自考综合英语二详解(B)

自考综合英语（二）下册详解第五课上

1. If you were asked to list………，you would……… 虚拟语气，表示与当前情况的假设。

If I had enough money， I would buy that car.

2. If next you were……， who somehow seem bigger than life， you might come up with an entire different list.

Bigger/larger than life：超群的；夸大的

His sadness was bigger than life.他伤心极了。

come up with： bring forward with提出；想出

Some new issues were come up at the meeting.在这个会上提出了一些新问题

3. You might， in fact， name people who are celebrated for their wealth and glamour，rather than their achievements…。

be celebrated for：因——而受到颂扬、赞美

Most doctors and nurses were celebrated for their bravery in the battle against SARS.大多数医务人员由于在抗击“非典”战役中的勇敢表现而受到了人们的赞扬。

rather than： instead of 不是——（而是）

He was criticized by the teacher for his absence from class rather than his failure in the exam.他因缺课而受到了老师的批评，而不是因为他这次考试的失败。

4.And you would not be alone， because pollsters have found that people today do not choose political leaders who shape history for their “Most Admired”……

be not alone in thinking/believing： others agree with you在——方面别人也有同感

We're not alone in believing that Xiao Jiang is the best person for the job.

我们相信小江是这项任务的最佳人选，别人也有同感。

Dr. Applebaum is not alone in thinking that television gives children a false sense of reality.

不光是阿普尔鲍姆博士认为电视节目给孩子们展现的是虚假的现状。

The French are not alone in finding American movies breaking into their film market.

不只是法国人才发现美国电影打入自己的市场。

Professors are disappointed about what has happened in the presidential election， and they are not alone in that.

教授们对总统选举中所发生的一切感到失望，同感者大有人在。

shape：form or take shape， give signs of future development

Our plan is shaping well.我们的计划进展顺利。

Shape history（the course or events）决定历史的进程（事件的发展）Great men can shape history but they can't make history.伟人可以决定历史的进程，但他们不能创造历史。

5.By definition， heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage achievements， and self-sacrifice made most often for the benefit of others…

…heroes and heroines are people who are different from other people because o f their unusual courage， achievements and the sacrifices they make in the interests of others.

by definition： by defining通过定义，界定

By definition， heroes are those who are distinguished by their accomplishment.根据定义，英雄以其所取得的成就而出名。

be distinguished （ from ）…by： to be noticeably different from or better than others of the same type because of an unusual quality以——而著称；有别于；不同于

Xiao Yang is distinguished from other young men by his unusual maturity.

小杨的老练程度超过了其他年轻人。

The little girl is distinguished from other four-year-olds by her excellent memory.

这小女孩的记忆力超出岁孩子了水平。

The zebra is distinguished from the horse by the lines on its body.

斑马列因其身上的条纹而不同于马。

Chinese people are distinguished by their diligence and courage.中国人民以勤劳勇敢而著称。

Cf .distinguish bet ween…/ sth. from sth. eles： to notice or understand the difference between…/ to tell one thing from another.区别

Colour-blind people find it hard to distinguish between red and green.色盲的人很难分清红、绿两色。

City people often can't distinguish young wheat from weeds.城里人往往分不清麦苗和野草。

The twin sisters are so much alike that sometimes even their father can't distinguish one from the other.

这对双胞胎姐妹长得太像了，有时她们的父亲都分辨不出谁是姐姐谁是妹妹。

distinguished guests 贵宾

for the benefit of：for one's benefit： for the profit of：为——，为——的利益

The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor in the rural area.这笔钱要用来帮助农村地区的穷人。

for the benefit of the people/country为了人民/国家利益

6.… they are people against whom we measure others.

…they've become a sort of standard； we judge others by what they do and what they are.他们是我们评价别人的标准。

measure sth. against … ： to judge the value of sb./sth. using sth. else as a standard；to compare sth. with a certain standard：对照——来评价——

Our production costs are high， when they are measured against the world's advanced level.

对照世界先进水平，我们的生产成本过高。

Your performance is poor when measured against the success of the other sales personnel.

与其他销售人员的业绩相比，你的业绩相当差。

7. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by， where the very ideal of heroism is something beyond us ——an artifact of the past.

Yet， some people say that we are living in a new age .In this age heroes and heroines are rare， and heroism is only something people admire but do not practice. Heroic and noble conduct is a thing of the past.可是，有人说，我们的时代是很难出现真正英雄的时代，英雄主义这一概念本身我们就难以理解——它已经成为历史。

come by 找到，遇到

How did you come by this second-hand book？你是怎样找到这本旧书的。

heroism is something beyond us： we have no idea what heroism is我们不知道英雄行为是何物

an artifact of the past历史文物，这个短语是对：heroism的补充说明。

Be beyond sb.：为某人所不能理解；对某人来说太难

与beyond搭配的词有：

beyond power越权beyond belief不可相信beyond understanding无法理解beyond control无法控制beyond doubt毫无疑问beyond imagination难以想象beyond one's means 难以承受

beyond description难以描述

8.Consequently， bereft of cultural heroes，we have latched onto cultural icons…

As a result， when we no long have national heroes to admire and worship， we have become crazy about cultural icons…因此，缺少了民族英雄，我们就迷上了通俗文化偶像。

