高级英语第一册Unit14 Speech on Hitler

Unit14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R

II. About the author

Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965), eldest son of Lord Randolph, a Tory politician, and Jenny Jerome, daughter of a New York businessman.

1874: born on Nov. 30 at Blenheim Palace, the home given by Queen Anne to his ancestor, the Duke of Marlborough.

1888: went to Harrow and then to the Royal Military College at Sandhurst;

1895: visited the Spanish army fighting against Cuban rebels;

1897: was with the British army in India;

1898: took part in the battle of Omdurman in the Sudan as a war correspondent; 1899: set out fro the Boer War as correspondent to the London Morning Post.

1900: entered the House of Commons; critical of the Conservative Government; 1904: joined the Liberals; a member of Lord Asquith’s cabinet by 1908;

1911-1915: First Lord of the Admiralty in Oct. in the stated year;

1917: Minister of Munitions; then Minister of War;

1924-1929: back to the Conservative Party; Chancellor of the Exchequer under Stanley Baldwin

1940: became Prime Minister in May;

1945: defeated in the election in July;

1951: again became Prime Minister;

1953: created Knight of the Garter by the Queeen; awarded the Nobel Prize in literature; 1955: resigned office and ended his public career;

1965: died on Jan. 24; was given a state funeral.

Major works:

The World Crisis (6 vols, 1923-1931);

An Account of World War I;

The Second World War (6 vols, 1948-953);

History of the English Speaking Peoples (4 vols, 1956-1958)

III. Detailed Study of the Text

1. the news was brought to me of Hitler's invasion of Russia.

1) The "of" phrase modifies the noun "news". It is an adjective phrase.

2) News always has the plural form but takes a singular verb.

E.g. The news is bad.

2. This changed conviction into certainty:

1) In the past it was my belief that Hitler would soon attack the Soviet Union; but now it was no longer a belief, it had become a fact.

2) conviction: a very firm and sincere belief

e.g.: 1. I speak in the full conviction that our cause is just.

2. From the way she spoke, you could tell she was speaking from conviction. Note: Conviction generally implies that a prior doubt existed and now has been removed because one has been convinced or assured of the truth.

3. I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and our policy lay:

lie: exist, be found, reside

e.g.: 1) In unity lay strength.

2) We know where our problems lie, and we have begun to solve some of them.

3) The bitter experience of the past few years has shown that prosperity lies in unity and cooperation.

4) The next step lies with us.

5) In battle, the art of command lies in understanding that no two situations are ever the same.

4. Nor indeed what to say:

Nor did I have indeed the slightest doubt as to what I was (ought) to say.

5. There only remained the task of composing it:

1) "It" refers to "What I was to say".

2) The only task left was to put what I was going to say into shape; to write down what

I was going to say; to work out the statement.

6. I asked that notice should be given that I would. . . :

1) The "that "clause is an appositive clause.

2) give notice: inform (the B. B.C.)

7. Presently ...... with detailed news:

1) presently: before long, shortly, soon

2) hasten: (cause to) move or happen faster, connoting urgency or sometimes a

sudden and premature result

Examples: 1.The storm's approach hastened our departure.

2. The results of the election hastened his decision.

8. had surprised a large portion.

1) surprise (v): attack suddenly and without warning; come upon suddenly or unexpectedly

2) grounded (past participle): lying stationary on the airfields

3) When the Germans attacked, they took the Russians by surprise and destroyed a high percentage of Soviet airplanes before they could take off.

9. and seemed to be driving forward: and seemed to be advancing rapidly, and their

attack was fierce

10. I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes:

1) round u: herd together, collect together (people or animals who are scattered; or who have fled, etc. )

2) horde : a large moving crowd or throng

3) You can't find the antecedent of "they "in the previous sentence because it is in quotes.”They" means the Red armymen.

4) I think the Red armymen will be surrounded and captured in surprisingly large numbers.

11. there was not time to consult the War Cabinet".

1) consult: to ask advice of; discuss

2) the War Cabinet: On 10 May 1940, Churchill formed a national government (coalition government) with him as the Prime Minister and Attlee from the Labor Party as the Deputy Prime Minister.

12. we all felt the same on this issue.

1) on the issue of Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union

2) we had the same attitude; we shared the same view

13. the following account . . . may be of interest.

1) account: a descriptive report

2) (of) interest: quality of exciting or holding one's attention

14. Mr. and Mrs. Winant . . . were staying

Mr. and Mrs. Winant . . . were visitors (or guests)

15. he thought that Hitler was counting on enlisting . . .

1) enlist: win the support of; get the help or services of? obtain (help, sympathy, etc. )

1/ Can I enlist your help in collecting money for the people made homeless by the foreign invaders?

2/ He tried to enlist their sympathies.

2) sympathy: a feeling of approval of or agreement with an idea, a cause, etc.

3 ) Right Wing: the more conservative or reactionary section of a political party,

group, etc.

4) Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia , he would win in Britain and the U. S.

the support of those who were enemies of Communism.

16. we should go all out to help Russia.

go all out to: make one's utmost effort

17. the same would be true of the U. S.A.

1) true of: true concerning; true as regards

2) the United States would do the same; adopt the same attitude; this would also be

the attitude of the U.S.

18. he reverted to this theme

1) revert: go back to a former subject; talk about again

2) "This theme" refers to the subject they. had been talking about during dinner, namely Hitler' s imminent attack and their stand.

19. I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not bowing down

in the House of Rimmon:

1) a metaphor and a biblical allusion (see Note 10 to the text)

2) whether he was not renouncing his previous attitude towards communism; whether

he was not changing his position since he had all along been opposed to communism.

20. my life is much simplified thereby: In this way, my life is made much easier; in this way, it will be much easier for me to decide on my attitude towards events.

