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翻译练习之增词、减词、省略法

翻译练习之增词、减词、省略法
翻译练习之增词、减词、省略法

Unit 3 增词、减词法

一、增词

1、没有调查就没有发言权。

2、交出翻译前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方。

3、在背后说我们好话的人才是一个真正的朋友。

4、耳朵是听力器官,鼻子用来闻气味,舌头用来尝滋味。

5、宿舍外的骚动分散了我的注意力。

6、第二天,太阳一升起他就醒了。

7、孩子们想住在城里,我自己宁愿住在乡村。

8、不知苦中苦,哪知甜中甜?

9、我告诉他该走了,他匆匆忙忙地走了。

10、人不犯我,我不犯人。

11、天气寒冷,河水都结冰了。

12、礼拜天图书馆不开门。

On Sundays the library remains closed.

13、咱们校门口见吧。

Let’s meet at the school gate.

14、我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别。

We should gradually eliminate the differences between town and country.

15、谁都知道中东战场很艰苦。

Every one knows that life on the Middle East battlefield is rather hard.

16、“小李,什么时候请吃糖啊?”王奶奶笑着问道。““还没定呢。”她脸一红。

“Xiao Li,” Granny Wang smiled, “When can I eat your wedding candy?”

“That depends.” She blushed.

17、近来,研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染。

Recent research discoveries indicate that flu canbe spread by hand contacts.

18、计划生育,利国利民。

Family planning pays off.

19、最近几年,考托福的人大大减少了。

In recent years, the number of people who take the TOEFL test has decreased.

20、要提倡顾全大局。

To promote the consideration of the whole.

We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.

21、有些人以为男孩子总是比女孩子聪明。然而,事实并非如此。

Some people believe that boys are cleverer than girls. However, this is not necessarily the case.

22、人人都知道世界是由物质构成的。

It is universally known that the world is made of matter.

23、是良好的气候使西班牙成为旅游胜地。

The good climate of Spain makes it a tourist resort.(自翻)

24、绍兴是越瓷的产地。

Shaoxing is the home of Yue Porcelain[?p?:slin].

25、您还可以到杨贵妃洗澡的华清池去洗温泉澡。

You can also bathe in the warm mineral water of the Huaqing Springs that used to be the baths for Yang Guifei. (自翻)

(the Huaqing Hot Springs where visitors may bathe in the warm mineral water. This site used to be the private baths for Yang Guifei,favorite concubine[?k??kj??ba?n, ] of the Tang emperor.) 26、这对年轻夫妇并不相配,一个是西施,一个是张飞。

This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty, while the other i s a Zhangfei—a well-known ill-tempered brute [bru:t]残暴的人.

二、省略/减词法

27、朵朵鲜花开满了花园。

Flowers bloom all over the garden.

28、无论谁去,我都没有意见。

Whoever goes, I shall have no objection.

29、上星期他来看过我。

He came to visit me last week.

30、快点吧。他们在等着我们呢。

Hurry up! They are waiting for us.

31、虽然他们知道这场比赛必输无疑,但是他们决不放弃。

Though they know the competition will end in failure they will by no means give up.

32、因为可能下雨,所以他们决定不去旅游了。

As it looked like rain they decided to give up the trip.

33、他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。

Their optimism moved us greatly.

34、中国足球的落后状态必须改变。

The backwardness of Chinese National Football must be changed.

35、1992年后,一些西方国家失业现象很严重。

Since 1992 there has been serious unemployment [??nim?pl?im?nt] in some Western countries.

36、见到自己的故乡,他想起了童年的情景。

The sight of his native place called back his childhood.

37、请回答这个问题。

Please answer this question.

38、这涉及到态度问题。

It refers to the attitude.(自翻)

39、这些都是人民内部矛盾问题。

All these are contradictions among the people.

