高考英语单项填空知识点分类总结复习(含答案精品)

高考英语单项填空知识点分类总结复习（含答案精品）

【专题要点】

单项选择容量大，包括了中学教材所学的基本语言知识（词法、句法、语法等）其要点如下：1）语音知识；2）语法知识（名词、代词、数词、介词和介词短语、连词、形容词、冠词、动词、时态、被动语态、虚拟语气）；3）词法知识（构词法）；4）句法知识（句子种类、句子成分、简单句的基本句型、主谓语一致性、并列复合句、主从复合句、间接引语、省略、倒装、强调、独立主格结构）；5）功能意念（社会交往、态度、情感、时间、空间、存在、特征、计量、比较、逻辑关系、职业）；6）交际话题。

【考纲要求】

单项选择是一种容量大、考查面广的题型。它集中考查词法、句法、语法知识。因此在各级各类考试中，单项选择是必不可少的题型；考纲对单项选择的考查界定为语言知识的运用，大纲要求考生掌握并能运用语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求掌握3500词左右；新课程标准要求考生掌握并能运用课程标准八级要求规定的英语语音、词汇、语法、功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为3300词左右。

【教法指引】

近几年英语测试题单项选择题难度逐年增大，试题呈现出语境理解要求高、内容跨度大、选项干扰性强、题干迷惑度高、一题涉及多个知识点等特点，给考生正确解题带来很大难度。因此教师在引导考生复习备考中一是要求系统复习基本知识，在复习中形成知识网、知识串；二是要求教师在给学生梳理知识的同时要加强对同义词、近义

词的辨析；三是要掌握正确的应对方法，在训练中点拨技巧，让考生形成做题能力，这都是提高单选题得分率的关键，现结合单项选择题谈谈常用的几种解题技巧，以期对老师们有所启发：要做好单项选择题，首先必须让考生必须熟练掌握句型、固定搭配、习惯用法、语法等方面的基础知识，其次在做单项选择题时注意如下几点：

1. 逐一排除法。几乎每道题的破解均须采用此法。吃准两个选项时，有时已有的认知结构仍然不能解决问题，或许对其中一项一窍不通，但如果能确定其中一项肯定不对，那么另一项必是答案无疑。因为此法使用十分普遍，恕不举例。

2. 重视固定搭配。任何一种语言都有大量的固定搭配词组，英语也不例外。那些约定俗成的词组，不可随便更改，否则就会不伦不类，令人费解。因此我们必须对其高度重视，认真对待。实质上，这类题属于记忆性的考查，因为固定的搭配必定产生固定的意思，一旦记住了它的搭配和意思，解题就不会困难。

3. 注意英汉两种文化习惯表达的差异。英汉语言属两种不同的文化，其习惯表达必然有别，有些习惯表达差异悬殊。中国学生学习英语时大多已具有十多年的汉语接触史，汉语的表达方式可以说已在他们的头脑中根深蒂固，形成了思维定势，讲话时不需任何思考就能脱口而出，且能表达正确，语句规范。当他们学习与汉语截然不同的英语时，很自然会受到汉语习惯表达的干扰，尤其是两种文化习惯表达正好迥然相异或容易受到思维定势的影响时，出差错的可能性极大。如何有效地克服汉语的干扰，尽量使汉语学习的能力发生正迁移，从而尽可能地提高英语学习的效率，这需要我们特别注意英汉习惯表达的差异之处，此乃英语教学的难点所在，试题设计者自然不会轻易放过这一点。

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高中英语知识点总结版

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