Thereby: by that means, as result of that

21. If Hitler invaded Hell I would make. . .

1) If Hitler should attack Hell, a most hated place, I would still say a word in favor of the Devil, the foe of mankind, in the House of Commons; I would say a word in favor of anyone who is attacked by Hitler, no matter how bad, how wicked or evil he had been in the past.

2) reference: an individual allusion or direction of the attention

Examples:

1/ They never made any reference to their need for technology from the oil companies. 2/ In his address to the combined Assembly, Sadat made veiled references to the Soviet Union and said, "The days of dependence are over".

22. to the effect: having that result or implication; with . . . general meaning

23. except for:

1) apart from, e.g. 1/ Except for an old lady, the bus was empty.

2/ I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door.

3/ He answered all the questions except for the last one.

2) but for; if it were not for? Without, e.g. 1/ Except for you, I should be dead by now.

2/ She would not leave the place except for the children.

24. he devoted the whole day to it; "It" refers to "the speech".

25. The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and

racial domination;

1) devoid ( of): completely without; destitute or empty of

2) theme: a recurring, unifying subject or idea

3) appetite: very strong desire; an intense and prolonged desire

4) The Nazi state does not have any ideal or guiding principle at all. All it has is a strong desire for conquest and rule by the "Aryan" race, the allegedly most superior race in the world.

26. It excels all forms . . .:

1) The Nazi regime is very cruel and it invades other countries in a most savage way. It can carry out its cruel invasions so effectively that it beats (surpasses) any action of this kind in human history; the Nazi regime is very effective in cruel suppression of and savage attack on other countries; in this respect it is worse than any other kno wn form of evil.

2) excel: to be better than;

3) efficiency: The Nazis ran the war like a successful big business; e. g. they kept full records and documentation of all their atrocities. Gas chambers are excellent examples of efficient and inexpensive mass killing.

27. No one has been . . .

1) consistent<, /I>: marked by steady continuity throughout; showing no significant change or contradiction; continually keeping to the same principles

2) For the past twenty-five years I have always been the firmest opponent of communism and have never changed my position.

3) no ... to be more . . . than: e.g.

No American of his time was more national in his interest or universal in his friendship than was Roosevelt.

28. I will unsay . . .:

1) 1 will not take back a single word of what I have said about communism.

2) unsay: take back or retract (what has been said); withdraw or disavow (a statement, a promise)

The author makes it very clear here that he remains an anti-communist politician and he feels no twinge of conscience for what he had said about communism. This positive, unyielding statement makes the contrast brought about in the following sentence more striking.

29. But all this fades away . . . :

1) "All this" refers to communism and his opposition to communism.

2) But compared to the painful sight that is now opening out to our view, all the evils of communism and my opposition to communism become insignificant. The evils of communism mean nothing as compared with the crimes committed by Nazi Germany on Soviet soil. So I shall bury past differences.

3) unfold: become clear, more fully known

4) spectacle: Here it means a deplorable, painful sight.

30. The past . . . :

1) flash ( away): pass swiftly and suddenly to move quickly out of sight

2) Let' s forget the past: the crimes the communist regime committed, the foolish things it did (e.g., the Non-aggression Pact) and the tragic suffering of its people

31. which their fathers . . .:

1) Fathers: refers to forefathers, ancestors.

2) immemorial: extending back beyond memory; ancient

3) on which their ancestors have worked from ancient times for there are times. 32. ah, yes, for there are times: There are times when everyone, without exception, will pray. Even the Russians will pray. Sometimes, at critical moments, everyone—even communists—turn to prayer.

32’.Prussian officers: Before German Unification, there were more than 30 states among which Prussia and Austria were the largest. In 1871, the then Chancellor of the North German Confederation, Otto Von Bismarck, brought all these states into unified nation called the “German Empire”. Bismarck became the first Chancellor of the German Empire and held the position until March 20, 1890. He was also remembered in German history as “the iron Chancellor”.

33. its crafty expert agents. . .

1) fresh: recently returned

tie down:(obsolete) reduce to bondage

2) the S. S agents who specialize in genocide and who have just accomplished the task of crushing and enslaving a dozen countries

(Hitler assigned a unit of S. S. men to every army unit, with express orders to annihilate a large portion of the population.)

34. I see also the dull. . . :

l) The German soldiers are stupid, obedient, easy to manage, savage. They move on in massive formation from one place to another, sowing destruction and death, just like

a large crowd of moving locusts, eating up everything in the fields.

2) Churchill uses an apt simile, comparing the German soldiers to locusts because they have one thing in common--the spreading of destruction.

35. still smarting . . .:

1) smart:feel pain and resentment

2) whipping: (informal) defeat

3) The Luftwaffe (the Nazi air force) has suffered severe losses in the aerial Battle of England. Now they feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss.

36. behind all this glare...

1) glare: a rather vague term, referring perhaps to “hostile, fierce looks” or “hatred”

2) storm: fighting, war

3) launch this cataract of horrors: start this flood of horrors

4) Behind all this hostility and fighting I see that small group of wicked men who make the world suffer untold miseries and unparalleled disasters.

37. I feel sure …:

1) I am sure that our Dominions will agree with us in proper time.

2) in due course: at the right time ; due: suitable, fitting, proper

38. We are resolved . . . :

1) be resolved: be firm and fixed in purpose

2) vestige: a trace, mark, or sign of sth that once existed but has passed away or

disappeared

39. From this…:

1) Inversion: repetition for emphasis

2) There is nothing which can divert our attention

40. It follows therefore...:

follow: happen as a necessary result of, e.g.:

1) Disease often follows war.

2) Just because he is at the bottom of the class, it doesn't follow that he has no brains; he may just be lazy.

3) That conclusion by no means follows.

4) If one writes poetry, it naturally follows that he must understand poetry.

