专业四级-508

专业四级-508

(总分：140.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、PART Ⅰ DICTATION(总题数：1，分数：15.00)

1.Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the ,waning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.

Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.

Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the ,waning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.

Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.

（分数：15.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：[听力原文]

Environmental Pollution

Environmental pollution is a term that refers to all the ways by which man pollutes his surrounding. Man dirties the air with gases and smoke, poisons the water with chemicals and other substances, and damages the soil with too many fertilizers and pesticides. Man also pollutes his surroundings in various other ways. For example, people ruin natural beauty by scattering junk and litter on the land and in the water. They operate machines and motor vehicles that fill the air with disturbing noises Nearly everyone causes pollution in some way. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing mankind today. Badly polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine lives. Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land available for growing food. Environmental pollution also brings ugliness to man's naturally beautiful world.

二、PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)

三、SECTION A CONVERSATIONS(总题数：3，分数：10.00)

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the conversation.

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the conversation.

（分数：4.00）

(1).Which of the following major is NOT popular in the job market?（分数：1.00）

A.Accounting major.

B.Engineering major.

C.Science major. √

D.Finance major.

解析：[听力原文]1-4

W: Russ, it's good to see you.

M: Good morning, Vera. Nice to see you.

W: So the job market is good, ha? M: It's very good. Employers planned to hire about 14% more grads this year than last, a very good time to be an accounting major, engineering major, finance major, but really the demand is across the board. It's the best job market we've seen in 4 or 5 years.

W: And what do you attribute this hiring surge to?

M: Ah, largely a reflection of the economic conditions. Corporate growth of course has been good, corporate profits arc strong, so companies feel more comfortable hiring. As you know, the entry-level market is most sensitive to the economic conditions.

W: Right.

M: Conditions are good; hiring is on the up.

W: What about, what about starting salaries? Are they higher this year than years past?

M: Those are very good as well. You, ah, there are up about 6 percent more this year than last with the average starting salary at a whopping 46,000 dollars. And you can do better than that, if you're engineering major or looking at potentially 50 -55 thousand dollars to start, perhaps even the signing bonuses are making a comeback as well.

W: Hmm. You've got some advice, er, for college grads as they're looking for a job. The first thing you say is do not rely on the Internet. Why?

M: Don't rely ,on the Internet as your only job searching strategy. It's fine if it's a component of the strategy, but should not be your only strategy, because only about 20 percent of the jobs are advertised in any public medium and only about 5 percent of the job seekers actually end up getting a job through an advertisement. So your best job searching tool, networking, word of mouth, getting the "no word" out there.

W: Yeah, that's a good point.

(2).According to the man, what contributes to booming of job market?（分数：1.00）

A.There will be more graduates this year.

B.Economy is soaring. √

C.Starting salaries are raised.

D.Job searching tools are greatly advance

解析：

(3).What is the average starting salary this year?（分数：1.00）

A.$46,000 √

B.$50,000

C.$55,000

D.$56, 000

解析：

(4).Which of the following statements is true as to job searching tools?（分数：1.00）

A.The Internet is the most important way in job hunting.

B.Although networking is an efficient way to find a job, it is by no means the only strategy to be adopted. √

C.Few people get themselves a job by reading advertisements on the Internet.

D."No word" is also one of the job seeking strategies.

解析：

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the conversation.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the conversation.

（分数：3.00）

(1).According to the man, he used to be ______.（分数：1.00）

A.quite slim

B.on diet

C.extremely overweight √

D.doing exercises to lose weight

解析：[听力原文]5-7

M: One thing you listeners don't know about me is that I used to weigh an incredible three hundred pounds. Ever since I started the Moment of Science Weight Loss Program, though, I've Been slimming and trimming until i'm now in the spectacular shape you see today.

W: Don't... you look the same as you always have.

M: Well, OK. But I 60 fidget.

W: You fidget? What does fidgeting have to do with weight?

M: Maybe a lot! Researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota did some experiments to try to figure out why some people gain weight more than others do.

W: Boy, I can relate to that. Some people can eat whatever they want and they never seem to gain a pound.

M: In this study, volunteers were given a thousand extra calories a day —about two cheeseburger's worth of extra intake.

W: This kind of study I'd like to be in!

M: Well, anyway, they also wore special devices that recorded how much they moved — you know, walking up and down steps. Everybody gained weight, but some people gained much less than others. The culprit? Fidgeting.

W: You mean just drumming your fingers or scratching your neck or something?

M: Any motion takes energy to perform. And little motions like rearranging things on your desk or stretching your hack, if you do them all the time, start to add up. We generally only think of large motions, like exercise, as burning calories. But people who have the fidgets may be doing

a slow, steady burn all day long.