40、

不屈不饶 unswerving

自给自足 self-sufficient

经久耐用 durable

清规戒律 taboos

水深火热 in deep waters

花言巧语 fine words

日日夜夜 day and night

江河湖泊 rivers and lakes

男女老少 men and women old and young

41、这个大厅有四大优点:明亮、宽敞、样式新颖、没有回声。

The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo.

42、经济特区的设立给我们的社会带来了极大的繁荣、极大的昌盛。

The setting of special economic zone ahs brought us a flourishing society.

43、如果你觉得合适就干,不合适就别干,你自个儿看着办吧?

Go ahead if you think the job suits you and don’t if not. It’s all up to you to decide.

44、生也好,死也好,我们要忠于党,忠于人民,忠于祖国。

Live or die, we should be loyal to our Party, to our people and to our motherland.

45、说一个人自私自利,不只是因为他只图自己的利益,而是因为他不顾邻人的利益。

A man is called selfish, not for pursuing his own good, but for neglecting his neighbor’s.

46、中国有许多风俗习惯,在西方人看来这些风俗习惯是颇为费解的。

China has a great range of customs and habits that may seem puzzling to a westerner.

47、大多数动物会衰老,就像人会衰老一样。

Most animals will age as we do.

48、在我们系,王先生教修辞学,李先生教语言学,黄先生教翻译课。

In our department, Mr. Wang takes up teaching rhetoric, Mr. Li, linguistics and Mr. Huang, transla tion.

49、人急造反,狗急跳墙。

Even a worm [w?:m]虫,蠕虫will turn.

50、患难朋友才是真朋友。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

51、我帮助他,他帮助我。

We help each other.(自翻)

52、敌是敌,友是友,必须分清敌我界限。

A friend is a friend,and a foe is a foe.one must be distinguished from the other.

53、在工作中,我们必须避免犯不必要的错误。

We must avoid making (省略:unnecessary) mistakes.

54、他家里很穷,没有什么衣服可穿,也没有什么东西可吃。

His family was so poor that he has no more enough food to eat and clothing to wear.

55、由于各种各样的原因,他们常常感到心情压抑,事业受挫。

They often feel depressed and frustrated for a variety of reasons.

56、这份杂志内容有趣,文字浅显,立即畅销全国。

The magazine has gained immediate nationwide popularity at once as it is interesting and easy. 57、教师给孩子们上的课,节奏要快,内容要有趣,因为这些孩子们是在看电视和玩电脑游戏的环境中长大的。

Teachers have to make lessons fast-moving and entertaining for children who are raised on televisi on and computer games.

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增词译法和减词译法

Chapter 1 增词译法和减词译法 1.1 增词译法(amplification/adding words) ?英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能将词类转换,有时候也可能将词量增减。 ?增词法就是在翻译时按意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、通顺地表达原文思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意乱加,而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其义的一些词。 1.1.1 ? e.g. I’m really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an intervie w. ? e.g. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no ―ordinary Chinese‖ with paper flags and flowers. 1.1.2 ? e.g. With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages! ? e.g. What a day/life! 1.1.3 ? e.g. How the little girl looked after her old mother! ? e.g. As he began talking, words poured out. 1.1.4 1.1.4.1 ? e.g. Be sure to wash before meal. ? e.g. Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking. 1.1.4.2 ? e.g. The radio is indeed cheap and fine. 1.1.4.3 1.1.4.4 e.g. In the summer of 1969, the government publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 1.1.4.5 ? e.g. He felt the patriot rise within his breast. ? e.g. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 1.1.5 1.1.5.1 ? e.g. Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities. ? e.g. Rows of new houses have been set up. 1.1.5.2 ? e.g. The lion is the king of animals. ? e.g. The mountains were covered with snow. ? e.g. The crowd made a way for him. 1.1.6 ? e.g. I bought a new bike yesterday.