Consequently：As a result因此，于是

bereft of：失去；缺少bereft（bereave的过去式、过去分词）

The boy is bereft of hope.这孩子失去了希望。

latch onto/on to sb./sth.：（informal） to become very interested in sb./sth.，often finding them so useful that we don't want to let them go

对某人或某事产生极大的兴趣，往往不愿意放弃（这里作者的意思是：人们开始迷上了文化偶像之后，就一发不可收拾，对他们的崇拜愈来愈狂热。）

9.… who are simply famous for being famous.

…who are well-known just because they are frequently seen in public， so that a lot of people know them or know about them （not because they possess unusually fine qualities or because they have made great contributions to society）。仅仅因为有名而成名的人。

be famous for：be known for

10. They are people who manage to transcend celebrity， who are legendary， who somehow manage to become mythic.——Cultural icons make themselves more famous than celebrities；they inspire great admiration； and to a certain degree， they become important people. 他们超越了名流，成为传奇式人物，甚至在某种程度上已是神话式的人物。

注意：此句此句用三个由Who引导出的并列的定语从句来修饰 people，界定“文化偶像”的三个特点：比名流名气更大，受到崇拜，成为重要人物。

11. In part，their lives have the quality of a story.——Part of the reason is that their lives are unusual， full of ups and downs like people in legends or myths. 部分的原因是由于他们的生平带有传奇故事的色彩。

In part： partly； to a certain extent 在一定程度上，部分地

He failed in the exams in part because he was careless.他没通过考试在一定程度上是由于他粗心。

12.Good looks certainly help.漂亮的长相当然有用。

Attractive appearance is surely very useful in the making of an icon.

help： to improve a situation or to make sth .happen起作用

Wisdom， not strength helps in the matter.在这方面智慧起作用，力量无济无事。

To be young and single definitely help when you're looking for a job年轻又单身在找工作时是有得的条件。

Material incentives alone won't help （ to ） increase production.光凭物质刺激无助于提高生产。

13.So does a special indefinable charisma， with the help of the media.——

A particular great charm that is hard to define also proves useful. The media help to impress people with it.在媒体的抄作下某种难以描述的、特殊的个人魅力也起作用。

这是个倒装句， A special indefinable charisma 是主语，does 是谓语，代表helps，介词短语 with the help of the media作状语。

14. But nothing becomes an icon more than a tragic and early death然而悲剧性地过早离开这个世界，却是造成偶像最重要的因素。

become：适合；与——相称

Purple becomes her.紫色很适合她

Don't be rude， it doesn't become you.别动粗，这同你的身份不相称。

more than： Nothing could satisfy him more than money.没有比钱更能满足他的东西了。

15. Being Somebody《当名人》

somebody ： an important person名人；重要人物

It is said that his father is somebody in the show business.据说他的父亲是演艺界的大腕人物。

He spoke as if he was somebody in the department.他说话的样子好像他是系里了不起的人物似的。

Cf. something： a thing or a person that thought to be important or worth noting有见地；有道理；了不起

There's something in what the boy says.那男孩子的话还真有道理。

Christy has learned to write with his left foot. It's really something.克里斯蒂学会用左脚写字了，真了不起。

You've done it， Chris. You're really something.克里斯，你成功了。你可真了不起。

17. Their accomplishments are still evident in our own day.

Today we still see or feel what they achieved in the past.

18.Today's celebrities， however， often do not become known for any enduring achievement.——But， today， people often do not become famous because they've achieved something （ a great book， an invention， a discovery， a way of thinking， etc. ） that will last or influence people for a long time.然而，当今的名人往往并不是由于他们所取得的成就而闻名。

Be/become known for： to be/become famous because of

Suzhou is known for its beautiful gardens.苏州因其美丽的园林而闻名。

He became known for a book he wrote when he was 17.他因17岁时写的一本书而出名。

Cf. be known as： to be called， regarded as， looked upon as以——而著称

In China，Suzhou and Hangzhou are known as “paradises on earth”在中国，苏州和杭州被称为“人间天堂”。

The girl has an unusually large vocabulary and is known as a “walking dictionary”。

那女孩知道的词真多，被称为“活字典”。

Singapore is known as a garden city.新加坡以花园城而闻名。

自考综合英语（二）下册详解第五课下

19.The year before， that distinction went to President Carter's wife， Rosalynn.——The year before， the title/honour was given to President Carter's wife， Rosalynn./The year before，President Carter's wife， Rosalynn， won the honour.前一年，这个称号又送给了卡特总统夫人，罗萨琳。

（ prize， title， honour， property， etc. ） go to sb./sth.：to be given to, awarded to,or inherited by sb.赠送给，授予

The money they raised from the concert all went to the flooded area.举办音乐会所得款项全部捐赠给水灾地区。

The title “The Best Woman Football Player of the Millenium” went to a Chinese， Sun Wen.