(2).As to the experiments taken at the Mayo Clinic, which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）

A.Each volunteer took the same amount of food with about 1000 calories.

B.Volunteers had to wear special devices to record their weight.

C.It turned out that those who had more walking up and down stairs gained much less weight than others.

D.In the experiment every volunteer gained weight. √

解析：

(3).What does the conversation suggest be the most effective way of burning calories?（分数：

1.00）

A.Having the fidgets. √

B.Doing more physical exercises.

C.Eating law calory food.

D.None of thes

解析：

Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the conversation.

Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the conversation.

（分数：3.00）

(1).Food is important in our life, but it will not affect ______.（分数：1.00）

A.how clearly we think

B.how actively we think √

C.how stressful we are

D.how happy we are

解析：[听力原文]8-10

W: I'm very curious about this: are there foods that do actually have like, happy chemicals? M: Oh, absolutely. You know, how we feel, how we cope with stress, how we think, how clearly we think, are all directly affected by the foods that we eat.

W: OK, we actually went out to ask people what foods they ate in order to make themselves happy. And many people take chocolate as their happy food, while some may prefer pizza.

M: OK, me too. Pizza would be my happy food. But those aren't the foods that actually make you happy. You know, both of those are part of it. But there are foods that really directly affect our brain with certain chemicals. So fish is really a big happy food. It's got protein, omega three fats, vitamin D, all of those help raise our neural chemistry that makes us feel happy. Potatoes, cereals, great carps that actually get the protein into the brain. Fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products all are great for raising mood. And crunchy foods, like popcorn, those are fabulous for making us happy.

W: Why? Why?

M: The actual chewing mechanism raise levels in the brain. So combining all these together, creating wonderful combinations of fish tacos or you know, I think potatoes with chili on top of it, they are great combinations.

W: OK, you got a happy dinner, right?

M: Yeah, yeah.

W: OK, let's talk about stressed out food, food that you do tend to eat when you're stressed. M: When I'm stressed, I eat anything salty. Popcorn, thing's like that, a pie, a chocolate. And I usually

go over some kind of drink.

W: OK, drink, that's a good solution. Well, what are the real stress busters?

M: Well, healthy fats, believe it or not. They are great for coping with stress. Wonderful. So, avocados, nuts, seeds.

W: That's why I'm having avocados when I'm stressed out.

M: Yes, great stress buster, peanuts, peanut butter, and again, dairy foods are great. They help reduce stress. They help to decrease anxiety and anger. So again, combinations, getting protein and vitamin B6, slim beef, turkey, make yourself a turkey sandwich, and ... Yes, absolutely.

(2).According to the speaker, which of the following food can make us happy?（分数：1.00）

A.Pizza.

B.Chocolate.

C.Pie.

D.Popcorn. √

解析：

(3).What kind of food combinations is suggested as the most effective to decrease stress?（分数：1.00）

A.Turkey sandwich. √

B.Potatoes with chili.

C.Bread and butter.

D.Bread and milk.

解析：

四、SECTION B PASSAGES(总题数：3，分数：10.00)

Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the passage.

Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the passage.

（分数：3.00）

(1).Why do most students buy meal contracts?（分数：1.00）

A.They are free to have their meals any time for their convenience in the dorm kitchens.

B.They have more choices of eating at any cafeterias rather than being limited in the small dorm kitchens. √

C.They can eat in Darney dining-hall during the vacation time.

D.They can eat as much food as they want with the meal contracts.

解析：[听力原文]11-13

Before we get to the student center, I'd like to show you Darney hall, one of the five co-ed undergraduate residence halls of the university. Just next to it is Darney dining-hall. Since there are only a few small kitchens in the dorms, most students buy meal contracts, which entitle them to twenty meals a week at any of the cafeterias. With the exception Of Sunday evenings and vacation breaks, dining-halls like Darney are open every day for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Students simply present their meal tickets at the door and go through the line, helping themselves to as much food as they want. While dietitians work hard to offer students a nutritious and well-balanced diet, many of your young men and women claim that Darney food, like most dorm food, leaves much to be desired. However, there are certain times, especially around Thanksgiving and Christmas, when the dining-hall staff goes all out preparing seasonal specialties, together with steak and seafood. These dinners are always exceptional and well attended. But regardless of what cooking, Darney is a good place to get together with friends and to meet new people, as is the student center which is coming up on our right.

(2).What is the open time in Darney dining-hall?（分数：1.00）

A.It is open for 24 hours every day except Sundays.

