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汉语四字成语的翻译技巧

引言.............................................................................................I 摘要.............................................................................................II ABSTRACT.................................................................................III 第一章四字成语的文化背景 (1)

1.1成语的定义 (1)

1.2成语的来源 (3)

1.2.1 成语的语言特征 (4)

1.2.2 成语的文化特征 (4)

1.2.3 成语中体现的中西文化 (5)

第二章成语的翻译策略 (5)

2.1成语的直译 (5)

2．1．1直译的定义和特点 (6)

2．1．2直译的方法技巧 (6)

2．1．3直译的实际运用 (7)

2.2 成语的意译 (7)

2．2．1意译的定义和特点 (7)

2．2．2意译的方法技巧 (7)

2．2．3意译的实际运用 (8)

第三章成语翻译的艺术价值 (9)

结语 (10)

参考文献 (11)

汉语四字成语的翻译技巧

引言

根据一般概念，翻译是将一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达出来的活动，但这个概念仍有它的欠缺之处。它只提及语言的信息，未提及文化的信息。美国的翻译理论家尤金·奈达曾给翻译下过这样的定义:翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最贴切而又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。虽然奈达把翻译扩大到语义和文体两个层面，但仍未提及文化信息的再现。本问拟从文化信息(culture information)在翻译中的再现这个角度加以讨论。

1四字成语的文化背景

1.1成语的定义

1.2成语的来源

1.2.1 成语的语言特征

1.2.2 成语的文化特征

1.2.3成语中体现的中西文化

2成语的翻译策略

2.1成语的直译

2．1．1直译的定义和特点

2．1．2直译的方法技巧

2．1．3直译的实际运用

2.2 成语的意译

2．2．1意译的定义和特点

2．2．2意译的方法技巧

2．2．3意译的实际运用

3成语翻译的艺术价值

结束语

<摘要>

成语是在语言使用过程中形成一种独特的、约定俗成的、具有完整独特意义的语言。其语义并非等同组成成分意义的简单相加，人们很难从个别词义猜出整个成语的含义。那么，如何理解以及如何翻译成语就成为外语学习者面临的一个语言难点，也是外语学习者必须要解决的一个问题。本文就英语成语的来源，以及理解与翻译问题做些初步探讨。

Abstract:Idiom is a language, which forms a kind of particular, accepted through common practice and has its completely meaning in the process of language using. Its meaning is not an easy addition of single word’s meaning, so it is difficult for people to guess the meaning of an English idiom. Therefore, how to understand and translate idiom becomes difficult to foreign language learners. But, foreign language learners must face it and deal with it. This paper is about the source of English idiom, and the translation of English idiom.

<关键词>四字成语，翻译策略，直译，意译。

1四字成语的文化背景

1.1成语的定义

成语是语言中经过长期使用、锤炼而形成的形成的形式简洁而意思精辟的固定词组或短语。它是比词的含义更丰富而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位，而且富有深刻的思想内涵，简短精辟易记易用。并常常附带有感情色彩,包括贬义和褒义.成语多数为四个字，也有三字的以及四字以上的成语，有的成语甚至是分成两部分，中间有逗号隔开。

1.2成语的来源

成语的来源有五个方面：一是神话传说，如夸父逐日和精卫填海；二是寓言故事，如刻舟求剑和狐假虎威；三是历史故事，如负荆请罪和破釜沉舟；四是文人作品，如老骥伏枥和青出于蓝；五是外来文化，如功德无量和火中取栗。

成语大都有一定的出处。如“狐假虎威”出于《战国策·楚策》，“鹬蚌相争”出于《燕策》，“画蛇添足”出于《齐策》，“刻舟求剑”出于《吕氏春秋·察今》，“自相矛盾”出于《韩非子·难势》，都是古代的寓言。如“完璧归赵”出于《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》，“破釜沉舟”出于《史记·项羽本纪》，“草木皆兵”出于《晋书·苻坚载记》，“一箭双雕”出于《北史·长孙晟传》，“口蜜腹剑”出于《唐书·李林甫传》，都是历史上的故事。至于截取古书的文句用为四字成语的更为普遍。如“有条不紊”取自《尚书·盘庚》“若纲在纲,有条而不紊”，“举一反三”取自《论语·述而》“举一隅，不以三隅反，则不复也”，“痛心疾首”取自《左传》成公十三年“斯是用痛心疾首，暱就寡人”，“分庭抗礼”取自《庄子·渔父》“万乘之主，千乘之君，未尝不分庭抗礼”，“奴颜婢膝”取自晋代葛洪《抱朴