增词和减词

第2章增词和减词 增词 1,根据句法结构增词 (1)增补主语 不加持就会失败 One will fail unless one preserves. (2)增补非人称的或强势中的it 一天天冷起来了。 It is getting colder day by day. 我们费了很大力气才解决了那些问题。 It was with great effort that we solved those problem. (3)增补作宾语的代词或先行宾语it 他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤,就越会暴露。 The more he tried to hide his warts, the more he revealed them. 我们认为理论与实践相结合是十分重要的。 We think it most important that theory should be combined with practice. (4)增补物主代词 别把手搁在口袋里。 Don’t put your hands in your pockets. (5)增补并列连词 男女老少都参加了战斗。 Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.

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重复翻译法

You were born to run. And we were born to help you do it better. 奔跑是你的天性,让你跑得更快是我们的天职。运用了多种修辞手法:重复、押头韵 Skin firming/toning agent 紧肤水/爽肤水成分 Coriander 芫荽、香菜Lavender 薰衣草 Adidas Sports Shoes Over twenty-eight years ago, adidas gave birth to a new idea in sports shoes. And the people who wear our shoes have been running and winning ever since. In fact, adidas has helped them set over 400 world records in track and field alone. Maybe that’s why more and more football, soccer, basketball, baseball and tennis players are turning to adidas. They know that, whatever their game, they can rely on adidas workmanship and quality in every product we make. So whether you are pounding the roads on a marathon, or just jogging around the block, adidas shall be on your feet. You were born to run. And we were born to help you do it better. You’ll find us anywhere smart sports people buy their shoes. Adidas, the all sports people. 阿迪达斯运动鞋 28年前,阿迪达斯为运动鞋注入了一种全新的理念,从此以后,脚穿阿迪的运动健儿风驰电掣、频频夺冠。事实上,仅在田径场上阿迪达斯就帮助人们创造了400多项世界记录。或许正因为如此,才有越来越多的足球、橄榄球、篮球、棒球和网球运动员青睐这个品牌。他们知道,无论从事哪项运动,他们都可以信赖阿迪达斯

最新英汉翻译练习之省略法

Put the following sentences into Chinese, using the technique of omission. 1.If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 2.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 3.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful. 4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it. 5. 6.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical result of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others. 7. 8.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness. 9. 10.N ever trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you. 11.T he true joy of joys is joy that joys in the joy of others. 12.F or generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport man from place to place.

英语翻译之词义省略法

英语翻译之词义省略法 一、从语法角度来看 (一)省代词 1.省略作主语的人称代词 (1)省略作主语的人称代词 I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 我有很多美妙的想法,但是只把少数付诸实践了。 He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他瘦弱憔悴,看上去一副可怜相。 (2)英语中,泛指人称代词作主语时,即使是作第一个主语,在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。联展在线:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2e18735737.html,/xkyfd/ 考研学习:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2e18735737.html,/kcnet1450/ We live and learn. 活到老,学到老。 When will he arrive?—You can never tell. 他什么时候到?——说不准。

The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已经获取的,而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。 2.省略作宾语的代词 The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them. 他越是想要掩盖他的错误,就越是容易暴露。 Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。 3.省略物主代词 I put my hand into my pocket. 我把手放进口袋。 She listened to me with her rounded eyes. 她睁大双眼,听我说话。 (二)代词it的省略 Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.

翻译重复和省略法练习

1、试译下列各句,注意保持原文的重复手段。 1. It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society. 2. If once virtue is lost ,all is lost. 3. Year after year and century after century the moon goes through its cycles. 2、试译下列各句,注意用同义词表达原文中重复的词。 1. Easy come, easy go. 2. No pains, no gains. 3. A fall in the pit,m a gain in the wit. 3、试译下列各句,用四字重叠词语表达原文中的斜体词。 1. The toasts were flat. 2. It was not evasive in my reply. 3. A slating sunlight dappled the grass. 4、试译下列各句,用四字对偶词表达原文中的斜体字。 1. She is an awful fool of a woman. 2. The trial, in his opinion, was absolutely fair. 3. she told him of Johnsy’s fancy. 5、试译下列各句,注意省略作主语的斜体人称代词。 1.I am 78years old, I have been confined to my room with a paralytic stroke for the past 14 months. 2.Like his friend he had many wonderful ideas, but he only pout a few into practice. 6、试译下列各句,注意省略作宾语的斜体代词。 1. I’ve received your letter and read it with delight. 2. If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words. 7、试译下列各句,注意省略斜体的代词。

