英译汉时常常要变“静”为“动”,摆脱名词化的框架和大量介词的干扰,突出原文的动态色彩。

25. Admittance Free 免票入场

26. Out of Bounds 游客止步

27. No Admittance Except on Business 闲人免进

28. Danger of Death – High V oltage! 高压(电),生命危险!

29. Party officials worked long hour on meagre food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.

党的干部吃着粗茶淡饭,住着寒冷的窑洞,点着昏暗的油灯,长时间地工作。

30 What film will be on this evening? 今晚放映什么影片?

31. He walked around the house with a gun. 他拿着枪,绕着屋子走。

32 A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it.

研究一下那封信,就使我们毫不怀疑该信是别有用心的。

33. The very first sight of her made him fall in love with her. 他对她一见钟情。

34中国传统哲学以人为本,追求人与自然的和谐,把天、地、人视为一个统一体,即“天人合一”。《易经》提出了有机整体的图式,把自然现象和人事凶吉都纳入阴阳两极所组成的六十四卦系统之中,为中国传统思维奠定了基础。

35 I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man.

我读过你的文章,但没料想你会这样年轻。

36 A seaman knows that the sea is all-powerful and can, under certain circumstances, destroy man and the product of his brain and hand, the ship.

水手们都知道,大海的威力是势不可挡的;在某些情况下,它能把人及人所制造的船只统统摧毁掉。(正说反译)

37 Mine! Mine!” They would shout at the pretty rainbows that are down to the earth, seemi ng never very far away.

他们会冲着那从天际弯弯地挂向地面的,看来好像伸手可及的美丽彩虹大声呼喊:“哎呀!哎呀!”(反说正译)

38 He was not displeased with her honesty…it took a certain amount of experience in life, an courage, to want to do it quite that way.

他对于她的直率没有感到不快……有点生活经验、又有点胆量的人才敢这么做。

39 Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.

聪明人防患于未然,愚蠢者临渴掘井。

40 Because of the circuitous and directional flow of waterways, railways often have energy advantage over barges.

由于河道迂回曲折且水流具有方向性,铁路运输对于水运而言,常常具有节能优势。

41. Memory, as time goes on, is a selective thing.

随着时间的流逝,记忆使人忘怀了许多事物。

42. The subversion attempts proved predictably futile.

不出所料,颠覆活动证明毫无效果。

43. The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.

游击队员宁愿战斗到死,而绝不投降。

44. We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.

我们相信,年轻一代不会辜负我们的信任。

45. It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.

他无权签订这种合同。

46. The custom-made object, now restricted to the rich, will be within everyone’s reach.

目前这种订做的产品仅限于有钱人才能享受,而将来人人都能买得起。

47. In the end things will mend.

车到山前必有路。

48. He wanted to learn, to know, to teach.

他想学习,增长知识,也愿意把知识教给别人。

49. These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

这些问题盘根错节,三言两语说不清楚。

50.Rockets have found application for the exploration of the Universe.

火箭已经用于探索宇宙。

51 The irony is that Mrs. Gandhi presides over a nation with a highly promising long-term potential but which is saddled with equally difficult current problems.

颇为耐人寻味的是,从长远的观点来看,甘地夫人掌管的国家是大有希望的,但目前却有着难以克服的困难。

52 She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.

她被没完没了的电话铃声搞得心烦意乱。

53 All the inventors have a restless mind.

所有的发明家都有一个思想活跃的头脑。

54. He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved.

他是一个正直的人,但不幸有某种坏名声。我相信他这种坏名声是不该有的。

55. He lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.

他欺骗了我,使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。

56. Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.

凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。

57. The film actress appeared in all her glory at the ball.

这位女影星在舞会上真是仪态万方。

58. He is always saying the usual polite nothings.

他老是在说那些寻常的客套话。

59 When John was two years old, he was impossible, a typical “Terrible Two”. He was destructive a nd stubborn.

约翰两岁时变得异常调皮,是个不折不扣的“两岁魔王”。他固执,常常损坏东西。

6.0 With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.

凭着我的决心、我的运气,还有许多善良人们的帮助,我终于得以东山再起。

61 The Universe is not rich enough to buy the vote of an honest man.

即使你用天下所有的财富也收买不了一个正直人的选票。

62 It seems that a very difficult decision now faces him.

他好像面临着困难的抉择。

63 Anger and bitterness covered upon me for weeks.

几周来我一直感到生气和伤心。

63 西方人喜外露,中国人喜含蓄。英语经常表态在前,叙事在后;汉语经常相反。英汉对译时,信息重心常需做前后调整。

64 I am very happy to receive your message of greetings.

接到你的贺信,我十分愿意。

65 The two sides found it beneficial to have this opportunity to present to one another their views on a variety of issues.

现在有机会互相介绍彼此对各种问题的观点,对此,双方认为是有利的。

66中华文化以人本为主,西方文化以物本为主体。人本文化以人文为中心,以人生为本位。道家的代表人物老子曾说:“人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然”。而儒家先哲对世界的认识主要不是出于对自然奥秘的好奇,而是出于对现实社会政治和伦理道德的关注。孔子哲学以“仁”“礼”为

中心,“仁”寻求人伦关系规范化,“礼”要求社会有序化。先哲们谈论人生哲学的目的是“究天人之际,通古今之变”,关心的是人道,而非天道,是人生之理,而非自然之性。这种人本文化的长期积淀便形成了汉民族本体型的思维方式。

67而物本文化以物本为主体,以自然为本位。西方人偏重于对自然客体的观察与研究,例如,亚里士多德认为“求知是人类的本性”,培根推崇“知识就是力量”。西方人以认知自然为视觉焦点,崇尚自然、认识自然、探索自然,最终征服自然。主宰宇宙。这种物本文化的长期积淀则形成了西方人客体型的思维模式。

68 两种思维方式在语言上表现为:英语多用无生命的名词作主语,主动和被动两个范畴始终泾渭分明;而汉语常以有生命的名词作主语(或潜在的主语),充分地反映了汉民族重主体意识的思维方式。

69 American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.

托马斯·杰佛逊对美国的教育事业作出了巨大的贡献。

70 Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.

在举行个别交谈之前,我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。

1. What has happened to you?

2. An idea suddenly struck me.

3. American English owes a great deal to Noah Webster, an American lexicographer and writer.

4. Her good work and obedience have pleased her teacher.

1. 你怎么了?

2. 我突然想到了一个主意。

3. 美国词典编纂家及作家诺阿·韦伯斯特对美国英语做出了巨大的贡献。

4. 她学业优良、性情温顺,深得老师喜欢。

71 让世界了解中国,让中国走向世界。

Let the other people of the rest of the world know China. Let China make close contact with the rest of the world.

72 中国人的思维趋向于具象化,而西方人的思维则趋向于抽象化。这种不同的侧重与选择,植根于各自的民族文化土壤之中。中国传统文化的重要特征之一是“尚象”,而西方文化的重要特征之一是“尚思”。中国人“尚象”的文化传统形成了其偏重具象的思维方式。

73 The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments. (= No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。

74 No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work.

对他在工作中表现出来的徇私作风谁都感到不满意。

75Any discourtesy shown to Chinese persons by any official of the Government will be cause for immediate dismissal.

任何政府官员,如果对中国人有任何粗暴行为,必须立即予以开除。

1. A son, a job and housekeeping forced romance out.

2. But there had been too much publicity about my case.

3. The complexity of the human situation and the injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.

4. With the credit card it is unnecessary to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies.

1. 有了儿子,又要工作,又要做家务,就不能卿卿我我了。

2. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨、人人皆知了。

3. 和有些政客们在演讲中愿意公开承认的事实相比,人类生存状态和社会不公正现象目前已经非常复杂,这种复杂性要求社会结构进行根本性改革。

4. 有了这种信用卡,就无需随身携带大量现金,而且在急需用钱时非常有用。

76从意义的表达来看,中国人的传统思维方式总是习惯于整体把握对象,因而汉语在于以上具有较高的整体概括性;而英语思维注重细节分析,在对自然社会的思考中往往把整体加以局部性、具体性分解。但是从英汉语言的语法系统,即外在形态来看,英语的句子往往是以形来统句,一个句子往往是一个支点,其他的部分围绕着这一支点展开,逻辑关系明确,语法条理清晰,构成一个形态的整体;而汉语则是以意辖界,意尽为界,因此有时为了说明一个事情需要许多独立的句子,这些句子围绕一个意义的支点而阐发,形成一个意义整体。