子·交际》“以岳峙独立者为涩吝疏拙，以奴颜婢膝者为晓解当世”，“胸有成竹”取自宋代苏轼《文与可画筼筜谷偃竹记》“画竹必先得成竹于胸中”。诸如此类，不胜枚举。其他采用古人文章成句的也为数很多。如“忧心忡忡”出自《诗经·召南·草虫》，“外强中干”出自《左传》僖公十五年，“以逸待劳”出自《孙子·军争》，“水落石出”出自苏轼《后赤壁赋》，“萍水相逢”出自唐代王勃《滕王阁序》，“牢不可破”出自唐代韩愈《平淮西碑》。

1.2.1成语的语言特征

成语的语言比较精练简短，但是意义深长，可以以简短的几个字表达出深刻的含义，是我国文化艺术中的瑰宝。

在人民口里常说的一些四字习用语也可以归入成语里来。如“咬文嚼字”、“拖泥带水”、“阳奉阴违”、“不三不四”、“心直口快”之类,与成语的结构相同。在成语中也有些是接受外来文化而出现的。如“天花乱坠”、“当头棒喝”、“不可思议”、“不二法门”都是。

成语一般都是四字格式，不是四字的较少。如“五十步笑百步”、“欲速则不达”、“醉翁之意不在酒”。成语一般所以用四个字，这与汉语本身句法结构和古汉语以单音词为主有关系。

成语有很大一部分是从古代相承沿用下来的，在用词方面往往不同于现代汉语。其中有古书上的成句，也有从古人文章中压缩而成的词组，还有来自人民口里常说的习用语。有些意义从字面上可以理解，有些从字面上就不易理解,特别是典故性的。如“汗牛充栋”、“虎踞龙蟠”、“东山再起”、“草木皆兵”之类，在汉语成语里占有一定的比例。汉语历史悠久，成语特别多,这也是汉语的一个特点。

1.2.2成语的文化特征

成语在语言中是最具有文化特征的构成部分，可以最充分的体现出创造这种语言体系的民族的文化特征，思维方式和风俗习惯。

汉语成语体系全方位的浓缩着中华民族的历史和传统文化，具有文化言语性，文化百科性，和文化精神性等鲜明的文化特征。

从现代语言学的角度来看，汉语成语是言语性非常显著的特殊语言单位。言语性包含着说或写的行为及其结果，而每一行为和结果都是特殊的，具体的，形象的。与语言的行而上性截然相反。一般言语虽然也来源于言语，但早已脱尽了或至少大大淡化了这种言语的特殊性，个别性及其千丝万缕的外在联系。失去了成语的那种开放性联想和想象的不可缺失的言语性生长点。汉语成语作为语言单位，其言语性特点带来了显著的文化属性，承载着丰富的文化内涵。

汉语成语无所不包，一本成语词典就是一部独特的中国古代史，中国文化史，中国文化百科全书。翻开这部百科全书就像是进入了中华文化的全息空间。“五谷丰登”，“安土重迁”，“青黄不接”等无不是中华传统文化产生和发展的重要基础的农耕经济特点的展示。“学而不厌”，“因才施教”，“金榜提名”等凸显出中国古代教育思想浸润着科举制度下知识分子的酸甜苦辣。“四面楚歌”，“围魏救赵”，“唇亡齿寒”等飘荡着中国社会分合治乱的历史烽烟。深涵着出类拔萃的智慧韬略。“三从四德”，“三纲五常”，“忠孝节义”反映着中国传统习俗礼仪伦理道德。

文化的最基本精神是文化民族性最重要方面。汉语成语最重要的文化特征也在于其体现了中国文化的基本精神。即成语中隐含的具有民族特点的思维方式，以及与这种思维方式密不可分的世界观，审美观及价值观。其主要包括类比思维，辨证思维以及最集中反映中华文化的审美及价值观。