“千年最佳女足运动员”的称号授予了中国运动员孙雯。

The house was left to his son,and all the paintings went to his daughter.

房子留给了他的儿子，女儿继承了所有绘画。

The 2000 Nobel Prize for Peace went to Kim Dae Chong.2000年诺贝尔和平奖授予了金大中。

20.The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment ； the celebrity by his image or trademark.

The hero was different from ordinary people because of what he had achieved ； the celebrity differs from ordinary people merely because he is well-known.英雄因其成就而出众，而名流则因其形象或其特征而出名。

21.The hero created himself ； the celebrity is created by the media

The hero was admired for what he had hone for society ； the celebrity bursts onto the scene through the work of the media. 英雄因其成就而名，而名流则因媒体的宣传而出名。（英雄造就自己，媒体造就名流。）

22. The hero was a big man； the celebrity is a big name.

the hero was an outstanding man with excellent qualities ； the celebrity is an average person with an enviable reputation.英雄是了不起的人物，名流是了不起的名声。

23. Except for the attention they get from the media， these people are exactly like us.——If the media didn't give them so much attention， they wouldn't be any different from ordinary people.要不是媒体的关注，这些人和我们没什么两样。

注意except 和except for的区别：

except for： with the exception of （ used to introduce the only thing or a person that prevent a statement from being completely true ）

1）从一个表示整体的单数名词中除掉一部分

The essay is excellent except for the conclusion.这篇文章除结尾之外总体不错。

Cf. All the essays are good except yours and John's.除了你和约翰的文章之外，其他人的都不错。

The whole class passed the test except for John.全班除了约翰之外都通过了测试。

Cf. We all passed the test except John.除约翰之外我们都通过了测试。

2）所谈及的名词和除外的名词代表不同的类别时

The country is not worth seeing， except for its temples.那个国家除了寺庙之外没有什么值得游览的

The road was deserted except for a few cars.路上除了几辆轿车之外杳无人绝迹。

Cf. All the roads are deserted except one.除了一条路之外，其他路上行人绝迹

24. Previously， men like Gould and Harriman, whose names everyone knew， could easily have passed through a crowd without being recognized.——In the past, when famous men like

Gould and Harriman walked through a crowd, it was quite possible that people don't recognize them, though everyone knew of them.

此句的意思是：这两个人要是在人群里走走的话，人们完全可能不知他们为何许人。（但他们极少出现在人群之中。）

could have done sth.（ could have done sth.）。（情态助动词could与完成时形式的动词不定式have done sth.连用）表示过去可能会发生但实际上没有发生的事情：

You could have got a job last year.你本来去年就可能会找到工作的。（实际上没有找到）

Ten people were killed in the accident . They could have been saved.

事故中有10人死亡，他们的生命本来是可以挽救过来的

pass through ：to go through a town, etc., stopping there for a short time but not staying

25. The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress, appearance,and personal habits were widely commented upon. ——When famous people's photos appeared in newspapers, their outward features-their appearance, their clothes, and the way they carried themselves-began to attract public attention and get talked about, In this way these famous people gradually became celebrities.现在报纸上能刊登照片，这使名人成为名流，他们的衣着、外貌和体态举止都成为人们评论的对象。

Turn…into…：to cause sth./sb. to become…使——成为；把——变成

Her bitter experience has turned her into a strong woman.痛苦的经历使她成了一个坚强的女人。

The mobile medical team turned an old temple into a first-aid station.流动医疗队把一座古庙改造成了急救站。

Comment on/upon： to give/express opinions about评论；议论

The U.S.2000 presidential election has been much commented upon.

2000年美国的总统选举招致了不少的议论。

I don't think it right to comment on people's private affairs.我觉得议论别人的私事是不对的。

26. Slowly, the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like. 公众的注意力逐渐由了解这些人做了些什么转移到了了解他们长得是什么样子。

Shift （ away ）from…to…： to change in emphasis, direction or focus：转移

When the wind shifted from south to north, it began to get cold.风向由南转北，天气变冷了。

In the early 1960s, the emphasis of our country's economy shifted from heavy industry to light industry and agriculture.20世纪60年代初期，我国经济的重点工业转向轻工业和农业。

look like： to have the appearance of看起来像

The restaurant looks like a ship.这家餐馆的外形像条船。

From the way they treat each other they look like sisters.她们亲昵的样子看起来像是姐儿俩。

like 常与其他表示感官功能（如视觉、触觉、味觉、听觉等look like； feel like； smell like； sound like）的动词连用。

In the middle of the night we were woken up by some noise . It sounded like a fight.