77王力先生曾经说过:“英国人写文章往往化零为整,而中国人则化整为零。”这是从语言的形态而言,不是从语言的意义来说的。汉译时要特别注意整体意义的把握以及英语形态的拆零。

78 The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs, even to run electric motors, is almost unbelievable.

鱼能发电,其电量足以点亮小灯泡,甚至能开动马达,这种想法简直是令人难以相信的。

79The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.

因为距离远,交通工具缺乏,使农村社会与外界隔绝。这种隔绝,由于通讯工具的不足,而变得更加严重。

1. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.

2. Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly get here in the United States.

3. The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.

4. She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the kitchen.

1. 他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。

2. 顺便提一下,与我在美国所能得到的治疗相比,我希望能在这些国家得到更好的治疗。

3. 中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成绩而自豪,这是合乎情理的。

4. 她坐在那儿双手托着下巴,眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。

80从本体论角度来讲,中国人受“易经”哲学的影响,注重整体统一,强调从多归一的思想;而西方人更多地侧重于分析原则,注重逻辑推理,强调由一到多的思想。不同的传统文化的影响,形成了“东方重综合,西方重分析”(季羡林语)的思维习惯。

81中国传统哲学重视人与自然的和谐,视“天人合一”为最高境界,天中有人,人中有天,“天人之际,合二为一”。庄子认为“天地与我并生,万物与我为一”,这种物我不分、物我两忘的诗意境界,是天人同体同德、万物有情的宇宙观。

82 There are several reasons why Kissinger no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.

全世界报界曾经把基辛格渲染成魔术师般的人物,他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象,因为正如他自己愿意承认的,他有一种自大狂的倾向。现在他不再像是这样的人物了,这有几个原因。

1. He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrases.

2. Somebody lied, if he said my life is a happy little tale, or he told you I’m just an ordinary g uy in the world.

3. The theory is of great importance that the hotter the body is, the more energy it radiate.

1. 他感到习语是语言的主要支柱,因此特别主张用生动的短语,他的想法是非常正确的。

2. 如果有人说我的一生是一个喜剧,或者说我只是个普通人,他们都在撒谎。

3. 物体的温度越高,放射的能量越多,这一理论非常重要。

第三单元

1 What you have always wanted until now has been a set, steady, constant purpose. I therefore exhort

you to persevere in a thorough determination to do whatever you have to do as well as you can do it. I was not so old as you are now when I first had to win my food, and do this out of this determination, and I have never slackened in it since.

直到当前为止,你所缺乏的一直是确定的,持续不变的目标。因此我极力劝告你,以坚定的决心去做你必须要做以及你能够做的事情,并坚持到底。我初次必须自食其力(自谋生计)时,年岁还不及你大。我即借着此种决心,迄今从未松懈。

2 Official sanction has not yet been given.

尚未获得正式批准。

3 The British and the French imposed sanctions on Italy in 1935.

英法两国在1935年对意大利实施制裁。

4 He took charge of his failing father and after a time obtained permission for his sister to live with him. Her malady frequently returned, but always with due warning, when brother and sister would be seen walking together to the asylum, both weeping bitterly.

此后,他即照顾风烛残年的父亲,且在一段时间之后,获准自精神病院中将他的姐姐接回与他同住。她的疾病经常复发,所幸皆有征兆,此时人们见到他们姐弟二人相偕走向精神病院,双双泣不成声。

5 Few expected to see so large a man: he is gigantic, a six feet four at least; few expected to see so old a person; his hair appears to have kept silvery record over fifty years; and then there was a notion in the minds of many that there must be something dashing and “fast” in his appearance, whereas his costume was perfectly plain, the expression of his face grave and earnest, his address perfectly unaffected and such as we might expect to meet with in a well-bred man somewhat advanced in years.