1.2.3成语中体现的中西文化

成语与文化密切相关并来源于生活，无论是英语成语还是汉语成语大多数是从生活实践中提炼出来的，而且还有相当一部分受到本国的历史宗教、民俗和传统理念的影响，其中有一大部分来源于历史典故、历史战争、历史的社会现实以及历史人物。例如：1、Burn one’s boat(破釜沉舟)。公元前49年，恺撤大帝率部过卢比孔河时，下令焚舟，表示其不获胜毋宁死的决心，该英语成语由此而来。而汉语成语“破釜沉舟”来自《史记·项羽本纪》：当年项羽渡过黄河后，下令部下破釜沉船，表示必须打胜仗，无后路可退。所以，这两个成语虽然来源不同，但形象和喻意非常相似，都表达“下定决心，不顾一切干到底”。在翻译时可以互相替代：2、All roads lead to Rome(殊途同归)。条条大路通罗马，英语中用此成语表示从不同的道路走到同一目的地。汉语成语殊途同归出自《周易·系辞下》：“天下同归而殊途，一致而百虑。”所以，两个成语在形象和意义上都十分相似；3、Walls have ears(，隔墙有耳)。据说，法国卢浮宫建造时，有些房间可以互传声音，凯瑟琳王后得以获取了许多国家机密和一些人的密谋计划，该英语成语由此而来。汉语的“隔墙有耳”出自《管子·君臣下》：“古者有二言：墙有耳，伏寇在侧。墙有耳者，微谋外泄之谓也。”所以两个成语都表示“秘密商量事情，被人偷听”。所以我们发现在英汉两种不同的语言中，有很多在形式、意义、比喻、形象和修辞色彩上相近或相似的成语，这类成语虽然有的使用不同的喻体，但表达了基本相同的文化特征。

英汉成语除了来源与历史事件及典故外，还有相当一部分来源于宗教、神话传说和寓言。汉语中有很多这样的成语，例如：“临时抱佛脚”、“塞翁失马”、“毛遂自荐”、“大意失剂州”、“闻鸡起舞”、“卧薪尝胆”等等；而英语中这样的成语更是比比皆是。如，Achilles’heel惟一致命的弱点，cross the Rubicon背水一战，Trojan horse暗藏的敌人或危险等等。当然这其中也有些成语看起来与汉语某些成语相似，但意义却完全不同，或存在细微的差别。例如：to move heaven and earth不是“惊天动地”，而是“干方百计、不遗余力”；wash one’s hand不是“洗手不干”，而是“断绝关系、推托责任”；Roman holiday不是“罗马假日”，而是“欣赏别人受苦的娱乐”；personal remark 不是“个人评论”，而是“人身攻击”等等。中西方文化背景的不同、风俗习惯的不同以及生活环境的不同使得两种语言各自具有独有的。

2.1成语的直译特点

2.1.1成语的直译定义和特点

直译（literal translation）是指不引起联想误会，在保持原文信息的前提下，力求使得译文，与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能趋于一致，译文和原文常用相同的表达形式来体现同样的内容，并且产生同样的效果。特别需要注意的是直译需要既忠实原文内容，又符合原文结构形式。

直译法不仅能够传达成语中所承载的文化信息，而且能够产生较高的文化信息传递的有效度，同时还保留了汉语成语的民族色彩和生动形象，使得英语读者更好的感觉汉语文化。直译充分传播了原语文化，扩大了读者的视野，更有效地促进了交流。这种译法为英语输入了新的表达方式，丰富了英语语言文化。直译法能够保留原文的巧喻及形式，是翻译汉语习语的最好方法之一。但是直译法必须在不违背译文的语法习惯，又不致引起误解的情况下才能使用。采用直译法的习语多半是英语和汉语在比喻和形象方面基本相同的。

2.1.2直译的方法和技巧

中国成语英语翻译大全

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121个常见中文成语的翻译

121个常见中文成语的翻译，精准，实用建昆老师编撰自网络注：红字体接近或符合专业八级翻译难度，蓝字体接近或符合四六级翻译难度 1.爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见（眼见为实）Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace

英语翻译四字成语大全

“四字格”翻译（一）并列关系名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead

汉语四字成语的翻译技巧

目录引言.............................................................................................I 摘要.............................................................................................II ABSTRACT.................................................................................III 第一章四字成语的文化背景 (1) 1.1成语的定义 (1) 1.2成语的来源 (3) 1.2.1 成语的语言特征 (4) 1.2.2 成语的文化特征 (4) 1.2.3 成语中体现的中西文化 (5) 第二章成语的翻译策略 (5) 2.1成语的直译 (5) 2．1．1直译的定义和特点 (6) 2．1．2直译的方法技巧 (6) 2．1．3直译的实际运用 (7) 2.2 成语的意译 (7) 2．2．1意译的定义和特点 (7) 2．2．2意译的方法技巧 (7) 2．2．3意译的实际运用 (8) 第三章成语翻译的艺术价值 (9) 结语 (10) 参考文献 (11)