半夜里我们被吵醒了，听起来像是吵架的声音。

The dish sells like fish, but tastes like beef.这道菜闻起来像鱼，尝起来像牛肉。

The material feels like silk.这块料子摸起来像丝绸。

27.With the arrival of television…

Because we now have television…由于电视的出现

with： because of having

With a large family to support, he cannot afford a new coat this year

由于有一大家人要养活，他今年不能给自己买新大衣了。。

With John away, we've got more room.

由于约翰不在，我们的地方显得更宽敞。

With all the homework to do, I cannot go out this weekend.

有这么多作业要做，这个周末我不能出去了

28. …than we did about most of the people we know personally.

…than we know about most of the people we actually know.

29.Less than seventy years after the appearance of the first moving pictures, the shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship was complete.

第一部电影问世后不到70年，英雄崇拜就彻底转变成名人崇拜了。

电影起源于19世纪末，人们传统上认为1899年是电影诞生之年，此句的意思是在20世纪60年代末人们崇拜对象的转变就完成了。

moving picture 的其他名称为：picture， motion picture, film, movie等。

30.Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of “making it ”；in America.——Today, if you are invited as a guest on a TV talk show,you definitely have proved yourself successful in America.今天在电视台的一个脱口秀节目上一露脸就绝对能证明你在美国“一举成名了”。

Make it ：（ informal ） to be successful in one's career； to succeed, to win acceptance 达到预定目标，顺利度过一段困难时期；成功；及时到达。

When he won the prize, he realized that he had made it.得了奖，他意识到自己成功了。

He's been in some 30 films, but he's never made it as a great actor.他演了三十多部电影，可是从来没有红起来。

The train leaves at 3， it's 2：30 now， I am afraid I can't make it.火车是3点开，现在已经两点半了，恐怕我赶不上了。

31.Celebrities do not appear on such a program because of an actual desire-or ability-to talk, but simply to gain recognition, and prove, merely by showing up,that they are “somebody.”——Celebrities often appear on talk shows, not because they really want to talk, or because they have something to say, but simply because they want tobecome famous and to show that they are important.名流在这样的节目中出场，并不是因为他们真想说什么，或是口才很棒，而纯属为了出名，并通过在荧屏上露面，证明他们是“重要人物”。

注意not…because （of ） to do sth.的结构中，否定的部分是because （of ），而不是appear.

I didn't see the film because you recommended it . I wanted to see Henry Fonda.

我看了这部电影可不是因为你的推荐，我是想看亨利·方达的表演。

The children didn't do it to please their parents, but simply to enjoy themselves.

孩子们做这件事可不是为了父母高兴，而是自己想玩一玩。

show up：（ informal ） to appear ； to arrive, often after a delay到场；露面

He didn't show up at his sister's wedding.他居然没有在他妹妹的婚礼上露面。

I wonder if he will show up at all.真不知道他还会不会来。

We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash, but three days later he showed up safe and sound.

我们都以为他在收音机失事中丧生，但三天以后，他却安然无恙地出现了。

Only three of people we had invited didn't show up at the party.

邀请的人当中，只有三人末出席这次聚会。

32.Most hosts are grateful just to get someone who will fill the room with sound.——Most hosts are more than happy as long as the guests keep talking.多数主持人只要有人说话，让演播室老有声音就很满意了。

fill…with… ：to make…full of…用——装满

Would you fill these bottles with water, please？请把这些瓶子灌满水好吗？

Each time I went to see her, my grandma would fill my pockets with sweets .

每次我去看奶奶，她总是在我的衣兜塞满糖果。

此句型常用于被动结构：

The room is filled with an unpleasant smell.这屋子里有股难闻的味。

The supermarket is filled with shoppers at weekends.每逢周末这家超市总是挤满了购物的人。

此句型有引申的意思：

She filled her days with trivial tasks.她整天忙于处理琐碎的事务。

The thought filled me with pleasure.这个想法使我感到高兴。

I'm filled with gratitude to all those who have helped me.我对帮助过我的人充满感激之情。

Her heart was filled with happiness at the party her students organized in her honor.

在学生们为她举行的聚会上，她沉浸在幸福之中。

He was filled with pity for the poor girl .他对那个可怜的女孩子充满怜悯之情。

The sound of the music filled me with memories .音乐声使我沉浸在回忆之中。

fill 也可作不及物动词：

The market filled rapidly . 市场很快挤满了人。

fill 表示to become full of：Laughter filled the hall.笑声响彻整个大厅。

When the young lady refused to pay for the shoes she had ordered, unhappiness filled the poor shoemaker's house .

那位年轻的女士不肯付款来付她定做的那双鞋，此时，穷鞋匠的家里人人愁眉不展。

33.… a ratings nightmare .