41. to take the same course…: to adopt the same attitude and policy and keep to it

42. without distinction of race, creed, or party: no matter what your nationality is,

what religious belief you have or what political party you belong to; paying no

attention to any difference in nationality, religious belief, or party affiliation

43. It is not for me to speak of the action of the United States: I am not in a position to say what action the United States should take.

44. if Hitler imagines ...... woefully mistaken:

1) Hitler will realize that he is deplorably wrong in thinking that since he is fighting

Communism, the west will stand by and let him destroy the Soviet Union and will not fight him as hard as they are now doing; Hitler may think that since he is fighting the Soviet Union which the west opposed in the past, the West will not be so determined in fighting and destroying Nazi Germany. If he had that assumption in mind when he attacked the Soviet Union, he will find that he is deplorably wro ng and will have to pay for it.

2) divergence: the action of going out in different directions

slacken: reduce in activity, force, etc.

44. On the contrary . . . from his tyranny:

1) fortify: impart vigor or physical strength or endurance to; strengthen mentally or morally

2) No, we will not do that (diverge in our aims or slacken our efforts). Instead, we will fight with greater courage and redouble our efforts in the struggle to end fascism. 45. We shall be strengthened ... in resources:

1) resources: (pl.) available money or property; wealth; sth that a country, state, etc.

has and can use to its advantage

2) We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our

resources. We shall not relax our efforts; we shall bring our resources into fuller play.

46. this is no time . . .:

1) What we need now is not tedious explanation of how foolish those countries and

governments were in letting themselves be overrun by Germany one by one without forming a united front to fight Germany. If they had fought in a unified way, they might have saved themselves and therefore saved the world.

2) moralize: (usu, derog. ) express one's thoughts on the wrongness of; indulge in

moral reflection or talk (on a subject)

47. When I spoke . . .: When I mentioned Hitler’s insatiable desire for conquest which

has driven him to attack Russia, I said there was another and more important reason for his adventure.

48. He wishes ... of his crimes:

1) The main reason is he wants to destroy Russia so that he can crush Britain.

2) suffer the penalty of his crimes: be destroyed for the crimes he (Hitler) has

committed

49. His invasion ... of the British Isles; His invasion of Russia will pave the way for his

planned invasion of the British Isles.

50. He hopes . . . winter comes: obviously he hopes that he can bring his Russian

campaign to a successful end before winter sets in.

51. he can overwhelm Great Britain . . . : He can crush, conquer Britain before the U.S.

can come to her help.

52. by which he has so long thrived and prospered: He has so far been very

successful in employing this tactic.

53. the scene will be clear for the final act . . . :

1) The final act refers to the defeat and conquest of all the countries in the Western

Hemisphere.

2) the scene will be clear . . . : the stage will be ready for the final act

3) Then there will be nothing to prevent Hitler from conquering all the countries in the

Western Hemisphere, which he must do if he wants to bring the whole world under his control.

54. hearth and home: (poetic) home and its comforts

55. in every quarter of the globe: in every part of the world

56. Let us learn…:

1) "lessons" and "cruel experience": Here it refers to "United we stand, divided we fall. "

2) We should bear in mind the fact that Hitler had been successful because many

European governments had allowed themselves to be struck down one by one. This time we should all support the Soviet Union and shouldn't let Hitler repeat his tactics.

57. Let us redouble . . remain: Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight

against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.

IV. Review of the rhetorical devices used by Churchill in this speech

1) Periodic sentence

Periodic sentences achieve forcefulness by suspense. The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end. E.g.:

a) The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.

b) Any man or state that fights on against Nazidom will have our aid.

c) If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia ...... he is woefully mistaken.

2) Rhetorical question (or interrogation)

Interrogation asks a question not in order to obtain an answer, but for the purpose of making an assertion in a striking and lively way. e.g. ... but can you doubt what our policy will be?

3) Parallel structure: using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause

level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or."

a) We will never parley

We will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang

b) we shall fight him by land

we shall fight him by sea

we shall fight him in the air

c) behind all this glare

behind all this storm I see ......

d) I see the Russian soldiers standing . . .

I see them guarding . . .

I see the ten thousand villages

I see advancing upon . . .

I see also the dull ...

I see the German bombers . . .

I see that small group ...

e) that is our policy

and that is our declaration

f) We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts.

We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and resources.

g) Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience.

Let us redouble our exertions . . .

4) Inversion: The change of the normal word order, such as the substitution of a V.

before its subject. It’s used for emphasis.

From this nothing will turn us —nothing.

but this I will say

5) Repetition: the repeated use of the same synonymous words, to add force, clearness

or balance to a sentence, e.g.:

We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.

He has so long thrived and prospered.

We will never parley, we will never negotiate . . .

词汇(V ocabulary)

horde ( n.) :a large，moving crowd or throng群，人群

croquet ( n.) :an outdoor game-、n which the players use mallets to drive a wooden ball through a series of hoops placed in the ground槌球游戏(一种用木槌击木球钻小圈的游戏)

luncheon ( n.) :a lunch，esp. a formal lunch with others午餐;午宴;午餐(聚)会

Nazi (adj. & n.) :designating，of，or characteristic of the German fascist political party(German National Socialist Party).founded in 1919 and abolished in 1945德国国社党的，纳粹党的;纳粹党党员，纳粹分子

indistinguishable ( adj. ) : that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的

devoid ( adj.) :completely without; empty or destitute(of)完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of)

excel ( v.) :be better or greater than，or superior to(another or others)优于;胜过

ferocious ( adj.) :fierce; savage; violently cruel凶猛的，残忍的;凶恶的

unsay ( v.) :take back or retract(what has been said)取消(前言);收回(前言)

folly ( n.) :foolishness; any foolish action or belief愚笨，愚蠢;愚蠢的行为(或思想等) threshold ( n.) :doorstill; entrance or beginning point of sth.门槛;人口;开端