汉语四字成语的翻译技巧引言根据一般概念，翻译是将一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达出来的活动，但这个概念仍有它的欠缺之处。它只提及语言的信息，未提及文化的信息。美国的翻译理论家尤金·奈达曾给翻译下过这样的定义:翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最贴切而又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。虽然奈达把翻译扩大到语义和文体两个层面，但仍未提及文化信息的再现。本问拟从文化信息(culture information)在翻译中的再现这个角度加以讨论。 1四字成语的文化背景 1.1成语的定义 1.2成语的来源 1.2.1 成语的语言特征 1.2.2 成语的文化特征 1.2.3成语中体现的中西文化 2成语的翻译策略 2.1成语的直译 2．1．1直译的定义和特点 2．1．2直译的方法技巧 2．1．3直译的实际运用 2.2 成语的意译 2．2．1意译的定义和特点 2．2．2意译的方法技巧

《中高级口译教程》里的四字成语翻译汇总

繁衍生息live and multiply/reproduce 改朝换代changes of dynasties 穷兵黩武wantonly engage in military aggression; use all one’s armed might to indulge in wars of aggression 雅俗共赏appeal to both refined and popular tastes 与日俱增increase with each passing day, be steadily on the increase 极目远眺look as far as the eye can see 按资排辈to assign priority according to seniority 求同存异seeking common ground while putting aside differences 流连忘返linger on; be too delighted to leave 乐不思蜀too delighted to be homesick 不屈节操unyielding moral principle 赴汤蹈火go through fire and water 殊死奋战fight desperately; fight to death 可歌可泣moved one to songs and tears 英勇卓绝heroic and splendid 插科打诨comic parts 精微深奥profound and abstruse 博大精深extensive and profound 源远流长run a long history 天下为公The world belongs to all the people. 天下兴亡匹夫有责Every man has a duty to his country. 预防为主prevention first 综合治理comprehensive control/management 全面推进entire/all-round push-on 重点突破breakthrough at key points 亲仁善邻cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness 和睦相处living in harmony with others 强不凌弱The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor. 协和万邦All nations live side by side in perfect harmony. 海纳百川有容乃大One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄embrace everything that is useful 光阴似箭Time flies like an arrow. /How time files! 吃苦耐劳hard work and enduring hardship 勤俭持家run the household industriously and frugally 尊师重教respect teachers and attach importance to education 当务之急urgent; imminent 不谋而合coincide with 莘莘学子students 青春洋溢young 书香浓郁academic/cultural atmosphere 朝气蓬勃充满活力dynamic; vigorous

成语英语翻译大全[1]

成语英语翻译大全爱屋及乌Love me,love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 比上不足，比下有余"worse off than some,better off than many;tofall short of the best,but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜white night 不以物喜，不以己悲not pleased by external gains,not saddenedby personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort;go all out;do one‘s best 不打不成交"No discord,no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new;ring out theold year and ring in the new 大事化小，小事化了try first to make their mistake sound lessserious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one‘s eyes;broaden one‘s horizon;be aneye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough;beyond isas wrong as falling short;too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore,one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate,while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn. 既往不咎let bygones be bygones 金无足赤,人无完人Gold can‘t be pure and man can‘t be perfect. 金玉满堂Treasures fill the home 脚踏实地be down-to-earth 脚踩两只船sit on the fence 君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure ascrystal;a hedge between keeps friendship green 老生常谈，陈词滥调cut and dried,cliché 礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧"Where there is life,there is hope." 马到成功achieve immediate victory;win instant success 名利双收gain in both fame and wealth 茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened 没有规矩不成方圆Nothing can be accomplished without norms orstandards. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one‘s dear onesfar away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dearmost. 谋事在人，成事在天"The planning lies with man,the outcome withHeaven./Man proposes,God disposes." 弄巧成拙be too smart by half;Cunning outwits itself. 拿手好戏masterpiece