很少人预料见到如此高大的一个人:他身材魁梧,身高至少也有六呎四吋。很少人预料见到年纪如此大的一个人,他的头发看起来已花白了五十多年。此外,在很多人的心目中,他的外表必定有些时髦和“放荡”的样子,但是,相反的是他衣着十分朴素,面部的表情严肃而诚挚,他的演讲十分自然,他具有我们可能遇到的年高德劭者的特征。

6 Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.

嗨,亲爱的,你可要知道,朗太太说,租内瑟菲德庄园的是英格兰北边来的一个年轻人,有大笔家当;说他星期一坐了一辆驷马轿车来看了房子,一看就十分中意,马上跟莫里斯先生租妥,说要在米迦勒节以前就搬进去,而且他的几个佣人下个周末就要先住进去了。

7. back

I’ll be back in a couple of days.

It was said that they would back the plan.

It’s the last straw that breaks the camel’s back.

8. popular

a popular man a popular novel a popular price

popular science popular readings

9 regular

regular reading regular job regular flight

regular visitor regular speed regular army

regular gasoline

10. delicate

delicate skin delicate porcelain delicate upbringing

delicate living delicate health delicate stomach

delicate vase delicate diplomatic question delicate difference

delicate surgical operation delicate ear for music delicate sense of smell

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考: 翻译教学和研究的经验表明:翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧,如选词(Diction)、转换(Conversion)、增补(Amplification)、省略(Omission)、重复(Repetition)、替代(Substitution)、变换(Variation)、倒臵(Inversion)、拆离(Division)、缀合(Combination)、阐释(Annotation)、浓缩(Condensation)、重组(Reconstruction),以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法,都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换,也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难,归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此,对比、分析和归纳这些差异,便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译,也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析,人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性,在进行交际时,能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法,以顺应这些差异,防止表达错误,避免运用失当,从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能,《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来,“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”,但同时,“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译,译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的,既是精神的,也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中,经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇,他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述:描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇,也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的,是语言与文化层面的逻辑性,这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说:“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性,而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现,相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象,我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏,因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意,如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意,但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间,迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间,英语与法语的天平有所侧重,在两者的遭遇中,译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思,相反,在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中,他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说:“只有在接触外语时,我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷,因此,只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我,可作一明镜,从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上,与异语文化的接触,有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足,便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养,弥补自身,丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中,纪德亲历了种种障碍,他结合翻译中的具体例证,作了某

英汉翻译基础教程练习问题详解总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances.

自考英汉翻译教程重点-推荐下载

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《英汉翻译课程教学大纲》

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Chapter one 2012-3-27 ?翻译可分为口译interpretation和笔译translation。 ?Interpretation can be divided into two types: one is consecutive interpretation, another is simultaneous interpretation. ?翻译三原则(George Washington Campbell,Alexander Fraser Tytler) 1.原作的意义、意思 2.原作的思想、精神 3.流畅、通顺 ?翻译方法1.直译literal translation 2.意译free translation 3.音译transliteration ?山雨欲来风满楼The coming events cast their shadows before. 才学最差,叫喊最多The worst wheel of a cart creaks most. 与……狼狈为奸hand in glove with… 乱七八糟at sixes and sevens 千载难逢once in a blue moon 路必有弯,势必有转机It is a long lane that has no turning. 家丑不可外扬It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. ?The main principles of TRANSLITERA TION 1.准确读音 2.正确拼写姓名拼写中姓与名要空一格首字母要大写eg. Pu Songling 地名拼写中首字母大写不空格eg. Fujian Guangdong Xi’an 一般来说除地名人名之外其他专有名词英译时首字母要大写如汉Han; 一般名词要小写 3.弄清词源有些词需要追溯到最初发音以利于音译eg.菩萨Bodhisattva 4.约定俗成eg. 孙中山Sun Y at-sen 宋庆龄Soong Ching Ling 陈嘉庚Tan Kah Kee 5.准确回译eg. 纽约New Y ork 6.缩略语复原eg. 闽Fujian 武大Wuhan University Chapter two 2012-3-28 ?The classification of CULTURE 1.物质文化material culture 2.制度文化institutional culture 3.心理文化mental culture ?中英思维方式对比 1.中国人注重伦理,英美人注重认知 2.中国人注重整体、偏重综合性思维;英美人注重个体、偏重分析性思维 3.中国人重直觉,英美人重实证 4.中国人重形象思维,英美人重逻辑思维 Chapter three 2012-3-31 ?词语的指称意义与蕴含意义的对比 1.指称意义是词语在交际过程中所表达的字面的最基本的意义,相当于一种约定俗 成的认知 2.蕴含意义的理解与表达eg:His wife was unfaithful to him, and he became a cuckold. 他老婆红杏出墙,给他戴了顶绿帽子。此处注意红和绿。?词语英译与语言语境 1.根据语言语境确定原文词义:“醉心于……”be engrossed in褒be infatuated with 贬 2.根据语言环境选择译文用词:①Mum gave a book as my birthday present .