till ( v.) :work(1and)in raising crops，as by plowing，fertilizing, etc.; cultivate耕种;耕耘;耕作immemorial (adj. ) : extending back beyond memory or record; ancient无法追忆的;无文字记载的;古老的

wring (v.) :.get or extract by force，threats，persistence，etc.; extort强求;榨取;勒索primodial (adj.) :not derivative; fundamental; original根本的;基本的

hideous ( adj.) :horrible to see，hear etc.; very ugly or revolting; dreadful骇人听闻的;非常丑陋的;可怕的

onslaught ( n.) :a violent，intense attack猛攻

clank ( v. ) : make a sharp，metallic sound发当啷声，发铿锵声

dandify ( v.) :make a look like a dandy; dress up使打扮得像花花公子;给……穿上盛装，给……乔装打扮

crafty ( adj.) :subtly deceitful; cunning; artful; sly狡猾的，狡诈的，诡计多端的

cow ( v.) :make timid and submissive by filling with fear or awe; intimidate恫吓，吓唬，威胁docile ( adj.) :easy to manage or discipline; tractable易管教的;顺从的,温顺的,驯服的;听话的brutish ( adj. ) :of or like a brute; savage; gross野兽般的，残忍的;粗野的

plod ( v.) :walk 0r move heavily and laboriously; trudge沉重缓慢地走

swarm ( n.) :a moving mass，crowd，or throng(移动的)大群，大堆

locust ( n.) :any of various large grasshoppers，often traveling in great swarms and destroying nearly all vegetation in areas visited蝗虫

smart ( v.) :feel mental distress or irritation，as in resentment，remorse, etc.感到痛苦;感到伤心prey ( n.) :an animal hunted or killed for food by another animal：a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something被捕食的动物;牺牲者;牺牲品

villainous ( adj.) :of，like，or characteristic of a villain; evil; vicious; wicked坏人的;邪恶的;恶棍似的

cataract ( n.) :any strong flood or rush of water; deluge洪水;急流;大雨

concur ( v.) :agree(with);be in accord(in an opinion，etc.)同意，赞成，与……(意见)一致(常与with，in连用)

irrevocable ( adj. ) :that cannot be revoked，recalled，or undone; unalterable不能取消的;不可废止的;不可改变的;无可挽回的

vestige ( n.) :a trace，mark，or sign of something that once existed but has passed away or disappeared残迹;遗迹;痕迹

parley ( v. ) :have a conference or discussion，esp. with an enemy; confer会谈(尤指与敌方谈判) creed ( n.) :a statement of belief，principles，or opinions on any subject信条;信念divergence ( n.) :departure from a particular viewpoint，practice，etc.偏离，背离，背驰moralise ( v.) :think，write，or speak about matters of right and wrong，often in a self-righteous or tedious way(在言谈或写作中)论道德问题;说教

catastrophe ( n.) :any great and sudden calamity，disaster，or misfortune骤然而来的大灾难;灾祸;祸患

blood-lust ( n.) :a strong desire to kill or wound杀人欲，嗜杀狂

lure ( v.) :attract，tempt，or entice(often with Dm)吸引;诱惑;不断引诱(常与on连用)

hurl ( v.) :throw or fling with force or violence猛投，猛掷;猛抛

prelude ( n.) :anything serving as the introduction to a principal event，action，performance，etc.; preliminary part; preface; opening序言;序幕

intervene ( v.)come or be in between as something unnecessary or irrelevant; interpose干涉,干预subjugation ( n.) :bringing under control; conquering征服，制服

hearth ( n.) :the fireside as the center of family life：family life; home炉边;家庭生活;家庭

短语(Expressions)

round up: cause sb.or sth.to gather in one place驱集，使集拢

例：The guide rounded up the tourists and led them back to the coach.导游把游客集合在一起，领他们回到车上。

count on: rely on sb.or sth.with confidence依靠，信赖，指望

例：Don't count on a salary increase this year.别指望今年会加薪水。

go all out: do one's utmost，spare no efforts全力以赴

例：I'lle team is going all out to win the championship.这个队为了争取冠军而全力以赴。make a reference to: speaking of or mentioning sb.or sth.提到，提及

例：The commentator made a pointed reference to the recent scan. dal.这个评论员有针对性地提到了最近的丑闻。

to the effect that: with the meaning that…,giving the information that…大意为

例：He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning.他留下一张字条，大意是说他不回来了。

on the threshold of: at the point of entering or beginning of在……门口，在……的开端

例：The politician was on the threshold of his career.那位政治家的事业刚刚起步。

tie down: reduce to bondage;enslave束缚，限制，奴役

例：The veteran worker refuses to be tied。down by petty restric- tion.那个老工人不理会琐细的规章制度的限制。

in due course: at the appropriate time;eventually在适当的时机，最终

例：Y our request will be dealt with in due course.你的要求将在适当的时候予以处理。

it follows that: it shows that;from this we carl see that由此司见，由此断定

例：He doesn't come to work today，but it doesn't necessarily follow that he is ill.他今天没来上班，但并不见得他就是病了。