… a terrible thing for the show， for it wouldn't attract many ratings： the popularity of a television of radio programme as measured by the number of people viewing or listening 对收视率来说是可怕的事

34.This kind of attitude rewards smooth, insincere talk, and makes hesitancy look like stupidity.——Talk show coordinators are concerned about whether the guest talks fluently . They don't care whether he/she talks sensibly and intelligently . By doing so, they actually encourage and praise talk show guests who speak fluently but insincerely and make viewers believe those who don't speak fluently are stupid people . 这种看法结果是鼓励了口若悬河的空话，而把迟疑看作是愚笨。

Reward：酬谢；奖赏

He was rewarded with a three-week-holiday for his achievements.由于他的成就，他被奖励了三个星期的假期。

其引申意思，表示“得出——的结果，得到回报”

I am sure that all your hard work will be rewarded.我相信你的辛苦工作一定会得到丰硕的结果。

35.he'd be dragging his bottom in the ratings.

Today ， if he were invited to speak on a talk show, he wouldn't be able to attract a large number of viewers.

Drag one's bottom 可能是由习语drag one's heels/feet（故意拖延，磨洋工）而来。

自考综合英语（二）下册详解第六课上

1. If you are not moving ahead ， you are falling behind

fall behind （ sb ）： to go more slowly than other people so that they gradually move further ahead of you ； to be less successful than someone else 落伍、落在后面

eg： She was leading in the 800-metre race ， but fell behind in the last second.

在800米比赛中她一直领领先，在最后的一秒里落在了别人的后面。

eg：Germany has fallen behind France and Britain in the production of airliners

德国在大型客机生产方面不如法国和英国。

fall behind with/on sth.to fail to pay for sth. or to do sth. when it is due拖欠；跟不上

eg：Don‘t fall behind with the rent ，or you’ll be told to leave.不要拖欠房租，不然的话，房东就会叫你搬走。

eg：I‘ve fallen far behind with my maths homework. I don’t think I‘ll ever be ableto catch up .

数学作业我已经落下不少，永远也赶不上了。

eg：She falls behind with her studies她学习跟不上

2. This attitude results in a nation of peoplecommitted to

commit oneself/be committed to （doing ） sth： v. （1）transport， convey：传送

传递消息to say/have said that someone will definitely do sth. or must do sth .决心做；承诺做

eg： Think carefully before you commit yourself to working at weekends .好好考虑之后再决定是不是同意周末工作

eg： The government is committed to improving housing conditions for low-income people

政府承诺要为低收入居民改善居住环境。

eg： From then on， he was committed to working hard从那时起，他就决心要好好学习。

3. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully， the other being labor Americans are often thought to be a squandering nation.

the other being labor 独立主格结构

eg： There are many children singing， each having flouwers in his or her hands.

有许多孩子在唱歌，每人手里都拿着花

4. Weare slaves to nothing but the clock

be slave to/of to 受——的支配或影响；成为——的奴隶

eg： A lot of young people nowadays are slaves of/to fashion .如今有不少年轻人拼命赶时髦。

eg： He is slave to drink.他是个酒鬼

5. Time is treated as if it were something almost tangible——Americans treat time as if it were something solid ， which you can seize and control

treat……as：consider…as：把——看作/视为

eg：Don‘t treat me as a child，I’m eighteen years old.不要把我当小孩子看了，我18岁了。

eg：You‘d better treat his words as a joke.你最好把他的话当作玩笑。

tangible：能摸得着的；有形的

6. We budget it，kill it ， cut it ，account for it.

budget time：计划时间steal time：挤出时间kill time：消磨时间 cut time：减少时间

account for time 解释时间 account for sth对——作出解释/说明

eg：Jane was upset because her son couldn‘t account for the three hours between his last class and his arrival home .

简因此感到不高兴，因为儿子说不清放学之后到回家之前的三个小时之间他究竟干了什么。

eg： She has to account to her husband for every penny of the moneyhe gives her for house keeping

丈夫给她持家的钱是怎么花的，她得一笔一笔地向他交代清楚。

eg：He couldn‘t account for why he was late.他解释不清他为什么迟到。

account for sth 说明原因

eg： Bad mews from home may account for his recent depression.他近来情绪低落可能是因为家里出了事。

eg：Icy roads account for the increase in accidents .路面结冰是造成交通事故增加的原因。

account for （数量上）占——

eg：Girl students account for more than 50% in our school. 女学生在我校占一半以上。

7. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime.——Many people are keenly aware that life is short

acute： keen；sharp；quick敏锐的；尖锐的，（疾病等）急性的

eg：Some animals have an acute sense of smell.有些动物的嗅觉很敏锐。

a sense of responsibility责任感a sense of shame 羞耻感a sense of security 安全感

a sense of hearing听觉 sense：感觉

8. Oncer the sands have run out of a person‘s hourglass ， they cannot be replaced .

Once：一旦

eg：Once you have come， you must stay.既来之，则安之。

the sands：（古代计时用的）沙漏中的沙；（喻）时间；光阴；寿命 the sands of time时光

the sands of（one‘s ）life寿命 The sands are running out.