B.It is open during dinner time every weekday except vacation breaks.

C.It is open every day except .Sundays and vacation breaks.

D.It is open every day except Sunday evenings and vacation breaks. √

解析：

(3).Which of the following statement is INCORRECT as to the description of Darney dining-hall?（分数：1.00）

A.It provides students with nutritious and balanced diet.

B.It is desirable to enjoy a variety of delicious food in Darney. √

C.During Thanksgiving and Christmas, special seasonal foods are prepared for the students.

D.It is a good place to meet people and have assembly with friends.

解析：

Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the passage.

Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the passage.

（分数：4.00）

(1).What topic does the speaker explain in details?（分数：1.00）

A.American individualism.

B.Americans' attitude toward privacy. √

C.Personal values in Americans.

D.Professional values in Americans.

解析：[听力原文]14-17

Certain phrases one commonly bears among Americans capture their devotion to individualism: "Do your own thing." "I did it my way." "You'll have to decide that for yourself." "YOU made your bed, now lie in it." "If you don't look out for yourself, no one else will." "Look out for number one." Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is the importance Americans assign to privacy. Americans assume that people need some time to themselves or some time alone to think about things or recover their spent psychological energy. Americans have great difficulty understanding foreigners who always want to be with another person who dislike being alone. Americans assume that people will have their private thoughts that might never be shared with anyone. Doctors, lawyers, psychologists, and others have rules governing confidentiality that are intended to prevent information about their clients' personal situations from becoming known to others. Americans' attitude about privacy can be hard for foreigners to understand. Americans' houses, yards and even offices can seem open and inviting. Yet in the minds of Americans, there are boundaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross. When those boundaries are crossed, an American's body will visibly stiffen and his manner will become cool and aloof.

(2).Which of the reasons is NOT mentioned for Americans' inclination to privacy?（分数：1.00）

A.They need time to work out things about themselves.

B.They get refreshed on their mental status.

C.They sometimes want to be isolated from the community. √

D.They have something that would not be shared with others.

解析：

(3).What does the speaker say about doctors and lawyers?（分数：1.00）

A.They should prevent their clients' personal information from being known by others. √

B.They are not entitled to getting any personal information about their clients.

C.Although they hold the rights of learning personal situations of the clients, they are not imposed to keep confidentiality.

D.They are not allowed to publicize the clients' personal situation without legal permission of the party.

解析：

(4).How would an American react if his personal boundaries are crossed?（分数：1.00）

A.He would be irritated and become very aggressive.

B.He would be angry but try to control his temper and calm down.

C.He would become frigid and inhospitable. √

D.He would feel greatly ashamed and behave embarrassedly.

解析：

Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the passage.

Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the passage.

（分数：3.00）

(1).What does the speaker say about the ocean's level of saltiness?（分数：1.00）

A.The level of saltiness in the ocean is extraordinarily high.

B.The average level of salinity in the ocean is higher than that of inland lakes.

C.Salt has been gradually accumulating in the ocean, which leads to a rise in oceanic salinity level. √

D.Salt has accumulated very quickly at the early stage of life formation, then this process gradually slow down.

解析：[听力原文]18-20

Scientists believe that when the oceans were young, they contained only a trace of salt, and that the level of salinity has been going up gradually. Over the years, rains have been wearing away the reek mantle of the continent. Minerals released by these erosion have been carded to the sea by the flow of river water. This water adds several billions tons of salt to the ocean annually. There are other sources of oceanic salinity too; one source is underwater volcanic action. These eruptions occurred along the mid-ocean ridge and release great amount of salt into the sea each year. However, these sources don't increase the actual mineral composition of the water by much because the enormous chemical requirements of marine life. Oysters, clams, snails and other mollusk use salt to build shells and skeletons. Coral reefs also consume large amount of salt. Also, some salt leaves the ocean through the process of evaporation. As salts escape into the atmosphere, they go into the creation of rain drops, this is why the coast receives more rain. Salt exists in the atmosphere near the ocean, thereby attracting the increased moisture and producing rain.

(2).What is one of the sources of the oceanic salinity?（分数：1.00）

A.Erosion of rock mantle. √

B.Volcanic eruption near coastal area.

C.Dead bodies of marine life.

D.Evaporation of rain water.

解析：

(3).According to the speaker, why do coastal areas receive more rain than inland region?（分数：1.00）

A.Ocean water makes the areas moisturous.

B.Salts escape from the ocean to create rain drops in the air. √

C.Water evaporates to form cloud in the atmosphere, which helps to produce rain.

D.High salinity level increases evaporation and condensation so as to create more rain.

