FMEA(中英文)
FMEA Failure Mode and Effect
Analysis (FMEA)
失效模式及后果分析
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FMEA Learning Objectives学习目标
?Provide familiarization with FMEA principles and techniques.
熟练运用FMEA原理与方法
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Definition of FMEA FMEA的定义
FMEA is a systematic design evaluation procedure whose purpose is to: FMEA是一个系统的设计评估程序，其用途是：
1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure modes and causes
associated with the designing and manufacturing of a new product or a change to an existing product，识别与评估潜在失效模式与
原因,与新产品的设计与制造或当前产品的变化联系起来，
2. identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of the
potential failure occurring，识别可消除或减少潜在失效事件产生
的措施，
3. document the process.将过程形成文件。
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FMEA is Function-driven FMEA 是功能性的
FMEA begins with a definition of the FUNCTIONS an item is supposed to perform. The inputs must come from several sources to be effective:
FMEA 是以其应该执行的项目功能的定义为开端。输入必须有多个来源以达到其有效性
Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Supplier
Quality 供应商质量
Reliability
Engineer 可信度工程师
Design
Engineer 设计工程师
Program
Management 项目经理
Production 产品
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FMEA
Background 背景
Developed in early 60’s by NASA to “fail-proof”Apollo
missions.由六十年代早期美国国家航空和宇宙航行局的阿波罗计划的“防失败”发展而来
Adopted in early 70’s by US Navy .七十年代早期被美国海军采用
By late 80’s, automotive industry had implemented FMEA and began requiring suppliers do the same. Liability costs were the main driving force.八十年代晚期,汽车工业已经执行FMEA 并开始要求供应商也同样执行.负债是主要的驱动力.
Used sporadically throughout industry during 1980’s.二十世纪八十年代零星地运用于整个工业
Adopted by Seagate in 1996. Initial application in design
centers. Now it’s time to apply FMEA to process applications in Seagate. Six Sigma is the catalyst.1996年被美国希捷公司采用.最初运用在设计中心.现在希捷公司将FMEA 运用于过程应用.六西格玛是催化剂
.
FMEA NASA used FMEA to identify Single Point Failures on Apollo project (SPF = no redundancy & loss of
mission). How many did they find?美国国家航空和
宇宙航行局运用FEMA 来识别阿波罗计划中的单点失效。
他们找到了多少？
420
and we thought we had no problems!
我们认为我们没有任何问题！
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System FMEA is used to analyze systems and subsystems in the early concept and design stages.系统FMEA 是在早期概念和设计阶段用于分析系统与其子系统的
System FMEA is used to analyze systems and subsystems in the early concept and design stages.系统FMEA 是在早期概念和设计阶段用于分析系统与其子系统的Design FMEA is used to analyze products before they are released to production 设计FMEA 用于产品投产前的产品分析Design FMEA is used to analyze products before they are released to production 设计FMEA 用于产品投产前的产品分析Process FMEA is used to analyze manufacturing, assembly and administrative processes 过程FMEA 用于分析生产,装配和管理过程
Process FMEA is used to analyze manufacturing, assembly and administrative processes 过程FMEA 用于分析生产,装配和管理过程
When Is the FMEA Started? FMEA何时开始呢?
AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE尽可能早地开始
Guideline:方针：
Do the best you can with what you have.
物尽其用。
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Types of Measures测量类型
Typically, three items are scored:典型的，三个项目的评分：SEVERITY严重度
As it applies to the effects on the local system, next level, and end user因
为它对局部系统，下一级和终极用户产生影响
OCCURRENCE频度
Likelihood that a specific cause will occur and result in a specific failure
mode特殊原因将发生和导致特殊失效模式的可能性
DETECTION探测度
Ability of the current / proposed control mechanism to detect and identify
the failure mode用于探测和识别失效模式的当前的/被提议的控制装置能力
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Risk Priority Number风险顺序数
RPN = O x S x D Occurrence x频度X
Severity x严重度X
Detection探测度
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General Steps in the FMEA
FMEA
FMEA的主要步骤
1.Develop Process map and identify all Process step制作流程图并且识别所有过程步
骤
2.For each Process Input, list ways that it can vary or go wrong (Failure Modes) 给
每个过程输入列出其可能发生变化或出错的方法（失效模式）
3.Identify Effects associated with each Failure Mode识别每个失效模式会产生的相关
影响
4.List all Causes for each Failure Mode列出每个失效模式的所有的原因
5.List the Current Controls for each Cause列出对目前每个原因所采取的控制措施
6.Create Severity, Occurrence, and Detection rating scales建立严重度，频度和探测
度等级度量表
7.Assign Severity,Occurrence and Detection ratings to each Cause按照严重度，频
度和探测度对每个原因制定等级
8.Calculate the risk priority number for each potential Failure mode scenario为每个
潜在失效模式计算风险顺序数
9.Determine recommended actions, with responsible parties assigned and
estimated date of completion,to reduce High RPNs-Estimate effect of Actions
on RPN (SEV, OCC, DET).责任方决定推荐方案，完成日期来减少高风险顺序数-评估对风险顺序数采取的措施的影响
10.Take appropriate actions and re-calculate all RPNs采取适当的措施并且重新计算所
有风险顺序数
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