run out of：用完；耗尽

eg：I‘m running out of money this month. Could you please land me some

我这个月的钱快花光了，你能借我点吗？

9. We want every minute to count .

count： to be of value or importance 有价值，有意义

eg： First impressions of people do count 人们的最初印象确实重要

eg： We have only a few bullets left ，so make each one count

我们只剩下几发子弹了，每一发都要真正派上用场

eg： Such men do not count for anything这种人毫不足取。

10 A foreigner‘s first impressionof the U.S.…

Impression：印象

eg：What‘s your first impression about Bei jing？你对北京的第一印象如何？

under pressure：：不得不如此；压力下

eg：I don‘t want to work under pressure 我不喜欢在不得已的情况下做事。

11.City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going， restlessly seeking attention in a store， elbowing others as they try to complete their errands.

elbow ：肘

eg：to push roughly with one‘s elbows in the specified direction

He elbowed his way through the crowd.他从人群中挤出。

12.If you don‘t， waiters will hurry you.

Hurry sb：催促某人赶快

eg：Hurry him or he‘ll be late.催他快点，要不他会迟到的

13.………but they are also quite high strung.

high strung： very sensitive and easily excited， string up受惊

14.You also find drivers will be abrupt.

abrupt：突然的；粗鲁的；无礼的

to finish or be through完成

eg：an abrupt manner.无礼的态度

自考综合英语（二）下册详解第六课下

15. you will miss smiles， brief conversations small courtesies with strangers

miss sth：发觉没有；觉得遗憾

small courtesies ： friendly smiles， saying hello， or whatever起码的客套

16. Don't take it personally.——Don’t feel upset because this is their way with strangers. It is not directed against any particular person. They treat all strangers in the same way.

take ：对待

take sth./ sb. seriously 认真对待某物/某人

take sth./ sb. lightly 轻率对待某物/某人

take sth. personally 把某件事看成是针对某个人的

take sth. badly/ calmly 对某件事的反应强烈/冷静

eg ： Unfortunately， no one took the child's words seriously.不幸的是谁也没有把那孩子的话当回事 .

eg ： To my surprise， his parents took the news calmly.他的父母对这个消息反应十分冷静，使我感到惊讶。

eg ：We shouldn't take these young people lightly我们可不能小看那些年轻人

eg ： I'm afraid he took your remarks personally.我想他认为你的那些话是说他的。

17. This is because people value time highly

value：珍惜

We must value the time at school.我们一定要珍惜学校的时光

18. This view of time affects the importance we attach to patience.

affect：影响

e.g.： Alcohol affects a driver's concentration.酒能分散司机的注意力。

e.g.： TV violence has a very bad effect on children 电视节目中的暴力行为对孩子会产生不良影响。

attach：认为——重要

e.g.： We attach great importance to the training of basic language skills.我们认为语言基本功的训练十分重要。

e.g.：The Chinese government attaches much significance to the country's entry into the WTO.

中国政府认为中国加入世贸组织意义深远。

19. In the American system of values， patience is not a high priority.

top/high/low priority：重要/次要问题

e.g.： Women's issues are often seen as a low priority.妇女问题往往被看成是次要问题。

e.g.： Population problem is seen as a high priority.人口问题被看成是一个重要问题。

20.We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time isslipping awaywithout some return be this in terms of pleasure， work value， or rest.

slip away：很快离开；（时间）流逝

eg：She could see her chances of victory slipping away.她眼睁睁地看着就要失去快到手的胜利。

without some return：没有什么回报

eg：He helped the old man without some return.他帮助这个老人而不图什么回报。

in terms of：在——方面，就——而论

eg： She is excellent in terms of oral English.她在英语口语方面很好。

21. Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life.

coming from：分词短语作定语修饰those

。22. They will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be traditional in their own country.——They will not be received with a show of welcome， courtesy， or friendliness， including a cup of tea or coffee which perhaps is customary in their home country.

socializing： meeting people socially， for example， at a party参加社交活动

23. We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies

seek out：努力寻找，找出

eg：The police sought out the person who had informed them of the road accident by phone.

警察找到了打电话向他们报告车祸的那个人

eg：They are seeking business opportunities abroad他们正在寻找在海外开拓业务的机会

24. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially， we start talking business very quickly.——Since we generally evaluate the worth of our business partner by his professional skills and competence instead of his social abilities， we do not waste time in socializing， but start talking business right away

Business：事务；事

eg：Let's come（ get ）to business我们言归正传吧

eg：know one's business精通自己所干的一行。

25. but in the business world we almost always have other appointments following hard on the heels of whatever we are doing.

follow （hard） on the heels of： happening very soon after紧接着，接踵而来，紧跟后面

eg：Loud thunder comes hard on the heels of lightening.巨大的雷声紧跟着闪电而来

26.We therefore save most personal visiting for after work hours or for social weekend gatherings.