高级英语第一册课文词汇及短语

Lesson 1 词汇(Vocabulary) Bazaar (n.) : (in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(东方国家的)市场，集市 ----------------------------------------------------------------- cavern (n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) ----------------------------------------------------------------- shadowy (adj.) : dim；indistinct模糊的；朦胧的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: cornflowerblue" color=white>harmonious (adj．) : having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect；consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的／harmoniously adv． ----------------------------------------------------------------- throng (n.) :a great number of people gathered together；crowd人群；群集 ----------------------------------------------------------------- conceivable (adj.) : that can be conceived，imagined 可想象的，想得到的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- din (n.) : a loud，continuous noise喧闹声，嘈杂声 ----------------------------------------------------------------- would-be ( adj．) : intended to be预期成为……的；将要成为……的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- muted (adj.) : (of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音)减弱的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- vaulted ( adj．) : having the form of a vault；arched 穹窿形的；拱形的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sepulchral(n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) ----------------------------------------------------------------- shadowy (adj.) : suggestive of the grave or burial；dismal；gloomy坟墓般的；阴森森的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- guild ( n．) : any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会；协会 ----------------------------------------------------------------- trestle (n.) :a frame consising of a horizontal beam fastened to two pairs of spreading legs，used to support planks to form a table，platform，etc．支架；脚手台架；搁凳----------------------------------------------------------------- impinge (v．) : strike，hit，or dash；have an effect 撞击，冲击，冲撞；对……具有影响 ----------------------------------------------------------------- fairyland (n.) : the imaginary land where the fairies live；a lovely enchanting place仙境；奇境 ----------------------------------------------------------------- burnish ( v．) : make or become shiny by rubbing；polish擦亮；磨光；抛光 ----------------------------------------------------------------- brazier ( n.) : a metal pan，bowl，etc．，to hold burning coals or charcoal，as for warming a room or grilling food火盆；火钵 ----------------------------------------------------------------- dim ( v．) :make or grow unclear(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊 ----------------------------------------------------------------- rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．) :having rhythm有韵律的；有节奏的／rhythmically adv ----------------------------------------------------------------- bellows ( n.) :(sing．&p1.)a device that produces a stream of air through a narrow tube when its sides are pressed together(used for blowing fires，etc．)(单复同)风箱 ----------------------------------------------------------------- intricate ( adj．) :complex；hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships；full of elaborate detail错综复杂的；精心制作的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- exotic ( adj．) :strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating奇异的；异常迷人的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sumptuous ( adj．) :involving great expense；costly lavish豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- maze ( n.) : ----------------------------------------------------------------- ( n.) :a confusing，intricate network of winding pathways 迷津；迷宫；曲径 ----------------------------------------------------------------- honeycomb ( v．) :fill with holes like a honeycomb使成蜂窝状 ----------------------------------------------------------------- mosque ( n.) :a Moslem temple or place of worship清真寺；伊斯兰教堂

高级英语第一册单词

Bazaar (n.) (东方国家的)市场，集市cavern (n．) 洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) shadowy (adj.)模糊的；朦胧的consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的throng (n.)人群；群集conceivable (adj.)可想象的，想得到的din (n.)喧闹声，嘈杂声muted (adj.)(声音)减弱的 vaulted ( adj．)arched穹窿形的；拱形的sepulchral(n．)洞穴，山洞guild ( n．) 互助会；协会trestle (n.)支架；脚手台架；搁凳impinge (v．) 撞击，冲击，冲撞；对具有影响fairyland (n.) 仙境；奇境burnish ( v．)h擦亮；磨光；抛光brazier ( n.)火盆；火钵 dim ( v．)(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．)有韵律的；有节奏的bellows (单复同)风箱intricate错综复杂的；精心制作的exotic 奇异的；异常迷人的sumptuous 豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的maze ( n.) 迷津；迷宫；曲径honeycomb ( v．)使成蜂窝状mosque 清真寺；伊斯兰教堂 caravanserai 东方商队(或旅行队)的客店disdainful ( n.) 轻视的，轻蔑的；傲慢的bale ( n.) 大包，大捆linseed ( n.) 亚麻籽somber ( adj．)阴沉的；昏暗的pulp ( n.) 浆 ramshackle 要倒塌似的，摇摇欲坠的．dwarf 使矮小；使无足轻重；使(相形之下)显得渺小；使相形见绌 vat ( n.)大缸；大桶nimble ( adj．) 灵活的；敏捷的girder ( n.)大梁trickle ( n.细流；涓流 ooze ( v．)渗出；慢慢地流runnel小溪；小沟；小槽glisten (v．)(湿的表面或光滑面)反光；闪耀，闪光taut ( adj．)(绳子等)拉紧的，绷紧的thre ad one’s way小心，缓慢地挤过(不断地改变方向) follow suit赶潮流，学样narrow down缩小(范围，数字等) beat down(与卖主)往下砍价 make a point of认为是必要的take a hand帮助，帮忙 throw one’s weight on to (sth．)使劲压在(某物)上set…in motion使…一运动，移动 (选自埃德?凯编播的美国广播节目) 词汇(V ocabulary) reportorial ( adj.)报道的，报告的kimono和服preoccupation ( n.)令人全神贯注的事物 oblivious ( adj.) 忘却的；健忘的(常与of或to连用) bob ( v．) 上下跳动，晃动；行屈膝礼 ritual ( adj.) 仪式的，典礼的facade ( n.)(房屋)正面，门面lurch ( v．)突然向前(或向侧面)倾斜intermezzo ( n.)插曲；间奏曲gigantic ( adj.)巨大的，庞大的，其大无比的usher ( n.)门房；传达员 heave (v．) (费劲或痛苦地)发出(叹息、呻吟声等) barge ( n.) 大驳船；(尤指用于庆典的)大型游艇moor ( v．) 系泊；锚泊arresting (adj.)引人注目的；有趣的beige ( adj.) 米黄色；浅灰黄色的tatami ( n.) 日本人家里铺在地板上的稻草垫，榻榻米 stunning ( adj.) [口]极其漂亮的；极其出色的twinge ( n.) 刺痛，剧痛；痛心，懊悔，悔恨，内疚 slay ( v.) 杀害；毁掉linger ( v．) 苟延；历久犹存agony ( n.) (精神上或肉体上的)极度痛苦 inhibit ( v．) 抑制(感情等)；约束(行动等) spinal ( adj. ) d脊背的；脊柱的；脊髓的 agitated颤抖的；不安的，焦虑的；激动的reverie 梦想；幻想；白日梦heinous极可恨的极可恶的极坏的cataclysm ( n.)灾变(尤指洪水、地震等) demolish ( v拆毁，拆除；破坏，毁坏formaldehyde ( n.)[化]甲醛ether ( n.) [化]醚；乙醚humiliate ( v．)使受辱，使丢脸genetic (adj.)遗传的 have a lump in one’s throat如哽在喉，哽咽(因压制激动的情绪所致，如爱、悲伤等) on one’s mind占领某人的思绪，一直在想的(尤指忧虑的来源) rub shoulders with与(人们)联系，交往 set off:开始(旅行，赛跑等) flash by／alorig／past／through:急速向某方向运动 by trade:以…为谋生之道(尤指以制造某物为业) sink in: (指话语等)完全理解 horde ( n.) 群，人群croquet 槌球游戏luncheon ( n.)午餐；午宴；午餐(聚)会 Nazi (adj. & n.)德国国社党的，纳粹党的；纳粹党党员，纳粹分子cow ( v恫吓，吓唬，威胁indistinguishable ( adj. ) 不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的devoid ( adj.) 完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of) excel ( v优于；胜过ferocious ( adj.)凶猛的，残忍的；凶恶的unsay ( v)取消(前言)；收回(前言)