(完整版)大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)练习与作业

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省略可以分为名词省略、动词省略和小句省略。例: I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 【译文】我有很多美妙的想法,但是只把少数付诸实践了。 3. 替代 “替代”指用较简短的语言形式替代上文中的某些词语,使行文简练流畅。 (1)名词替代比较常见的是使用one代替前文出现的某个名词。例: Carrie picked out the new abode because of its newness and bright wood—work. It was one of the very new ones supplied with steam heat, which was a great advantage.(Sister Carrie, Dreiser, T) 【译文】嘉莉选中这套新居所,是因为它是新建的,而且房间的木质部分色泽鲜亮,屋里有暖气,这是当时最新的房子才有的。 【分析】原文中,ones替代了abode;译文中,“房子”与其前面的“居所”构成同义词。 (2)动词替代经常是用助动词do的几种形式来代替前文出现的某个动词或动作意义。例: And yet this John Openshaw seems to me to be walking amid even greater perils than did the Sholtos. 【译文】可是在我看来,这个约翰·奥彭肖似乎是正在面临着比舒尔托更大的危险。 【分析】原文中,did替代了walked amid peril;译文中,该处同样进行了省略处理。 (3)小句替代使用指示代词指代前文出现的某一小句或者某一概念。例: “Well, I’ve got twenty-two dollars, but there’s everything to be paid for this

自考《英汉翻译教程》第一章习题答案以及考试重点

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英汉互译教程要略

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汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二.翻译下列句子 (1)这是他们夫妻之间的事情,你去插一脚干吗? That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? (2)别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊! You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. (3)这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. (4)她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. (5)我不敢班门弄斧,诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of(在……面前)an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten(启发,启蒙)us on this matter. (6)敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. (7)敌军军官听说后路已被切断,吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. (8)这些问题盘根错节,三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

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7. tense and anxious 紧张而焦急 8. 五一的下午on the afternoon of May 1st 9. 无言的呼唤wordless cry 10. 探测绳sounding-line Lesson 3 1. 各种流派的different schools 2. 前两天a few days ago 3. 受限制be restricted/be subjected to 4. 传统观念traditional thinking 5. 不合理的制度irrational system 6. 最高境界the highest state 7. 浓妆艳抹heavy make up 8. 主人公chief character/principal character 9. 花言巧语flowery language 10. 社会进步和人性发展social progress and human development Lesson 4 1. 工业革命Industrial Revolution 2. 多功能的机器multi-purpose machine 3. 出于自愿和兴趣on one’s own account, out of interest 4. 新兴城市the rising town 5. 大胆的举止in a bolder manner 6. 实干家practical man

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第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them?

