高考英语语法精讲精练-专题十-状语从句和并列句常考点2

状语从句和并列句常考点

按句子的结构可分三种：

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

e. g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

e. g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。

e. g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall

、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。

、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。

如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。

状语从句是一项较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。掌握状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。

1状语从句中从属连词when，while，as的多种含义

when：当……时候；就在那时；既然；虽然；在……之后；

as：一边……一边；随着；虽然；因为；依照，如……；

while：在……期间；而；虽然。

用when，while和as填空：

①He will take my place ________ I am away.

②I was having my lunch ________ the fire alarm went off.

③________ you have finished your work，you may have a rest.

④________ he swam，he cried for help.

⑤________ the Internet is of great help，I don't think it good to spend too much time on it.

2as引导让步状语从句

as引导让步状语从句时要倒装，若是倒装，需将所强调的成分即名词(句首名词不能有任何冠词)、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。

①though引导状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，although不能引起倒装。

②as，though，although引导从句时，后面的主句不能有but，但可以和still，yet 连用。

完成下列句子：

①________________(虽然他是个孩子)，he knows what is the right thing to do.

②________________(虽然他工作很努力)，he never seemed able to do the work satisfactorily.

③_______________(虽然你可能失败)，you should never give up.

3before的用法

注意判断before在状语从句中的含义：才；就；趁……没有；还没来得及；宁可……也不；不知不觉。

1. 判断下列各句中before的含义：

( )①We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.

( )②We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.

( )③Please write it down before you forget it.

( )④Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.

( )⑤She would die before she'd give in.

( )⑥Three months went by before we knew it.

2. 区别以下句型：

用before，that，since，when填空：

①It's three days ________ he returned home.

②It was three days________ he returned home.

③It will be three days________ he returns home.

④It was three days later ________ he returned home.

⑤It was three o'clock ________ he returned.

[注]解答此类题目关键有三点：首先要确定是不是强调句，当我们把it is/was以及连接词去掉时，剩余部分若能构成一个完整的句子，就是强调句，这时连词用that；否则，就要考虑它的句式特点。其次要看是时间段还是时间点。再次是连接词前后的时态。当确定为时间段时，连接词前后时态不一致，用since；时态一致，用before；当确定为时间点时，强调句就用that，否则就用when。

4where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别和联系

where引导定语从句时，相当于in/at/to which；where引导状语从句时，相当于in/at/to the place where...如：

Please make a mark in the place where you have a question.(定语从句)

Please make a mark where you have a question.(状语从句)

①He lives in the quiet small village ________ I worked ten years ago.

②He lives in ________ is called the Fairy Land Outside of the World.

＝He lives in the place ________ is called the Fairy Land Outside of the World.

③—Mum，what did your doctor say?

—He advised me to live ________ the air is fresher.

A. in where

B. in which

C. the place where

D. where

④________ others are weak，he is strong.

A. Where

B. In the place

C. Which

D. While

5unless的用法

unless意为“除非；如果不”，相当于if...not。

①Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees，but ________ they have eggs or young chicks，they don't use a nest.

A. why

B. how

C. unless

D. where

④In time of serious accidents，________ we know some basic things about first aid，we can save lives.

A. whether

B. until

C. if

D. unless

6so...that...和 such...that...引导结果状语从句的区别

①so＋形容词/副词＋that...

so＋形容词＋a(n)＋名词＋that...

②such＋a(n)＋形容词＋名词＋that...

such＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数＋that...

[注]so/such...that...放在句首时要倒装。

完成下列句子：

①He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.

＝He is ________________ that we all respect him.

＝So ________________ that we all respect him.

＝Such ________________ that we all respect him.

②He made ________ rapid progress that the teacher praised him.

＝He made ________ much progress that the teacher praised him.

注意句型：

表示目的状语的几种表达：

He got up early to catch the early bus.

＝He got up early in order to catch the early bus.

＝He got up early so as to catch the early bus.

＝He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.

＝He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.

7“一……就……”的表达法

“一……就……”的表达法有：as soon as，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...，the moment/minute/second/instant，immediately/instantly/directly，on/upon＋n./doing。

完成下列句子：

他一到达车站，汽车就发动了。

__________(连词) he arrived at the station，the bus started.

＝________(连词) had he arrived at the station when the bus started.

＝________(连词) had he arrived at the station than the bus started.

＝________(副词) he arrived at the station，the bus started.

＝________(名词) he arrived at the station，the bus started.

＝________(介词) his arrival at the station，the bus started.

8注意倍数的表达

倍数放在形容词或副词的原级、比较级或名词前。如：

①This river is three times longer than that one.

This river is three times as long as that one.

This river is three times the length of that one.

②I have twice as many books as he has.

I have twice as much money as he has.

完成下列句子：

①这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。

The room is ________ ________ ________ as that one.

The room is ________ ________ than that one.

The room is ________ ________ ________ of that one.

②The income of this year is twice ________ of last year.

The income of this year is twice ________ it was last year.

9 until / till 的用法

until 可用于句首，而till 通常不用于句首。如：

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.

[注]否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

①肯定句：She ________ (sleep) until midnight.

否定句：She ________ (arrive)until midnight.

②He didn't go to bed until he finished his work.

＝____．(倒装句)

＝____．(强调句

)

10 状语从句中的常用连词和特殊连词

①My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house ________ there is a power out.

A. if

B. unless

C. in case

D. so that

②My parents don't mind what job I do ________ I am happy.

A. even though

B. as soon as

C. as long as

D. as though

11 状语从句的省略现象

当when ，while ，if ，unless ，as ，though ，as if ，as though 等引导时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句时，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致(或虽不一致，是it)，从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语＋be”部分。if ，unless ，when ，though ，once ，as if 等连词后用－ing 表示主动，－ed 表示被动；as if 后如表示目的，则用to do 表示。

[注]after ，before ，since ，without 后接being done 表示被动。

完成下列句子：

①____________(如果有必要的话)，I'll explain to you again.

②Although ________(lack) money ，they sent their children to school.

③When ____________(complete)，the hall can hold 2，000 people.

④He stopped as if ____________(see) if someone followed him.

【答案】①If necessary ②lacking ③completed ④to see

12however和whatever引导状语从句的区别

however后接形容词或副词，相当于no matter how；而whatever后接名词，相当于no matter what。

用however，whatever填空：

①________ difficult it may be，you shouldn't give up.

________ difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up.

________ many difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up.

②You can dress ________ you like.

You can wear ________ you like.

13并列连词

并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。

e. g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.

2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e. g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.

3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

[注]but不与 although 连用，但 yet，still 可与 although 连用。

for常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，常位于两个并列句中间，不可位于句首。

①Unlike watching TV，reading is a highly active process ________it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.

A. until

B. but

C. unless

D. for

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