save：保留；节省；积攒；挽救；使避免

eg：What's saved his strength for the end of the race他把力气留到冲刺阶段。

eg：Let's save the rest of the cake for supper.我们把其余的蛋糕留到晚饭再吃吧

27. To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the matter at hand

the matter at hand：目前正做的事

28. Mail is slow and uncertain.

the official system of collecting， transporting and delivering letters and parcels：邮政系统，邮件

eg：While we can send Christmas cards via E-mail， we still have to send parcels by post/mail.（post： BrE；mail： AmE ）我们能够以电子邮件的形式发圣诞卡，但还是得通过邮局寄包裹

eg：I'm going to the department office to pick up my mail.我要去系办公室取邮件。

29. Telephones save your feet and endless amounts of time.

save（feet）：to avoid or help to avoid sth. that is unpleasant or difficult

eg：Scanners save us the trouble of typing.扫描仪省去了我们打字的麻烦。

eg：It saves both money and time to shop in supermarkets.到超市购物既省钱又省时间

30.Furthermore， several people canconfer together without moving from their desks

confer（with sb.）（on/about sth.）：交换意见；征求意见

eg：She said she wished to confer with her advisers before announcing a big decision

她说她希望在宣布一项重大决定之前能与顾问商谈一下。

31.Unless a certain amount of time is allowed， felt to be given added weight by the passage of time.

Be felt to do/to be ：（人们）觉得

eg：Dining out is often felt to be common today.

在餐馆吃饭现在经常被人们感觉很普遍了

32.Assignments are thus save your feet and endless amounts of time.

save（feet）：to avoid or help to avoid sth. that is unpleasant or difficult

eg：Scanners save us the trouble of typing.扫描仪省去了我们打字的麻烦。

eg：It saves both money and time to shop in supermarkets.到超市购物既省钱又省时间。

自考综合英语（二）下册详解第七课

1. Take over Bos'n！

take over （from sb.）：接管，接替落伍、落在后面

eg： A competent young woman took over from Mr. White as the CEO of the company last year.

去年一位年轻有为的女士接替了怀特先生成了公司的首席执行官。

eg： Who's going to take over the running of the park when Mr. Liu retires？

刘先生退休以后谁管理体制公署这摊子事？

eg： Who's going to take over the running of the park when Mr. Liu retires？

一年之内，那家媒体托拉斯兼并了好几家报业

2. Hour after hour kept the gun pointed at tothe other nine men.

kept the gun pointed at：

eg： He kept the door locked他一直锁着门 eg： Keep sb. covered一直瞄准某人

3. From the lifeboat' s stern， where I'd sat most of the twenty days our drifting，

I could keep them a covered

cover： to continue aiming a gun at， so that they cannot attack you瞄准，控制在范围之内

eg： Cover her while I phone the police.把枪对准她让她别动，我去叫警察来

3. If I had to shoot at such close quarters.

at/from close quarters/range：很近

eg： The boys love to watch the aircraft take off and land at close quarters

这些男孩子酷爱在近处观看飞机起飞、降落。

eg：The birds were photographed at close range这些小鸟是近距离拍摄下来的。

eg：The victim had been shot at close range/quarters被害者遭到近距离枪杀。

4. But in the way they all glared I could see hoe they'd come to hate my guts.

glare at：怒目而视

eg：He did not shout or swear， but just glared at me silently.他没有大喊，也没有叫骂，而是一言不发，愤怒地盯着我

5. hold out forever！

hold out：抵抗，坚持

eg：The whole village held out until the last man

他没有大喊，也没有叫骂，而是一言不发，愤怒地盯着我。

eg：The refugees held out against the severe cold winter.难民们熬过了那年冬天的严寒

7. Very soon now I'ddoze off and the instant that happened they'd jump on the little water that was left.

doze off：打盹，小息

eg：The lecture was so boring that the audience began to doze off.讲座太乏味，听众开始打盹了

8. Yet I could see in their bloodshot eyes that they'd gladly kill me for those few drops

gladly： willingly：

eg：She would gladly pay more to travel by air她情愿多花钱乘飞机旅行

自考综合英语二(0015)课文及重点词汇一 Text-B The Language of Confidence

Text-B The Language of Confidence The language we use program s our brain s.Master ing our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve your quality of life. program 程序 brain 大脑 master 主人、精通 degree 程度 destinies 命运 possible 可能的 dramatically 显著的 improve 改善 quality 品质 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our sub-conscious mind.It is like a child,it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it-whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you. "Try" even 甚至 effect 影响 sub-conscious 潜意识 mind 记忆 imagine 想象 eager 渴望 to carry out 执行 command 命令 knowingly 故意的 entirely 完全的 It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?