解析：

五、SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST(总题数：5，分数：10.00)

Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the news.

Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the news.

（分数：3.00）

(1).Which is NOT one of the sources from which FBI could get customer information?（分数：1.00）

A.Telephone companies.

B.Internet service providers.

C.Census bureaus. √

D.Financial institutions.

解析：[听力原文]21-23

The report by the Justice Department's inspector general says the FBI improperly and at times illegally abused its power when it demanded and received customer information from telephone companies, Internet service providers and financial institutions in the course of terrorism and espionage investigations. The report found that the FBI misused the authority contained in what are called National Security Letters to compel the release of private information without getting prior approval from a judge or a grand jury. The use of the letters as an investigative tool has expanded dramatically' since the 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. The inspector general's report found 26 possible violations by the FBI and said 22 of those would result from errors by the bureau. Already two House Committees have announced they will hold hearings on the FBI violations.

(2).What did FBI use as an investigative tool?（分数：1.00）

A.National Security Bills.

B.National Security Letters. √

C.U.S. Code.

D.Human Rights Bills.

解析：

(3).How many cases of violation prove a false result?（分数：1.00）

A.22 √

B.24

C.26

D.28

解析：

Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the news.

Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the news.

（分数：2.00）

(1).What will the workers do to protest reduced wages?（分数：1.00）

A.Go on strike. √

B.Have a public demonstration.

C.Fight against governmental forces.

D.Hold anti-government rally.

解析：[听力原文]24-25

A two-day general strike is beginning in Zimbabwe led by Trade Unions angry over low wages and deteriorating economic conditions. Officials of Zimbabwe's main labor group, the Congress of Trade

Unions, say they expect thousands of workers will not go to work to protest wages that have been reduced in value by inflation to a few dollars per month. But they say they arc not planning any public demonstrations Tuesday or Wednesday in order to avoid clashes with police. The government has accused the opposition Movement for Democratic Change of being behind the strike and says police will be deployed in major cities to ensure that those who wish to work eau do so. The secretary general of one faction of the MDC says Zimbabwe's economic problems are the reason for the recent political unrest. Wages have been eroded by Zimbabwe's 1,700 percent annual inflation rate. The economy is also beset by food shortages, high unemployment and falling production. Political tensions have been heightened since police arrested and beat several dozen opposition leaders who were trying to hold an anti-government rally three weeks ago.

(2).What is NOT described as the economic trouble that traps Zimbabwe?（分数：1.00）

A.Inflation.

B.Food shortages.

C.Falling consumption. √

D.High unemployment.

解析：

2. Question 26 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.

Now, listen to the news.

Question 26 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.

Now, listen to the news.

A French nun is said to create a miracle of ______.（分数：1.00）

A.curing Parkinson disease

B.curing a deadly cancer

C.being cured of Parkinson disease √

D.being cured of a deadly cancer

解析：[听力原文]

Vatican officials say Pope John Paul II will move a step closer to sainthood next week when the Vatican is presented with evidence of what's been described as the miraculous cure of a French nun who is said to have been cured of Parkinson's disease. The nun, so far unnamed, suffered from the same disease as John Paul himself. She will be in Rome for the second anniversary of his death when the file is handed over to a Vatican body to determine whether the late pope can be beatified. Questions 27 to 29 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the news.

Questions 27 to 29 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now, listen to the news.

（分数：3.00）

(1).Where did U. S. Secretary of State paid a visit to?（分数：1.00）

A.China.

B.Kuwait. √

C.Indonesia.

D.Russi

解析：[听力原文]27-29

U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates are to brief President Bush today on their trips this week to the Middle East. The meeting will take place at the President's retreat outside Washington. Rice's trip to the Middle East, Germany and Britain was aimed at reviving Israeli-Ralestinian peace efforts and gaining support for the U. S. security plan for Iraq. In Kuwait, she won support from moderate Arab nations for a U.S. plan to send more troops to stabilize Iraq. Gates made a previously unannounced visit Friday to southern Iraq and met with U.S. and coalition military commanders.

(2).What was one of the aims of Rice's international trip?（分数：1.00）

A.Meeting U.S. and coalition military commanders.

B.Starting a new round of negotiation between Israel and Palestine.

C.Winning support for the security plan in Iraq. √

D.Ameliorating the relationship between U. S. and Arab nations.

解析：

(3).What was Arab nations' attitude toward the U. S. plan of sending more troops to Iraq?（分数：1.00）

A.Wrathful.

B.Indifferent.

C.Supportive. √

D.Not mentione

解析：

3. Question 30 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.

Now, listen to the news.

Question 30 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.

Now, listen to the news.