汉语成语英语翻译

1.爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 18.和气生财Harmony brings wealth. 19.活到老学到老One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎let bygones be bygones 21.金无足赤人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect. 22.金玉满堂Treasures fill the home. 23.脚踏实地be down-to-earth 24.脚踩两只船sit on the fence 25.君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green 26.老生常谈陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché 27.礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧Where there is life, there is hope. 29.马到成功achieve immediate victory; win instant success 30.名利双收gain in both fame and wealth 31.茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened 32.没有规矩不成方圆Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most. 34.谋事在人成事在天The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes. 35.弄巧成拙be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself 36.拿手好戏masterpiece

四字成语中译英

预防为主prevention first 综合治理comprehensive control/management 全面推进entire/all-round push-on 重点突破breakthrough at key points 亲仁善邻cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness 和睦相处living in harmony with others 强不凌弱，富不侮贫The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor. 协和万邦All nations live side by side in perfect harmony. 海纳百川，有容乃大One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄embrace everything that is useful 光阴似箭Time flies like an arrow. /How time files! 有诺必践Commitment should always be kept. 一如既往unswervingly 和衷共济solidarity; fighting together with one accord 亡国灭种extinction; being conquered and destroyed 万众一心pull together; join hands; make joint efforts; be united as one 浩然气概noble spirit 不屈节操unyielding moral principle 赴汤蹈火go through fire and water 殊死奋战fight desperately; fight to death 可歌可泣moved one to songs and tears 英勇卓绝heroic and splendid 插科打诨comic parts 精微深奥profound and abstruse 博大精深extensive and profound 源远流长run a long history 天下为公The world belongs to all the people.

英语成语翻译大全

爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 比上不足，比下有余"worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜white night 不以物喜，不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one‘s best 不打不成交"No discord, no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 大事化小，小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one‘s eyes; broaden one‘s horizon; be an eye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn. 既往不咎let bygones be bygones 金无足赤,人无完人Gold can‘t be pure and man can‘t be perfect.

汉语成语英译

汉语成语英译汉语成语的定义为：言简意赅、生动万象、比一般词语有着更强的表现力、历来为人们所喜欢用的一种精粹的语言材料。汉语成语结构稳定，绝大部分以四字格形式出现，约占百分之九十七。以四字格为主体的汉语成语不少于一万条，在政治、文艺、科技等文体中都起着极其重要的作用。在汉语翻译中，汉语成语的处理自然是一个不可忽视的问题。以前曾有人把“胸有成竹”翻译成“ have a bamboo in his stomach”，这是事故？还是奇迹？闹了一场不小的笑话。其实，这条成语很难从字面上进行翻译。它出自苏轼原语，意思是说，画家在画竹之前，先必须在脑子里产生竹的形象，比喻在做事之前心里已经有全面的考虑。对这条成语，我们只能译出它的比喻意义：“ to have a well-thought-out plan before doing”，也可用一条意义相等的英语成语来套译：“ to have a card up one’s sleeve”。哪些汉语成语可根据其字面意义翻译？哪些只能翻译比喻意义呐？这完全取决于汉语成语的字面形式和比喻形象能否为译文读者所接受。例如，“胸有成竹”译成“ have a bamboo in his stomach”，不用说外国读者无法理解，就是我们了解汉英两种语言与文化的人也不能接受。因为译文所产生的形象与原文的比喻并不一致。下面的英译按原文的字面翻译，其比喻效果同原文一样生动，译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语。如: 1、打草惊蛇 to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于 wake a sleeping dog) 2、易如反掌 to be as easy as turning over one’s hand (相当于 as easy as falling off log) 3、对牛弹琴 to play the lute to a cow (相当于 cast pearls before swine) 4、画蛇添足 to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于 paint the lily) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语，但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义。如：

英语成语翻译精选

英语成语翻译精选有相当一部分成语可以用英语直接翻译出来，这样非常方便我们记忆。（1）bad egg坏蛋，歹徒。 Trust him nothing；he is a bad egg。别信他，他是个坏蛋。（2）crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪，假慈悲。 Don’t weep crocodile tears with his misfortune. I know you have always detested him and are only too happy to see him get into trouble。别假惺惺地为他的不幸难过了，我知道你一直讨厌他，看到他倒霉，心里可高兴哩！（3）cry wolf呼喊“狼来了”，发假情报。 That politician cries wolf in every speech he makes。那个政治家在他的每篇演说中都发假警报。（4）（that is）easier said than done说起来容易做起来难。 Easier said than done，let’s pay more attention to practice.