翻译技巧之重复法

重复法实际上也是一种增词法,只不过所增加的词是上文刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样,本应力求简练,尽量省略一些可有可无的词;但有时为了明确、强调或生动,却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。 一、为了明确 (一)重复名词 1. 重复英语中作宾语的名词 1)Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。 2)I had experienced oxygen and / or engine trouble. 我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障。 3)They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy. 他们开始研究敌情,分析敌情。 4)Thus, I wrote "Spain in Arms, 1937" and saw China in revolution in 1925-27, and later in war with Japan. 这样,我就写了《战斗中的西班牙(一九三七年)》。我也看到了一九二五年至一九二七年正在革命的中国,后来又看到了正同日本作战的中国。 2. 重复英语中作表语的名词 1)He became an oil baron -- all by himself. 他成为一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王。 2)This has been our position -- but not theirs. 这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。 3)John is your friend as much as he is mine. 约翰既是你的朋友,又是我的朋友。 3. 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词

增词译法

第三章词法翻译 四、增词译法(Amplification) 英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时有可能要在词量上加以增减。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义上(或修辞上)和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺的表达原文的思想内容。 不是无中生有的随意增词,而是增加原文中虽无其词但有其意的词。 一、根据句法上的需要增词 (一)增补原文答句中的省略部分 1. Is this your book? Yes, it is. 这是你的书吗?是我的。 (Yes, it is. = Yes, it is mine.) 2. Do you love him? Yes, of course I do. 你爱他吗?我当然爱他。 (Yes, of course I do. = Yes, of course I love him.) (二)增补原文句子中所省略的动词 1. He remembered the incident, as had his wife. 他记得这件事,他的妻子早就记起来了。 2. I believed it too. But I don’t now. 过去我也是相信的。可是现在,我不相信了。 3. We don’t retreat, we never have and never will. 我们不后退,我们从来没有后退过,将来也决不后退。 4. I fell madly in love with her, and she with me. 我狂热地爱上了她,她也狂热地爱上了我。 5. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确。 6. An eagle and a fox had long lived together as good neighbors; the eagle at the summit of a high tree, the fox in a hole at the foot of it. 一只鹰和一只狐狸长期友好的住在一起,鹰住在一棵高高的树顶上,狐狸住在树下一个洞里。 7. Many people can bear adversity, but few contempt. 很多人能够忍受逆境,但很少人能忍受被人轻视。 (三)增补原文比较句中的省略部分 1. The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人们愿意服侍她,就像他们愿意服侍他们的女主人一样。 2. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。 3. The Chinese way of co-operations is more inventive than others. 中国的合作方式比别国的合作方式更有特色。