Which of the following statements is true as to Sri Lankan asylum seekers?（分数：1.00）

A.The asylum seekers were stopped by Australian Navy this week.

B.The asylum seekers were stopped while traveling from Australia to Indonesia.

C.The asylum seekers were allowed to land the continent.

D.The asylum seekers would not be sent back home if they are at risk of persecution. √

解析：[听力原文]

Australia has said that it won't send a group of Sri Lankan asylum seekers back to their home country if they are 'at risk of persecution. The 83 Sri Lankan Tamil men were intercepted by the Australian Navy last week on their way to Australia from Indonesia. Australia has a policy of keeping potential asylum seekers away from the mainland and now has to decide whether to send them back to Indonesia, to Sri Lanka or to an offshore processing camp in the South Pacific. Sri Lanka says the men have no reason to fear being repatriated.

六、PART Ⅲ CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

Today, the world wide web can be used both to (31) information and to make it (32) to others. Information (33) on webpages is viewed (34) means of browser. The sources of information linked in this way can be located on any computer (35) is also part of the web. Each information source (36) to an indefinite number of other webpages. Hypertext and hyperlinks allow users acting as receivers of information to (37) from one source of information to (38) , (39) for themselves which information they wish to (40) to their browser and which links they want to (41) .

The addresses of webpages can be found by using the many hundreds of general and specialized search engines which provide (42) to databases which hold information on them. Once a webpage has been found, hyperlinks may point (43) other places of interest on the web. Addresses of webpages also (44) in other more conventional media, such as magazines, newspapers and television programs, and on posters. Webpages, in their (45) , facilitate access to information made available by other (46) of media, for example, collections held in libraries or programs broadcast on television. Most webpages offer interactive opportunities which go (47) merely allowing visitors freedom as to when and how they visit a page and where they might choose to go next. Feedback can be kept formal via a questionnaire which can be filled (48) , or (49) by providing an address for e-mail or even by installing a digital guest book for comments left for other users to read. Although all webpages are protected (50) unauthorized visitors cannot make unsolicited changes to them, it is also possible to limit access to pages on the Internet to those holding a password.

（分数：20.00）

A.achieve

B.retrieve √

C.receive

D.perceive

解析：词义辨析题之近形词。此处指“找回，寻回”，句意为“万维网既可以用于寻找信息，也可以将信息提供给他人。”故选B。achieve指“完成、达到”；receive指“收到、接受”；perceive指“察觉、感知”。

A.attainable

B.acquirable

C.available √

D.obtainable

解析：词义辨析题之近义词。available指“可得到的，可利用的”，make sth．available to sb．指“将某物提供给某人”，与句意相符。

A.displays

B.displaying

C.displayed √

D.being displayed

解析：语法结构题。此处应用display的过去分词形式，引领分词短语displayed on webpages，作为名词information的后置定语，其中display和information之前为被动关系。

A.in

B.for

C.by √

D.with

解析：词组短语题。means是单复同形的名词，表示“方法、手段”。by means of是“通过……方法，依靠……”的意思，与句意“网页上的信息可以通过浏览器阅读”相符。

A.that √

B.what

C.as

D.it

解析：语法结构题。that此处引导定语从句修饰先行词computer，句意为“通过这种方式连接的信息资源可以在任何一台与网络相连的计算机上获得”。

A.may linked

B.may be linked √

C.may have been linked

D.may be linking

解析：语法结构题。这里应使用一般现在时的被动语态，故答案为may be linked。

A.stray

B.stroll

C.ramble

D.wander √

解析：词义辨析题之近义词。这里使用wander，意为“漫游，漫步”，句意为“超文本以及超链接使得用户可以作为信息的接收者从一个信息资源转移到另一个资源”。

A.other

B.the other

C.another √

D.others

解析：语法结构题。由句意可知此处指“下一个，另一个”，选择another。

A.deciding √

B.determining

C.confirming

D.concluding

解析：篇章逻辑题之篇章语义。此处作“决定”之意讲，句意为“互联网用户在网上四处游逛，同时决定浏览哪些内容”。

A.transit

B.transmit

C.transfer √

D.transact

解析：词义辨析题之近形词。transfer常与to连用，指“迁移，调任，转移”，一般包含空间上的转移之意，与句意相符。transit意为“通过、经过”；transmit意为“传输、传送”；transact意为“办理、交易”。