2010年4月自考英语二真题及答案

全国2010年4月自学考试综合英语（二）试题 课程代码：00795 请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上 I. GRAMMARAND VOCABULARY Complete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all) 1. I was shocked by the number of people who seemed to have nothing better to do with their time than ______ to know fish better. A. get B. gets C. getting D. got 2. Not all birds can fly , ______ do all birds build nests. A. not B. no C. never D. nor 3. Whe n you fall in love for the first time, it’s surprising ______ inconveniences you can put up with. A. that B. what C. which D. those 4. I know my limitations, so I won’t do anything ______ my ability. A. beyond B. under C. above D. below 5. The hosts apologized for ______ that some of their guests might be vegetarians. A. having not considered B. not having considered C. having not been considering D. not considering 6. Mrs. Smith locked both the front and the back doors before she went to bed ______ that someone might steal into the house at night. A. so B. for fear C. unless D. on condition 1 全国2010年4月自学考试综合英语（二）试题

自考 综合英语二 历年考试 真题 2007-10

全国2007年10月高等教育自学考试 综合英语(二)试题 课程代码：00795 I．语法、词汇。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填入答题纸相应位置。(本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分) Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (25 points) 1. It is ______ good policy to keep physically fit, winter and summer alike. A. a B. an C. / D. the 2. Fifteen minutes______ for one who waits. A. seem a long time B. seemed long time C. seems a long time D. Seems long time ago 3. The judge awarded a large sum of money ______ hurt in the explosion. A. to them B. to those C. for them D. for those 4. If you pay the tailor beforehand he will do the job ______. A. all quickly the more B. quickly all the more C. all the more quickly D. the more all quickly 5. Even though I am quite a reserved person, I like ______ people. A. to be met B. meeting C. to have met D. met 6. By 1642, all towns in the colony of Massachusetts ______ by law to have schools. A. were required B. required C. was required D. had required 7. I ______ read a great deal though I don’t have much time for books now. A. used to B. have used to C. am used to D. was used to 8. As he ______ up since 4 a.m., he is, no doubt, very tired now. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 9. We’ll have to go without him unless he ______ before our train departs. A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come 10. I still remember quite clearly the place______ I first saw a gorgeous sunset. A. when B. where C. whenever D. wherever 11. Is there any special reason______ you want me to wear my new suit to the party? A. how B. what C. why D. which 12. My kitten got lost again yesterday. I______ never have let it go by itself. A. might B. should C. would D. could 13. “Doesn’t your sister want to see that movie?” “Y es, but she says______ tonight.” A. she’d not rather go B. she’ll rather not go C. she’d rather not go D. she won’t rather go 14. The coat I saw in the department store is very nice, and I believe the color______ you perfectly well. A. fits B. suits C. matches D. keeps 15. If reading is to accomplish anything more than ______ time, it must be active. A. wasting B. spending C. passing D. costing 16. The committee, ______ noted professors and experts, will make a thorough investigation into this accident. A. consisting of B. forming of C. composed D. composing 17. She refused to ______ the door key to the landlord until she got back her deposit (押金). A. hand in B. hand out C. hand up D. hand over 18. We should always bear in mind that ______ decisions often result in serious consequences. A. emergent B. urgent C. spontaneous D. hasty 19. As a developing country, China must ______ the rapid development of world economy. A. meet with B. catch hold of C. keep pace with D. keep up with 20. Although I had several talks with her about the matter, she obviously ______ little notice of what I had said. A. paid B. attached C. took D. gave 21. Last week we bought some new ______ for our new house at the seaside. A. furniture B. property C. possession D. belonging 22. I ______ you that I had no intention of offending you. A. convince B. persuade C. guarantee D. assure 23. His friends are not happy with him because he always turns down their invitations ______ ill health. A. on the ground of B. on the strength of C. in view of D. by means of 24. Though small in size, this supermarket enjoys an excellent ______ for fair dealing. A. fame B. popularity C. name D. impression 25. Please put on a bright red dress, so that it would be easy for him to ______ you in the crowd. A. realize B. spot C. discover D. pick Ⅱ．完形填空。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填入答题纸相应位置。(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) Fill in each blank in the passage with the most likely answer. (15 points) The rat has many enemies and its greatest enemy is man. Nevertheless, it is the survivor. Although man has 26 an unending war against them, rats have 27 the world. In almost every country, from the 28 cold of the Arctic regions to the unbearable 29 of the tropics, rats are 30 thriving, increasing and multiplying. Apart from their ability to 31 themselves to varying climate conditions, rats possess another 32 that gives them an advantage in extending their boundaries. More so than most other animals, 33 snakes, mosquitoes and spiders, they induce fear. Why should this be so? Certainly they carry 34 and man is slow to forget the Black Plague 35 killed off millions of people in the fourteenth century. Also, rats have been known to bite 36 babies, but the number of such attacks is very much exaggerated. One reads 37 the danger of being attacked by “a cornered rat”, but this belongs to fiction; rats do not 38 your throat, as many would have us believe. 39 , it is diffic ult to believe that its appearance can be a sourc e of40 ; the common black or brown rat can almost be regarded as a frightful creature while its cousin, the squirrel, is quite pretty and gentle. 26. A. ended B. waged C. lost D. won 27. A. conquered B. mastered C. controlled D. spread over

00795自考综合英语二语法知识点

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