翻译中的增词和减词

有人误以为,所谓合乎翻译标准,就是在把一种语言转换为另一种语言时,做到“不增不减”。翻译实践告诉我们,由于两种语言表达方式上存在差异,翻译时往往都是“既增又减”。这种根据各自语言特点,在具体上下文中适当地“增、减”,就是我们所要讨论的翻译技巧。 词量增减,是指根据原文上下文的意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯,在翻译时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含的词,或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着的词。必须指出的是,词量增减必须防止两个倾向:一是添枝加叶,任意发挥;二是避难就易,肆意裁割。 1、增词 增词,从理论上说可以增加任何词,但在什么时候增加什么样的词,才能恰到好处,而不超出一定界限,则需要悉心体会。下面试分析几个译例: 1)A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper. 译文一:一本书,紧紧合上,只是一叠纸。 译文二:一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠纸。 译文三:一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠废纸。 译文四:闲置之书只是一叠废纸。 上面同一个句子四个译文,可以体现翻译不同层次。译文一,与原文似乎丝丝入扣,但却显得支离破碎、关系不清、语意不足;译文二,增加了“如果……不读”,意思明白无误,只是觉得言犹未尽;译文三,又增加了一个废字,这可是点睛之举。能否译出这个废字,是翻译这个句子的关键。一个废字,说话者语意才得以充分表达。译文三不足之处,就是行文拖沓累赘;而译文四则简明扼要,笔酣墨浓了。 2)Success is often just an idea away. 译文一:成功往往只是一个念头的距离。 译文二:成功往往只是一念之差。 译文三:成功与否往往只是一念之差。 译文一让人看后莫名其妙;译文二改变说法,但仍让人似懂非懂,而译文三只是简简单单增加了一个“与否”,但却使人豁然开朗!原句意思表达得淋漓尽致。 如同文学翻译一样,经贸文字翻译增词现象也是千变万化。下面实例可供学习者体会增词原理和技巧。 1)All cash bonus shall be subject to income tax.所有现金红利,均须缴纳所得税。(根据汉语行文习惯,增加动词。)

7省略法的翻译(教师版)

英汉翻译常用技巧----省略法 Oct. 17th–21st 省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不翻译出来。原因是译文中虽无其词但已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之,省略是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。但省略并非把原文的意义删去。 一、从语法结构考虑的省略 1. 代词的省略 A.省略作主语的代词。汉语习惯中,前句出现一个主语,后句如仍为同一主语,就不必重复。英语中则通常每句都有主语,人称代词往往多次出现。英译汉中该类人称代词常常可以省略。eg1. He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴,看上去一幅可怜相。 eg2. Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice. 像他的朋友一样,他头脑里虽然有许多美妙的想法,却只有少数付诸实施。 eg3. My elder brother did not come yesterday, he went to his friend’s home. 我的弟弟昨天没来,到朋友家去了。 B. 泛指的代词常常不译。 eg4.When will he arrive? – You can never tell. 他什么时候到?很难说。 eg5. One is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。 eg6. All those years in the military, where there were certain standards and rules; where young men treated their superiors with respect; where you gave an order and it was obeyed; where a uniform meant you were all on the same side. 多年来的军队生涯,那里总是有一定的标准和规则;年轻人尊敬上级;发出命令,人人遵守;同样的制服就意味着站在同一边。 eg7. He who cannot forgive others destroys the bridge over which he himself must pass. 人不宽容他人,就会断了自己的后路。 eg8. If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader. 打蛇先打头,擒贼先擒王。 C. 省略作宾语的代词。 eg9. In fact, Hitler’s ―blitz‖ carried him so far in Russia, to the very gate of Leningrad by September, a city he was never to seize. 事实上,希特勒所进行的“闪电战”曾深入苏境,九月份已直逼列宁格勒--一座他始终未能攻陷的城市。 eg10. I’ve received your letter and read it with delight. 我收到你的来信,很愉快地读了。 eg11. In fact he showed quite clearly that the Copernican ideas were correct. But he did not say