A.skip √

B.skim

C.slip

D.scan

解析：词义辨析题之近形词。skip在本文中的含义为“故意遗漏、漏掉”，指用户刻意跳过的链接。skim 指“撇去”；slip指“滑倒”；scan指“浏览”。

A.assess

B.access √

C.excess

D.process

解析：词义辨析题之近形词。access to指“途径、通道”，与句意“网页地址可以通过上百种普通或专业的搜索引擎获得，这些搜索引擎可以提供各种信息数据库的路径”相符。

A.at

B.on

C.to √

D.of

解析：词组短语题。point to意为“指向”，与句意相符。point at一般有“指向某一特定点”之意。

A.appeared √

B.occurred

C.happened

D.emerged

解析：词义辨析题之近义词。appear指“出现、公开”，本句意为“网页地址也在诸如杂志、报纸、电视节目以及宣传海报等传统媒体上公布”。

A.order

B.tam √

C.sequence

D.round

解析：词组短语题。in one's turn指“依次、轮流”，与句意“网页反过来也使得其他媒介提供的信息更容易被用户获得”相符。

A.formats

B.forms √

C.patterns

D.shapes

解析：词义辨析题之近义词。此处指其他传媒形式，应使用other forms of media。format指“版式、格式”；pattern指“模范、式样”；shape指“外形、形态”。

A.above

B.beyond √

C.farther

D.away

解析：词组短语题。go beyond指“超出、超越”，与句意“大多数网页为用户提供互动的机会，让那些访问的人在自主决定什么时候，用什么方式来访问网页，以及下一步点击哪里之外，还能有更多选择”相符。

A.up

B.on

C.out √

D.over

解析：词组短语题。fill...out表示“填写”，与句意相符。fill...up意为“填满”。

A.official

B.authoritative

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7c7258528.html,rmal √

D.abnormal

解析：篇章逻辑题之篇章语义。此处的informal与上文的formal构成反意关系，意思是“用户反馈除了通过填写问卷这种正式形式之外，也可以通过提供电子邮件地址或供其他用户阅读的电子留言等非正式途径实现”。

A.in that

B.all that

C.now that

D.so that √

解析：篇章逻辑题之逻辑衔接。so that表示结果，本句意为“虽然所有的网页都受到保护从而使未授权的游客不能主动对其进行修改，但也可能使得互联网上的网页资源仅限于那些拥有密码的用户”。

七、PART Ⅳ GR AMMAR AND VOCABULARY(总题数：30，分数：30.00)

4.John D. Rockefeller,______, owned 90 percent of all American oil refineries.

（分数：1.00）

A.as still a young man

B.while still a young man √

C.a young man however

D.in spite of a young man

解析：状语从句。此处应该是一个表示让步语气的状语从句，从句中省略了主语和系动词，连接词应选择while。

5.She gave ______ directions about the way the rug should be cleaned.

（分数：1.00）

A.explicit √

B.brisk

C.transient

D.opaque

解析：形容词辨析。explicit意为“清楚的、直率的”；brisk意为“敏锐的、活泼的”；transient意为“短暂的、瞬时的”；opaque意为“不透明的、迟钝的”。explicit符合句意。

6.I am sure he is up to the job ______ he would give his mind to it.

（分数：1.00）

A.if only √

B.in case

C.until

D.unless

解析：状语从句。根据句意判断，此处是一个条件状语从句，in case意为“万一”，until意为“直到”，unless意为“除非”，只有if only表示“只要”，符合上下文语义，故为正确答案。

7.You should have put the milk in the icebox; I expect it ______ undrinkable by now.

（分数：1.00）

A.became

B.had become

C.has become √

D.becomes

解析：动词时态。should have done表示过去应该做却没有做之事；by now这个时间状语说明应该使用现在完成时。

8.It's reported that by the end of the month the output of cement in the factory ______ about 10%.

（分数：1.00）

A.will have risen √

B.has risen

C.will be rising

D.has been rising

解析：动词时态。从by the end of the month这个时间状语来看，本句时态应为将来完成时。

9.George wasn't in class today. Professor Brown excused him ______.

（分数：1.00）

A.from attending

B.of attending √

C.to attend

D.attending

解析：非谓语动词。excuse sb. from doing sth．意为“同意免除，同意免做”。前一个句子讲乔治没有上课，根据句意，答案应为A。

10.France's ______ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.

（分数：1.00）

A.assumption

B.consumption

C.presumption

D.resumption √

解析：游行。名词辨析。assumption意为“假定、设想”；consumption意为“消费、消耗”；presumption 意为“假定、假设”；resumption意为“恢复、重获”，根据句意正确答案为D。

11.He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. ______he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.

（分数：1.00）

A.What little √

B.So much

C.How much

D.So little

解析：名词性从句。what引导名词性从句作句子的主语，连接代词what作know的宾语。

12.When travelling, you are advised to take travellers' checks, which provide a secure______ to carrying your money in cash.