王治奎《大学英汉翻译教程》【笔记课后习题及翻译示例汇总考研真题详解】(文学翻译)

第18章文学翻译 18.1 复习笔记 一、文学翻译的标准 对于文学翻译的要求是,“用另一种语言,把原作的艺术意境传达出来,使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受”。 钱钟书把文学翻译的最高标准概括为一个“化”字。 二、文学翻译的过程 借鉴茅盾的有关解释,把文学翻译过程分为三个阶段: (1) 理解阶段; (2) 印证阶段; (3) 表达阶段。 在表达阶段强调的内容是: (1) 必须使用文学语言; (2) 尽量保持原作风格; (3) 力求内容和形式的辩证统一。 三、文学翻译须使用文学语言 这里仅介绍英文小说翻译的几个侧面:

1. 文学语言具有准确、形象、生动、自然等特征,译者应根据原作的艺术意境和语言特色,在译文里寻找适当的语言形式,使之文情并茂。 Daffodils all along the hedgerow swung like yellow, ruffled birds on their perches. 清风徐徐,沿灌木篱笆旁的水仙花轻轻地摇摆着,颇似栖息的鸟儿掀动着金黄色羽毛。 2. 运用娴熟的汉语,再现人物语言的形象化和个性化,使译文产生“如闻其声,如见其人”的艺术效果。 “Say, some tenderness, that!” This is reference to a smile or a melting glance on the part of a female. “唷,瞧那样多温存!”这说的是一位女性的嫣然一笑,或者回眸传情。 3. 凭借自己的审美体验,深刻理解原作的艺术美,进而形神兼备地再现这种艺术美。 四、加强文学翻译的基本功训练 有兴趣于或有志于从事文学翻译的青年,可在课内外分门别类地选做一些练习,以集中提高某些方面的表述能力。 18.2 课后习题详解 将下列英文译成汉语: 1. One morning, in the fall of 1880, a middle-aged woman, accompanied by a young girl of inquiry as to whether there was anything a- bout the place that she could do. She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and

英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】

《英汉翻译教程》 第一章总论 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 (张培基等1983) 我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有―象胥‖(谓通言语之官)这一名目,唐朝贾公彦所作的《义疏》里提到―译即易,谓换易言语使相解也。‖这条注疏,关于翻译的定义,足以给人不少启发。用现代文艺理论和语言理论,也许可以诠释为:翻译是把一种语言文字换易成另一种语言文字,而并不变更所蕴含的意义,——或用近年流行的术语说,并不变更所传递的信息,——以达到彼此沟通,互相了解的目的。 (罗新璋1984) 一、关于翻译 何谓翻译?关于翻译的定义很多。根据《现代汉语词典》,翻译是―把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来‖。根据《剑桥语言百科全书》,―翻译‖这个中性术语是指将一种语言(―原语‖)里的词句的意思转变为另一种语言(―目的语‖)的意思所做的一切,不论其手段是说话、写字还是做手势。美国著名翻译理论家奈达认为,所谓翻译,是指从语义到语体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。(《奈达论翻译》,1984)有人把翻译看作是一门科学(science),因为它有自身的规律可循;有人看作是一门艺术(art),因为它是译者对原文再创造的过程;也有人看作是一门手艺(craft),因为原语的信息需要用地道恰当的目的语再现。在自动化数据处理中,翻译又被定义为:―将计算机信息从一种语言转换成另一种语言,或将字符从一种表示转换成另一种表示。‖(《现代科学技术词典》上海科学技术出版社1980)凡此种种,不一而足。但是,在经济和文化日益全球化的今天,翻译的重要性是有目共睹的。 翻译是国际间理解的钥匙,据说西欧的文明归功于翻译者(据L·G·凯里1979)。季羡林教授也说,翻译是永葆中华文明青春的万应灵药。前中国驻联合国代表凌青先生说,从中国来讲,没有翻译工作,就没有中国***和中国近代的革命运动,就没有中国成功的对外开放和四个现代化;从世界范围来讲,没有翻译,就没有世界和平,就没有各种国际交往,就没有一个共同繁荣的美好世界的未来。中国加入WTO后,翻译的重要作用就更是不可忽视。经济竞争是在交际中进行,而没有翻译在场,交际就很难进行,交际不成,生意就做不成。因此,翻译的作用,再怎么强调也不过分。 关于翻译的种类可以从下面几个角度来划分: (1)从原语和目的语的角度来看,翻译可分为本族语译为外语,外语译为本族语两大类。 (2)从翻译的手段来看,可分为口译、笔译、手势翻译和机器翻译。

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