笔译技巧3 英汉互译中的增词法和减词法

英汉互译中的增词法和减词法 (一)语法增减词 A.英汉在语法上存在某些明显的差异; B.英语有冠词,汉语没有; C.英语多用代词,相较汉语; D.英语介词丰富,汉语介词很少; E.英语多用关联词语,汉语主要靠逻辑关系来铺排句子,强调意念的连贯性;F.汉语多用助词表示各种语气。 例如: a.I’ve been rich and I’ve been poor —and I tell you , rich is better. 富裕也罢,贫穷也罢,我都经历过。说实话,富裕当然胜过贫穷。(省略关联词和已出现过的作主语的人称代词) b.活到老,学到老。 One is never too old to learn .(增加人称代词) c.该地区已没什么城乡差别。 There is little difference between town and country in this region .(增加介词) d.Is more growth really better ? 经济发展得越快越好吗?(增加语气词) (二)词义增减词 A.很多情况下,英汉词汇的语义范围往往有宽窄之分,并非一一对应; B.如果英语词汇的语义范围比汉语宽,英译汉时要采取增词法,使原文隐含的 意思得以充分表达; C.如果英语词汇的语义范围比汉语窄,英译汉时要则要采用减词法。 例如: a.It is pointed out that the sheer(纯粹的,一味地)increase in quantity of products has imposed an enormous cost on society in the form(方式,形式)of pollution ,crowding , proliferation(激增)of wastes that need disposal , and debilitating(使虚弱,使衰弱)psychological and social effects. 一味地追求产品数量的增长 已经让社会付出了巨大的代价。 比如环境污染,交通拥挤,需特殊处理废物的激增, 以及由此造成的负面的心理及社会影响。(增词法) b.The only cure for envy in the case of ordinary men and women is happiness , and the difficulty is that envy is itself a terrible obstacle to happiness. 对于普通人而言,治疗嫉妒的唯一方法是快乐,然而困难在于,嫉妒本身就是快

增词法和减词法 translation

Amplification & Omission增词法和减词法 翻译的标准首先是忠实于原文。那么,忠实是否就意味着我们在翻译过程中不能增加词也不能减少词呢?实际上并非如此。美国著名翻译学家奈达曾经说过“Translation is translating meaning”,在翻译过程中主要是准确表达出原文的意思,而不必拘泥于原文用词的形式。英汉两种语言不论在词汇上还是在句法上都存在着显著的差异,一味拘泥于原文的形式,有时会令人费解、语句罗嗦或偏离原文的意思。适当地增加一些词或者省略一些词,恰恰是为了达到忠实于原文或者通顺流畅表达的目的。下面分别举例介绍一下英汉翻译过程中常见的增词和减词的用法。 1.增词法 增词法并不是说译者可以随心所欲地增加任何词。一般说来,增加的词尽管没有出现在原文字面上,但实际上其意思都隐含在原文中。经常使用的增词法有以下几种情况: (1)增加表示时态和复数的词 英语具有某些综合形语言的特征,可以通过名词、动词的词形变化来表现时态和复数。而汉语则是典型的分析形语言,词形本身没有变化,要表示时态和复数需要通

过增加相应的时间副词或表示复数的词。所以一定要注意在汉语译文中添加这些词,如: 例1:His father was a fisherman. He was as poor as we are. 译文:他父亲过去是个渔夫。那时候他和我们现在一样穷。 例2:The agreement will come into force next spring. 译文:协议将于明年生效。 例3:Lion is the king of animals. 译文:狮子是百兽之王。 例4:As is known to all, air is a mixture of gases. 译文:众所周知,空气是许多种气体的混合物。 (2)增加语义表达中需要的词 增加语义表达中需要的词,是指为了使译文表达通顺流畅而根据汉语的表达习惯增加的一些词。经常增加的语义表达中需要的词有动词、名词、形容词、副词和量词。 1) 增加动词 汉语句子中动词占优势,使用的频率很高。因此英汉翻译中经常需要根据上下文的意思添加一些动词,使译文表达更加清楚、通顺,如: 例5:He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.

增词法减词法补充,课后看

通过英译汉中的增词法减词法复习汉译英增词法减词法 I. What is Omission Omission: Amplification to leave out some unnecessary words. One of the differences in syntax between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording.What is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or even “a stumbling block”in the other.For the sake of succinctness,functional words in English such as the article,the preposition are usually omitted in translation. The time-keeping devices of electronic watches are much more accurate than those of mechanical ones. 电子表比机械表准确得多。 He took off his coat and shoes. Then he put on his slippers,went to the sofa and began to watch TV. After a moment, he asked hiswife to bring him a cup of tea. 他脱了大衣和鞋子,然后穿上拖鞋,走到沙发前,开始看电视。过了一会儿,他叫妻子给他端杯茶来。 3) A difference arose between the neighbors over the height of the fence. 邻居之间为了篱笆的高度惹起了一场争论。 邻居为篱笆的高低有过争论。(思果,《译道探微》,中国对外翻译出版公司,2002)II. Omission of pronoun 1.在英语中,代词充当主语的情况相当多。为了使译文前后的句子意思紧凑,避免重复用词,汉语习惯采用无主句,其主语就是前面的代词。 He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.