（分数：1.00）

A.substitute

B.selection

C.preference

D.alternative √

解析：名词辨析。substitute指“代用品”；selection指“选择、挑选”；preference指“偏爱、优先选择”；alternative指“二中择一、可供选择的办法”。此处表示替代现金的方法，而不是现金的替代品，故正确答案为D。

13.Dozens of scientific groups ail over the world have been ______ the goal of a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.

（分数：1.00）

A.pursuing √

B.chasing

C.reaching

D.winning

解析：动词辨析。pursue意为“追赶、继续、从事”；chase意为“追赶、追逐”；reach意为“达到、延伸”；win意为“获胜、赢得”。pursue the goal of…意为“追求……的目标”，故答案为A。

14.A safety analysis ______ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.

（分数：1.00）

A.would identify

B.will identify

C.would have identified √

D.will have identified

解析：虚拟语气。unfortunately提示前后两个分句的内容相反，后面分句确定基本时态为过去时，因此前面的句子是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

15.It is up to the government to tackle the air pollution problem and ______ measures in line with the council's suggestions.

（分数：1.00）

A.set about

B.work out √

C.fill up

D.bring over

解析：词组和固定搭配。set about意为“开始、着手”；work out意为“设计出、做出”；fill up意为“填补、装满”；bring over意为“使相信；说服”。work out measures指“制定政策措施”，符合题意。

16.He spoke so ______ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.

（分数：1.00）

A.bluntly

B.convincingly √

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

解析：副词辨析。bluntly意为“坦率地、率直地”；convincingly意为“信服地、有说服力地”；emphatically意为“强调地、用力地”；determinedly意为“决然地、断然地”。既然对手都被说服，说明他讲得很有道理，故应使用convincingly。

17.He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably more than ______.

（分数：1.00）

A.he was in good health

B.was good for his health √

C.his good health was

D.his health was good

解析：比较级。than引导的比较状语从句省略了主语it，所以正确答案为B。

18.Fuel scarcities and price increases ______ automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.

（分数：1.00）

A.persuaded

B.prompted √

C.imposed

D.enlightened

解析：动词辨析。persuade sb.to do表示“劝说某人做某事”；prompt sb.to do表示“促使或者激励某人做某事”；impose sb.to do表示“强迫某人做某事”；enlighten sb.to do表示“教导某人做某事”。此处prompted符合句意。

19.The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, ______ could go penniless by next year.

（分数：1.00）

A.the larger one

B.the larger of which √

C.the largest one

D.the largest of which

解析：定语从句。首先，从句子的结构来看，空格前面的部分是一个完整的句子，而且在空格的前面是一个名词结构two trust funds，这就说明空格所在的部分是一个非限定性定语从句，因此，我们可以排除选择项A、C。而此处是两者之间的比较，所以要用比较级形式，而非三者或三者以上的最高级形式，只有B符合条件。

20.______can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.

（分数：1.00）

A.As √

B.What

C.That

D.It

解析：定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前，指代主句的内容，而which只能放在主句之后，故答案为A。

21.This law ______ the number of accidents caused by children running across the road when they get off the bus.

（分数：1.00）

A.intending to reduce

B.is intended to reduce √

C.intended reducing

D.intends reducing

解析：被动语态。此处考查被动语态，be intended to意为“想要、打算、意旨”，正确答案为B。

22.The government has provided the capital library with heavy ______ to keep it one of the largest in the world.

（分数：1.00）

A.subscriptions

B.tips

C.subsidies √

D.bonuses

解析：名词辨析。subscriptions指“捐献、定金”；tips指“小费”；subsidies指“补助金、津贴”；bonuses指“奖金、红利”。subsidies符合句意。

23.Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that ______ disease resistance in neighboring plants.

（分数：1.00）

A.contracts

B.activates √

C.maintains

D.prescribes

解析：动词辨析。contract意为“感染”；activate意为“刺激、使活动”；maintain意为“维持”；prescribe意为“规定、开处方”。根据句意应选activates。

24.I didn't say anything like that at all. You are purposely ______ my ideas to prove your point.

（分数：1.00）

A.revising

B.contradicting

C.distorting √

D.distracting

解析：动词辨析。revise意为“修订、校订”；contradict意为“同……矛盾、同……抵触”；distort 意为“扭曲、歪曲”；distract意为“转移”。distorting符合句意。

25.He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.

