2010~2018年湖南常德市中考英语真题专题汇编及详细答案-翻译
翻译
一．填空题（共6小题）
1．（2012?常德）第一节英汉互译
阅读短文，将文中划线部分译成汉语或英语．
Being a youth （青年）is one thing，and being a good one is another．
A good youth should have these qualities （品质）：71．首先，健康是最重要的．Without it，
nothing can be done well．If you are poor in health，you can't work，do sports and so on．72．Secondly，one must have a kind heart．Always do something good for others．Help those in trouble and care about the people around you．If everyone does the same，we will have
a wonderful world．73．Thirdly，one must have the ability to work with others．Cooperation
（合作）and communication （交际）are two important key keys to better human relations （关系）．74．Everyone needs friends because no one can live alone.75．此外，人人都要热爱祖国． A good youth will do the things his country asks him to do．I think a good youth of today should also have some training in art．If they can enjoy arts，they can also enjoy lif e．
【解答】答案：
71，Firstly，health is the most important of all，"首先"的英文表达为"firstly"，通常放在句首，根据"the+形容词最高级"意为"最…""重要"的英文表达为important，其最高级为the most important，of all表范围．故译为Firstly，health is the most important of all．
72，第二，一个人必须有热心肠，secondly意为"其次，第二"，情态动词must表示"必须"have在本句中为实意动词意为"拥有"，a kind heart"热心肠"．故整句话可译为第二，一个人必须有热心肠．
73，第三，一个人必须有和他人协作的能力，thirdly意为"第三"；have the ability to do sth，意为"有能力做某事"work with sb 意为"和某人一起工作"；故整句话可译为第三，一个人必须有和他人协作的能力
74，人人都需要朋友，因为没有人能够独立生存，need在句中为实意动词意为"需要"，because意为"因为"在句中引导原因状语从句，no one指全否定，没有人；live alone意为"单独生活"，故整句话可译为人人都需要朋友，因为没有人能够独立生存．
75，Besides，everyone should love his country．根据"此外，人人都要热爱祖国"表示"除了
上文提到的品质还要热爱祖国"故"此外"的英文表达为"besides"意为"除..以外（还有）"人人的英文表达为everyone，情态动词should可表示"应该"，后接动词原形，"热爱祖国"
表达为love his country．故整句话可译为Besides，everyone should love his country．2．（2011?常德）你最爱哪一种（菜），西红柿，洋白菜，还是豌豆？
Which do you like best，tomatoes，cabbage or peas？
【解答】答案：like best；
通过对比，可知英文句子缺少"最爱"的表达；"最爱"也就是"最喜欢"，所以谓语动词可以用like；根据tomatoes，cabbage or peas可知这是三者之间作比较，所以应该用最高级，指最爱的那一个，所以此处应该用副词well的最高级best，放在like后修饰该词．故填：like best
3．（2011?常德）他们想知道明天是否会下雨o
They want to know if/whether it will rain tomorrow．
【解答】答案：if/whether it；
通过对比，可知英文句子缺少"是否"的表达；根据They want to know 可知后面跟的是宾语从句作know的宾语；"是否"应该用连接词if/whether；后接从句，所以在谓语动词will rain前应该为主语，这里用it来代指天气．故填：if/whether it
4．（2011?常德）我想能尽快看到他．
I would like to see him as soon as possible，please．
【解答】答案：as soon；
通过对比，可知英文句子缺少"尽快"的完整表达；根据关键词as possible可知此处应用固定结构as…as possible尽可能怎么样的；"快地"应该用副词的原级soon放在as…as的中间，即as soon as possible"尽快地"，符合意义及用法．故填：as soon
5．（2011?常德）你曾到过西山农场吗？
Have you ever been to West Hill Farm？
【解答】答案：been to；
通过对比，可知英文句子缺少"到过"的完整表达；根据汉语意思是指"曾到过某地"结合关键词Have you ever 可知此句应该用现在完成时表达，指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响；其构成为has/have+过去分词；"曾经去过某地"应用固定说法has/have been to+地点名词；这里是疑问句把助动词have提至句首，所以空处应该填入been to．
6．（2011?常德）他吃了药后才感到好些．
He didn't feel better till/until he had the medicine．
【解答】答案：didn't，till/until
通过对比，可知英文句子缺少"直到…才"的完整表达；应用固定短语not…until（till）；
这句话的言外之意为：他不吃药感觉就不会好；联系语境可知这是已经发生的事，所以
用一般过去时；feel为动词，better为副词well的比较级，所以否定式应该借助于助动词did+not缩写为didn't；后面填入连词until/till（直到）．故填：didn't，till/until
二．阅读理解（共3小题）
7．（2017?常德）Chinese people have been celebrating Mid﹣Autumn Festival and enjoying moonackes for centuries．61．Mooncakes are in the shape of a full moon on the Mid﹣Autumn night．They carry people's wishes to the families they love and miss．
62．这个节日流传着许多传统民间故事．63．However，most people think that the story of Chang'e is the most touching．Chang'e was Hou Yi's beautiful wife．After Hou Yi shot down the nine suns， a goddess gave him a magic medicine to thank him．Whoever took this could live forever，and Hou Yi planned to drink it with Chang'e．However， a bad man，Pang Meng，tried to steal the medicine when Hou Yi was not home．64．嫦娥不肯给他，把药一口吞下．She became very light and flew up to the moon．Hou Yi was so sad that he called out her name to the moon every night．65．One night，he found that the moon was so bright and round that he could see his wife there．He quickly laid out her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden．How he wished that Chang'e could come back!
After this，people started the tradition of admiring the moon and sharing mooncakes with their families．
61．月饼像中秋节晚上圆月的形状．
62．There are many traditional folk stories about this festival．
63．然而，大多数人认为嫦娥的故事是最感人的．
64．Chang'e refused to give it to him and drank it all．
65．有一天晚上，他看见月亮又大又圆，他都可以看见他在那里的妻子．
【解答】61．此句中the shape of a full moon on the Mid﹣Autumn night 的意思是"中秋节晚上圆月的形状"．故答案是：月饼像中秋节晚上圆月的形状．
62．"许多传统的民间故事"是many traditional folk stories ，此处结合汉语判断用句式：There are +名词复数．故答案是：There are many traditional folk stories about this festival．