增词与减词在法律英语翻译中的应用_熊征

增词与减词在法律英语翻译中的应用 熊 征 (西北师范大学外国语学院,甘肃兰州 730070) 摘要:以英汉翻译的两个基本技巧———增词和减词为依据,认为作为翻译学科的一个分支,法律英语翻译同样需要适时增词和减词;由于中西方语言和法律制度的巨大差异,加之法律语言表述具有严谨性和规范性的特征,所以法律英语翻译中的增词与减词现象具有一定的独特性。并结合大量实例,对这一现象进行了初步分析。 关键词:增词;法律英语翻译;减词中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1008-3863(2007)05-0062-04 一、法律英语翻译概述 法律英语在英语国家中被称为LegalLanguage或LanguageoftheLaw,即法律语言,美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校法学院教授DavidMellinkof认为,法律英语是指“在英语为官方语言的国家里,律师在一般的司法活动中通常所使用的语言”。[1] “法律语言具有与非法律语言明显不同的句法 特点”[2] ,法律英语作为一种具有规约性的语言分 支,有其独特的风格特点,即严谨,准确,简练。这一特点也体现在翻译中。进行法律英语翻译,需要克服许多障碍,比如英美法系与大陆法系的区别,中英文表达习惯的不同,对等专业术语的欠缺,法律文化传统的冲突等,因此大多数法律文书的翻译都不能满足于机械的对等表达,也不能以追求“华丽”“雅致”为业,而应将规范和准确放在第一位,使原文涵义在译文中得到完整的体现。笔者认为在翻译过程中根据具体情况,进行适当的增词或减词,应可以作为克服以上障碍的一种途径。本文将探讨增词与减词在法律英语翻译中的具体运用。 二、法律英语翻译的增词 所谓增词,“就是要根据上下文的意思、逻辑关 系以及目的语的表达习惯,增加词量,以表达原文 字面没有出现但已经包含的意思”。[3] 增词主要是因 为英汉两种语言在遣词造句以及思维方法上的不同特点造成的。法律语言的表述,失之毫厘,谬以千里。某些法律英语的表述虽然简单,但丝毫不会影响其内容的准确性。因此,在翻译成汉语时,为避免引起误解,就需要根据汉语的习惯和语法规则对这些词或句子予以重述。在法律英语翻译中,增词现象主要包含以下几个方面: 1.增加表示具体范畴的词汇 鉴于法律语言的严谨性和规范性特点,在法律英语汉译过程中需要适当添加一定的词汇,以限定范围,提高表述的准确性。 (1)ThisAgreementismadebyandbetween ___Companyhavingitsregisteredofficein___(place)and___Company,addressofwhichis___(housenumber,street,city). 译文:本协议由__公司(注册营业地在)和__公司(法定地址是__市__街__号)之间达成。 地址有多处,在通常的法律语言环境下,“ad-dress” 即表示“法定地址”,因此翻译成汉语时,需要收稿日期:2007-04-11 作者简介:熊征(1980-),男,湖南湘乡人,西北师范大学外国语学院讲师,硕士。 第9卷第5期2007年10月沈阳教育学院学报 JournalofShenyangCollegeofEducationVol.9No.5Oct.2007