（分数：1.00）

A.in spite of

B.regardless of √

C.on account of

D.in case of

解析：介词短语。in spite of意为“尽管”；regardless of意为“不顾”，不惜；on account of意为“因为”； in case of意为“假如，万一”。regardless of符合句意。

26.When I try to understand ______ that prevents so many Americans from being happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.

（分数：1.00）

A.what it does

B.what it is √

C.why it does

D.why it is

解析：名词性从句。what引导的名词性从句作动词understand的宾语，宾语从句是一个it is...that...的强调句型，that之后的prevents缺少主语，故正确答案为B。

27.When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as ______.

（分数：1.00）

A.novel

B.remote

C.distant

D.foreign √

解析：形容词辨析。novel意为“新奇的、异常的”；remote意为“遥远的、偏僻的”；distant意为“疏远的、间隔的”；foreign意为“外来的、(医)异质的、不相关的”。所以此处取foreign医学用义，指“排异的”。

28.Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

（分数：1.00）

A.has to get

B.had got

C.were to get √

D.could have got

解析：虚拟条件句。根据句意，琼目前没有工作，句中假设的情况在近期内并不会存在，该条件句应当用表示将来情况的虚拟语气，条件从句的谓语用should或were to引出，因此C是本题答案。

29.______ about the bookkeeper's honesty, the company asked him to resign.

（分数：1.00）

A.There be some questions

B.There are some questions

C.There have been some questions

D.There being some questions √

解析：独立主格。there be句型的主语是some questions，与主句主语the company不一致，因此要使用独立主格形式，故选项D正确。

30.It is said that with more forests ______ huge quantities of good earth are being washed away.

（分数：1.00）

A.being destroyed √

B.destroyed

C.destroying

D.to destroy

解析：非谓语动词。这里构成“with+宾语+非谓语动词”结构，结合句子中的进行时态可知A项正确。31.Though ______ rich, he was better off than at any other period in his life.

（分数：1.00）

A.by any means

B.by some means

C.by all means

D.by no means √

解析：介词短语。上下文成转折关系，所以选择by no means，意为“绝不、一点也不”。

32.Ms. Green has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be ______ with everyone who comes to the store.

（分数：1.00）

A.accepted

B.admitted

C.admired

D.acquainted √

解析：动词辨析。accept指“接受”；admit指“承认”；admire指“钦佩”；acquaint指“熟知”。根据上下文中for only one year以及yet判断，答案应为D。

33.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ______the welfare of his animals.

（分数：1.00）

A.critical about

B.indignant at

C.indifferent to √

D.subject to

解析：形容词辨析。be critical about表示“对……挑剔”；be indignant at表示“对……愤怒的”；be indifferent to表示“对……漠不关心”；be subject to表示“受……支配”。转折词 but说明空

格处所填词汇意思与trusting and considerate相反，故选项C为正确答案。

八、PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)

九、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)

Like land, labor is means of production. In non-industrial societies, access to both land and labor comes through social links such as kinship, marriage, and descent. Mutual aid in production is merely one aspect of ongoing social relationships that are expressed on many other occasions. Non-industrial societies contrast with industrial nations in regard to another means of production — technology. In bands and tribes manufacturing is often linked to age and gender. Women may weave and men make pottery or vice versa. Most people of a particular age and gender share the technical knowledge associated with that age and gender. If married women customarily make baskets, most married women know how to make baskets. Neither technology nor technical knowledge is as specialized as it is in states.

However, some tribal societies do promote specialization. Among the Yanomani of Benezuela and Brazil, for instance, certain villages manufacture clay pots and others make hammocks. They don't specialize, as one might suppose, because certain raw materials happen to be available near particular village. Clay suitable for pots is widely available. Everyone knows how to make pots, but not everybody does so. Craft specialization reflects the social and political environment rather than the natural environment. Such specialization promotes trade, which is the first step in creating an alliance with enemy village. Specialization contributes to keeping the peace, although it has not prevented intervillage warfare.

Among the Trobriand Islanders of the South Pacific, Malinowski found that only two out of several villages manufactured certain ceremonial items that were important in a regional exchange network called the kula ring. As among the Yanomani, this specialization was unrelated to the location of raw materials. We don't know why this specialization began, but we do know that it persisted within the kula ring, which allied several communities and islands in a common trade network.

（分数：5.00）

(1).In non-industrial societies, how do people obtain the means of production?（分数：1.00）

A.By land and labor.

B.Through social links. √

C.By mutual aid.

D.By many other occasions.

解析：细节题。文章第一段旨句指出土地和生产力都是生产资料，接下来一句话指出，在非工业社会中，土地和生产力是通过诸如血缘、婚姻以及世系等社会关系获得的，可见B正确。