说起来容易做起来难，让我们多注意些实践吧！（5）fish in troubled waters混水摸鱼，乘人之危。 He’s always been good at fishing in troubled waters; he made a lot of money by buying houses that were bombed in the war.他总是善于乘人之危大捞一把，他靠购买在战争中遭过轰炸的房屋而赚了大量的钱财。（6）fish out of water离水之鱼，不得其所。 She felt like a fish of water at the evening party because she knew no one. 她在晚会上感到很局促，因为她一个人也不认识。（7）gives someone an inch and he will take an ell得寸进尺。 If you give those people an inch，they’ll take an ell；we told them they might use our side path to reach their garden，now they have fenced in the path so that we cannot use it ourselves.那些人就是得寸进尺；我们对他们说，他们可以经过我们的小道进他们的花园，现

中级口译常见四字成语翻译

《中高级口译教程》中的四字格整理了一下。供各位备战学友参考。繁衍生息 live and multiply/reproduce 改朝换代 changes of dynasties 穷兵黩武wantonly engage in military aggression; use all one’s armed might to indulge in wars of aggression 雅俗共赏 appeal to both refined and popular tastes 与日俱增 increase with each passing day, be steadily on the increase 极目远眺 look as far as the eye can see 按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority 求同存异 seeking common ground while putting aside differences 流连忘返 linger on; be too delighted to leave 乐不思蜀 too delighted to be homesick 不屈节操 unyielding moral principle 赴汤蹈火 go through fire and water 殊死奋战 fight desperately; fight to death 可歌可泣 moved one to songs and tears 英勇卓绝 heroic and splendid 插科打诨 comic parts 精微深奥 profound and abstruse 博大精深 extensive and profound 源远流长 run a long history 天下为公 The world belongs to all the people. 天下兴亡匹夫有责 Every man has a duty to his country. 预防为主 prevention first 综合治理 comprehensive control/management 全面推进 entire/all-round push-on 重点突破 breakthrough at key points 亲仁善邻 cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness 和睦相处 living in harmony with others 强不凌弱 The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor. 协和万邦 All nations live side by side in perfect harmony. 海纳百川有容乃大 One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄 embrace everything that is useful 光阴似箭 Time flies like an arrow. /How time files! 吃苦耐劳hard work and enduring hardship 勤俭持家 run the household industriously and frugally 尊师重教 respect teachers and attach importance to education 当务之急 urgent; imminent 不谋而合 coincide with 莘莘学子 students 青春洋溢 young

四字成语中译英

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 四字成语中译英预防为主综合治理全面推进重点突破亲仁善邻和睦相处prevention first comprehensive control/management entire/all-round push-on breakthrough at key points cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness living in harmony with others The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich 强不凌弱，富不侮贫 should not bully the poor. 协和万邦All nations live side by side in perfect harmony. One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast海纳百川，有容乃大because it admits hundreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄光阴似箭有诺必践一如既往和衷共济亡国灭种万众一心浩然气概不屈节操赴汤蹈火殊死奋战可歌可泣英勇卓绝插科打诨精微深奥博大精深源远流长天下为公 embrace everything that is useful Time flies like an arrow. /How time files! Commitment should always be kept. unswervingly solidarity; fighting together with one accord extinction; being conquered and destroyed pull together; join hands; make joint efforts; be united as one noble spirit unyielding moral principle go through fire and water fight desperately; fight to death moved one to songs and tears heroic and splendid comic parts profound and abstruse extensive and profound run a long history The world belongs to all the people. 1/ 6

中国成语的英语经典翻译

（一）并列关系名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益 draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安 the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和 the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊 bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返 linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation

汉语四字成语英文翻译

一）并列关系名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences

汉语四字成语的翻译技巧

中国成语英语翻译大全

121个常见中文成语的翻译

英语翻译四字成语大全

汉语四字成语的翻译技巧

《中高级口译教程》里的四字成语翻译汇总

成语英语翻译大全[1]

汉语成语英语翻译

最新英语翻译四字成语大全

四字成语中译英

英语成语翻译大全

汉语成语英译

英语成语翻译精选

中级口译常见四字成语翻译

四字成语中译英

中国成语的英语经典翻译

汉语四字成语英文翻译

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