翻译中的增词和减词教学提纲

翻译中的增词和减词

有人误以为,所谓合乎翻译标准,就是在把一种语言转换为另一种语言时,做到“不增不减”。翻译实践告诉我们,由于两种语言表达方式上存在差异,翻译时往往都是“既增又减”。这种根据各自语言特点,在具体上下文中适当地“增、减”,就是我们所要讨论的翻译技巧。 词量增减,是指根据原文上下文的意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯,在翻译时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含的词,或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着的词。必须指出的是,词量增减必须防止两个倾向:一是添枝加叶,任意发挥;二是避难就易,肆意裁割。 1、增词 增词,从理论上说可以增加任何词,但在什么时候增加什么样的词,才能恰到好处,而不超出一定界限,则需要悉心体会。下面试分析几个译例: 1)A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper. 译文一:一本书,紧紧合上,只是一叠纸。 译文二:一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠纸。 译文三:一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠废纸。 译文四:闲置之书只是一叠废纸。 上面同一个句子四个译文,可以体现翻译不同层次。译文一,与原文似乎丝丝入扣,但却显得支离破碎、关系不清、语意不足;译文二,增加了“如果……不读”,意思明白无误,只是觉得言犹未尽;译文三,又增加了一个废字,这可是点睛之举。能否译出这个废字,是翻译这个句子的关键。一个废字,说话者语意才得以充分表达。译文三不足之处,就是行文拖沓累赘;而译文四则简明扼要,笔酣墨浓了。 2)Success is often just an idea away. 译文一:成功往往只是一个念头的距离。 译文二:成功往往只是一念之差。 译文三:成功与否往往只是一念之差。 译文一让人看后莫名其妙;译文二改变说法,但仍让人似懂非懂,而译文三只是简简单单增加了一个“与否”,但却使人豁然开朗!原句意思表达得淋漓尽致。 如同文学翻译一样,经贸文字翻译增词现象也是千变万化。下面实例可供学习者体会增词原理和技巧。 1)All cash bonus shall be subject to income tax.所有现金红利,均须缴纳所得税。(根据汉语行文习惯,增加动词。)

英汉翻译法5——省略法

2.2.3 省略法 省略法也被称为减词法(pruning)。跟增词法刚好相反,省略法是指把原文中有的词语省掉不译出来,但省掉的都是一些可有可无的或违背译语语言习惯的词,如实词众的代词、动词的省略,虚词中的冠词、介词和连词的省略等,目的是为了在忠实的基础上使译文更加简洁通顺。 一、由于语法差异而需要省略: 1.代词的省略:英语中代词的使用频率远远高于汉语,根据实际情况有时需要把代词所指代的人或事物重复出来,而有时则可以直接省掉,有人称代词(主格或宾格),物主代词等。 例1.Order is order. We cannot complain, we cannot bargain, we cannot question and we cannot suggest changes. 命令就是命令,不得抱怨,不得讨价还价,不得置疑,不得建议修改。例2.One must make painstaking efforts before one can master a foreign language. 要掌握一门外语非下苦功夫不可. 例3.He put his hands in his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders. 他把双手放进衣兜里,耸了耸肩。 例4. A person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearms are activated by a device like this one. 脊髓神经有损伤的人使用这样的装置后,前臂肌肉被激活,便能抓住东西。 2.It的省略:it作形式主语或宾语,强调句中的it,或表示自然现象、时间、地点、距离等的it常常可以省略。 例:P31 3.连接词的省略:英语是一种形合的语言,连接词使用较多;而汉语是一种意合的语言,上下文的关系往往是暗含的,所以原文的一些连接词常常可以省略。 The transfer of administrative personnel in that colony is so frequent as to create a kaleidoscopic (万花筒)effect. 在那个殖民地,行政官员调换频繁,就像走马灯似的。 Check the voltage setting before you connect your computer to the wall socket. 检查电压设置,再接通计算机电源。 If you remember these points, it will help you. 记住这几点,对你们会有帮助。 4.冠词的省略:由于汉语中没有冠词,很多情况下都不译冠词。 Can the man be free if the woman is a slave? 女人做奴隶,男人能自由吗? Death’s approach is accompanied by a darkening of the patient’s blood. 死亡临近时,病人血液的颜色会加深。

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