高级英语第二册第一课教案

高级英语第二册第一课 教案 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

Teaching Plan for Unit 1 I. Warming-up conversation 1. What's the topic of your conversation after you came back from home to the campus yesterday? (Teacher show them some phrases and expressions about New Year, and let them have a formal conversation in standard English.) 2. What kind of conversation do you prefer, the casual free talk in the dormitory or the conversation held in class Why 3.Analysis of the Title Pub is usually a place for low class people to get together. They meet friends there or go there to have a drink or just to relax. And what about the language How is it related to language To King’s language which belongs to the upper class or the well-educated people. How could these two totally unrelated things put together II.Background Information of the Text and the Author This topic can be introduced in several ways: 1.Chinese people’s oral English are commonly commented by foreigners or foreign teachers as “bookish” English; 2.by telling a joke about the first Chinese delegation to visit soviet union after China’s opening its door to the outside world. The soviet union asked an old scholar as an interpreter and his Chinese is like the ancient classic Chinese. 3.just to raise some question like the different expressions, such as standard English, social dialect, regional dialect, or writers of local colorism, such as Mark Twain or Jia Pinwa in China. 4.or the topic might be introduced by mentioning the “plain English movement” in academic writing. III.Detailed Study of the text

高级英语期末考试题型2

高级英语期末考试题型： Lexical work: Unit 1 1.ego: self, especially as contrast with another self or the world 2.disparity: a noticeable difference 3.prestigious: having prestige,i.e. general respect or admiration felt for someone or something, because they have high quality, social influence, success, etc. 4.allot: give as a share or set apart for a purpose 5.typify: be a typical example of, show all the most usual characteristics of something Unit 2 1.minute: very small 2.chartered: hired for use by a particular group or person 3.a standing order: a permanent request(for something by a customer) 4.extract: obtain by much effort 5.trinket: a small ornament(as a jewel or ring)of little value 6.flapping: swaying loosely, and making a noise, especially when moved by wind Unit 3 1.disorientation: confusion, loss of one's bearings 2.vistas: sweeping views 3.eerie: frightening because of strangeness or gloominess 4.tactile: relating to the sense of touch 5.redemption: forgiveness from the consequences of sin and evil which Christians believe was made possible by Jesus Christ's death on the cross赎罪. This is a religious term. 6.congealed: stiffened 7.wino: one who is chronically addicted to drinking wine Unit 4 1.constraints: restrictions, limitations 2.scale: a graded series/scheme/system of rank of order; something graded especially when used as a measure or rule尺度 3.norm: a standard, e.g. of behaviour or ability, that is regarded as average or generally accepted 4.formalities: a way of writing letters in accordance with accepted rules for official occasion 5.tautologous:unnecessarily repetitive, obvious 6.veribage:too many unnecessary words in speech or writing Unit 5 1.sulk: be silently bad-tempered 2.surreal: having a strange dreamlike unreal quality 3.malevolent: having a wish to harm others, showing intense ill will; here, strong, adverse, harmful 4.torrential:(rain)pouring down rapidly and in great quantities 5.radically: drastically: severely 6.accentuate: make(something)more noticeable Unit 6

高级英语1 第二课课文翻译

第二课 广岛——日本“最有活力”的城市 (节选) 雅各?丹瓦“广岛到了!大家请下车!”当世界上最快的高速列车减速驶进广岛车站并渐渐停稳时，那位身着日本火车站站长制服的男人口中喊出的一定是这样的话。我其实并没有听懂他在说些什么，一是因为他是用日语喊的，其次，则是因为我当时心情沉重，喉咙哽噎，忧思万缕，几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。踏上这块土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对我来说这行动本身已是一个令人激动的经历，其意义远远超过我以往所进行的任何一次旅行或采访活动。难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗? 这儿的日本人看来倒没有我这样的忧伤情绪。从车站外的人行道上看去，这儿的一切似乎都与日本其他城市没什么两样。身着和服的小姑娘和上了年纪的太太与西装打扮的少年和妇女摩肩接踵；神情严肃的男人们对周围的人群似乎视而不见，只顾着相互交淡，并不停地点头弯腰，互致问候：“多么阿里伽多戈扎伊马嘶。”还有人在使用杂货铺和烟草店门前挂着的小巧的红色电话通话。 “嗨!嗨!”出租汽车司机一看见旅客，就砰地打开车门，这样打着招呼。“嗨”，或者某个发音近似“嗨”的什么词，意思是“对”或“是”。“能送我到市政厅吗?”司机对着后视镜冲我一笑，又连声“嗨!”“嗨!”出租车穿过广岛市区狭窄的街巷全速奔驰，我们的身子随着司机手中方向盘的一次次急转而前俯后仰，东倒西歪。与此同时，这

座曾惨遭劫难的城市的高楼大厦则一座座地从我们身边飞掠而过。 正当我开始觉得路程太长时，汽车嘎地一声停了下来，司机下车去向警察问路。就像东京的情形一样，广岛的出租车司机对他们所在的城市往往不太熟悉，但因为怕在外国人面前丢脸，却又从不肯承认这一点。无论乘客指定的目的地在哪里，他们都毫不犹豫地应承下来，根本不考虑自己要花多长时间才能找到目的地。 这段小插曲后来终于结束了，我也就不知不觉地突然来到了宏伟的市政厅大楼前。当我出示了市长应我的采访要求而发送的请柬后，市政厅接待人员向我深深地鞠了一躬，然后声调悠扬地长叹了一口气。 “不是这儿，先生，”他用英语说道。“市长邀请您今天晚上同其他外宾一起在水上餐厅赴宴。您看，就是这儿。”他边说边为我在请柬背面勾划出了一张简略的示意图。 幸亏有了他画的图，我才找到一辆出租车把我直接送到了运河堤岸，那儿停泊着一艘顶篷颇像一般日本房屋屋顶的大游艇。由于地价过于昂贵，日本人便把传统日本式房屋建到了船上。漂浮在水面上的旧式日本小屋夹在一座座灰黄色摩天大楼之间，这一引人注目的景观正象征着和服与超短裙之间持续不断的斗争。 在水上餐厅的门口，一位身着和服、面色如玉、风姿绰约的迎宾女郎告诉我要脱鞋进屋。于是我便脱下鞋子，走进这座水上小屋里的一个低矮的房间，蹑手蹑脚地踏在柔软的榻榻米地席上，因想到要这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长而感到十分困窘不安。

高级英语第一册第一课中文翻译

第一课中东的集市 中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。 随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。 中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。例如，在布市上，所有那1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。 对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。假如让店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话，他便会漫天要价，而且在还价过程中也很难作出让步。而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱使他根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。顾客有时来了又去，去了又来，因此，像这样讨价还价的情形有可能持续一整天，甚至好几天。 集市上最引人注目、给人印象最深刻的地方之一是铜器市场。你一走近这里，耳朵里便只听得见金属器皿互相碰击时所发出的一阵阵砰砰啪啪、丁丁当当的响声；走得越近，响声便越来越大，越来越清晰。直待你走到拐角处一转弯，眼前便出现了锃亮的铜器，它们映照着无数盏明灯和火盆，流光飞舞，有如仙境。每个铜匠铺子里都有几个徒工——他们都是一些男性青少年，其中有的年龄小得让人难以置信——在那里不停地锤打着一些形状各异、大小不一的铜器，而铺子的老板则在一旁指点着，有时也亲自操锤敲打几下。铺子的后边，还有一个小不点儿的徒工在那里用一根拴在大脚趾上的绳子鼓动着一个巨大的皮风箱，煽着一大炉炭火——燃烧着的木炭随着风箱的鼓动而有节奏地变得忽明忽暗。 在这里，你会看到许多精美的锅碗瓢盆，上面雕刻着各种精细复杂的传统图案，也能看到一些当地人日常使用的质朴无华的厨房用具，虽无花纹图案，但造形美观，经济实用。再走一处便是地毯市场。这儿有各种质地的地毯，它们色彩斑炯，花纹图案富有地方特色—

《高级英语》期末考试试卷(A)参考答案05-06

2005 －2006 学年第二学期 《高级英语》期末考试试卷（A）参考答案 I.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words and phrases. (15%) 1. speaks volumes 2. in the vicinity of 3. at his disposal 4. acted as 5. oblivious 不知道的of 6. look up to 7. to no avail 8. follow suit 9. a battery of 10. in lieu of场所 11. unparalleled 12. reassuring 13. circulation 14. significance 15. engulfed II.Paraphrase the following sentences, especially paying attention to the underlined part. （20%）看要求评分 III.Proofreading (10%) The Great Depression first started in the New York Stork Exchange. In the 1920s, there were fatal flaws on the prosperity 1. in of the economy. Overproduction of crops depresses food prices, 2. depressed and farmers suffered. Industrial workers were earning better wages, but they still did not have enough purchased power to continue buying 3.purchasing the flood of goods that poured out of their factories. With profits soar and interest rates low, a great deal of money was available 4.soaring for investment, and much of tha t capital wen t into reckless 5. but speculation. Billions of dollars \that poured into the stock market, and 6 that frantic bidding boosted the price of share far above their real value. 7.shares As long as the market prospered, speculators could make fortunes overnight, but they could be ruined just as quick if stock 8.quickly prices fell. On October 24, 1929 –“Black Thursday” -- a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange. Once started, the collapse of shares and other security prices could not be halted. By 1932, thousands of banks and over 100,000 businesses had been failed. Industrial 9. been production was cut in half, farm income had fallen by more than half, wages had increased 60%, new investment was 10. decreased down 90%, and one out of every four was unemployed in the USA. IV．Reading comprehension (25%) 1-5 BCADB 6-10 BCBCA 11-15 CCBCA 16-20 DDCCB 21-25 BAACA V. Text analysis (30%) 看要求评分。

高级英语 第一册 课文翻译_unit1

中东的集市 1．中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，入口处是一座哥特式拱门，门上的砖石年代久远。穿过耀眼、灼热的大型露天广场进入集市，仿佛走入了一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。集市蜿蜒伸展，一眼望不到尽头，最后消失在远处的阴影里。赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当声。集市的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。 2.随后，当你走人集市的深处，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。布店的店主们一个个都是轻声细语、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的样子，低声细语地说话。 3.中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，不是分散在集市各处以避免相互间的竞争，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便共同反对迫害和不公正待遇。例如，在布市上，所有卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。 4. 对于顾客来说，不到最后一刻绝不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西，因为这是个关乎面子的事情。假如店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话，他便会漫天要价，而且在还价过程中不肯做出让步。而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。顾客有时来了又去，去了又来，因此，像这样讨价还价的情形有可能持续一整天，甚至好几天。 5.集市上最引人注目、给人印象最深刻的地方之一是铜器市场。你一走近这里，耳朵里便只听得见金属器皿互相碰击时所发出的一阵阵砰砰啪啪、丁丁当当的响声；走得越近，响声便越来越大，越

高级英语期末考试卷

Final Test for English Majors of 2002 (Advanced English) I. Choose the best answer: 25% 1. She gave thanks for our contribution. A. procure B. profuse C. profound D. prodigious 2. and conspiracy will not succeed; the government will not be defeated. A. Subscription B. Subsidence C. Submission D. Subversion 3. A good friend will not desert one in time of . A. adversary B. adverse C. adversity D. advent 4. The psychiatrist gave that the man was insane at that time. A. evidence B. argument C. witness D. testimony 5. She is a woman of erect and handsome . A. carriage B. figure C. personage D. appearance 6. His with everything we suggest makes it hard to know what he really feels. A. alliance B. compliment C. compliance D. compassion 7. Diligent police work will help crime. A. endorse B. eradicate C. fluctuate D. radiate 8. Nutritionists food into seven basic groups. A. categorize B. clarify C. ratify D. separate 9. Only states are able to make treaties. A. sovereignty B. sovereign C. democratic D. democracy 10. diseases may be spread by viruses and bacteria. A. Deadly B. Mortal C. Fatal D. Infectious 11. His only is an occasional game of golf. A. diversification B. diversion C. diversity D. divergence 12. One of California?s most problems is an inadequate water supply. A. acute B. unusual C. persistent D. unexpected 13. Large areas of Alaskan land remain due to harsh climate. A. inaccessible B. immature C. desolate D. parched 14. Constant interruption of his work him. A. threshed B. tormented C. exasperated D. evaporated

高级英语1 Unit4 Oxford翻译

Unit4 牛津 There are certain things in the world that are so praiseworthy that it seems a needless, indeed an almost laughable thing to praise them; such things are love and friendship, food and sleep, spring and summer; such things, too, are the wisest books, the greatest pictures, the noblest cities. But for all that I mean to try and make a little hymn in prose in honour of Oxford, a city I have seen but seldom, and which yet appears to me one of the most beautiful things in the world. 此世间确有诸多凡物，它们本身便是值得人们去品味和赞誉的，譬如说爱情和友谊、美食和睡梦、春色和夏日，还有如那些注满了智慧的书卷、注满了心血的画作和注满了圣意的城邦。也许对于这些凡物而言，再多的赞誉已无非是陈词滥调，荒唐可笑的，但我之所以还是想要对上述这些事物品味、赞誉一番，都是为了向牛津城表示我的敬意。牛津城对我来说，就是这世间极其罕见，又最为美丽的地方之一。 I do not wish to single out particular buildings, but to praise the whole effect of the place, such as it seemed to me on a day of bright sun and cool air, when I wandered hour after hour among the streets, bewildered and almost intoxicated with beauty, feeling as a poor man might who has pinched all his life, and made the most of single coins, and who is brought into the presence of a heap of piled-up gold, and told that it is all his own. 我并不想单独从牛津城里遴选出一些建筑来赞誉；我想要赞誉的是这块土地上所映射出的一种整体效果。这种效果在我看来，就好比是在一个阳光明媚、天气清爽的日子里，一连花上几个小时，徜徉在牛津城的街道上，痴迷、甚至是沉醉于这番美景之中。这感觉就犹如是把一位穷得一辈子衣衫褴褛、靠一角一分过日子的人带到一堆金矿旁，然后告诉他，这些财富都已归他所有。 I have seen it said in foolish books that it is a misfortune to Oxford that so many of the buildings have been built out of so perishable a vein of stone. It is indeed a misfortune in one respect, that it tempts men of dull and precise minds to restore and replace buildings of incomparable grace, because their outline is so exquisitely blurred by time and decay. I remember myself, as a child, visiting Oxford, and thinking that some of the buildings were almost shamefully ruinous of aspect; now that I am wiser I know that we have in these battered and fretted palace-fronts a kind of beauty that fills the mind with almost despairing sense of loveliness, till the heart aches with gratitude, and thrills with the desire to proclaim the glory of the sight aloud. 我曾在一些荒谬、无理的书里读到说，牛津城里如此之多的建筑都用易被腐蚀、布满裂纹的砖石砌成，这简直就是一场灾难。从某种角度来说，这倒确实是一场灾难，因为随着时间的流逝，用这种砖石砌成的建筑会渐渐破败，建筑的轮廓会很明显地变得七零八落，这便会惹得那些脑袋不灵活的笨家伙们想着整修或重建这些与牛津城魅力格格不入的“破玩意儿”。记得在我儿时游访牛津城时，我也曾这么想——这些建筑如此破旧不堪，几乎都是见不得人了；可现在，随着我年数和阅历的增益，我才知道在那些破旧不堪、磨坏受损的殿堂式房子里，蕴藏着一种别样的魅力。这种魅力乍看上去真是令人几近绝望，直到人们对这壮观之景开始心生感激时，才会猛地萌发出一种要高声赞誉这股魅力的念头。 These black-fronted blistered facades, so threatening, so sombre, yet screening so bright and clear a current of life; with the tender green of budding spring trees, chestnuts full of silvery spires, glossy-leaved creepers clinging, with tiny hands, to cornice and parapet, give surely the sharpest and most delicate sense that it is possible to conceive of the contrast on which the essence of so much beauty depends. To pass through one of these dark and smoke-stained courts,