月日学位北京英语考试A卷真题
2018年11月6日学位北京英语考试A卷真题
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs，but archaeologists (考古学家) learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that don't break down or disappear very quickly—things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.
It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history--normally, the bacteria (细菌) in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different.
In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup—walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out—a human foot! Naturally, the men called the police，who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly--but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs—the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man's stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!
Why was this man so well preserved? (76) It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe fi:om the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man's skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.
How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called,“Lindow Man”. (77) His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life—he could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn't died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.
1. Which language does the word “archaeology”come from?
A. French.
B. Greek.
C. Roman.
D. German.
2. The word “these” in the first paragraph refers to_______.
A. letters
B. photographs
C. paintings
D. objects
3. Which of the following helped to preserve“Lindow Man”?
A. Ice and Iow temperature.
B. Bacteria and oxygen.
C. Soil and energy.
D. Acid and water.
4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. “Lindow Man”was named after the person who first found him.
B. Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence.
C. “Lindow Man” was found by two archaeologists in the south of England.
D. “Lindow Man”was good at manual work.
5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. What Is Archaeology?
B. Archaeology and History
C. An Amazing Archaeological Discovery
D. The Death of“Lindow Man”
Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
The city has always been an engine of intellectual life, from the 18th-century cafes of London, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modem art. Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare.
And yet, city life isn't easy. Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing. Just being in an urban environment, they have found, impairs (损害) our basic mental processes. (78) After spending a
few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control. While it's long been recognized that city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that cities actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so.
One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain. Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women
living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn. Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life.
This research arrives just as humans cross an important milestone (里程碑). For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities. Instead of inhabiting wide-open spaces, we're crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions of Strangers. In recent years, it's become clear that such unnatural surroundings have important implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think.
This research is also leading some scientists to dabble (涉足) in urban design, as they look for ways to make the city less damaging to the brain. (79) The good news is that even slight alterations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life. The mind needs nature, and even a little bit can be a big help.
6. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?
A. The city inspires talented people.
B. The city hurts your brain.
C. The city has many pleasures and benefits.
D. The city seriously affects the natural balance.
7. The word “metropolis” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_______.
A. citizen
B. nature
C. city
D. stress
8. People have just come to realize that_______.
A. human attention is a scarce resource
B. city life can make people very tired
C. the city is an engine of intellectual life
D. an urban environment is damaging to the brain
9. What is the factor mentioned in the third paragraph that helps the hospital patients recover more quickly?
A. Nature.
B. Better treatment.
C. Experienced doctors.
D. Good medicine.
10. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Different aspects (方面) of an urban environment, such as the crowded streets, can lead to an increase in self-control.
B. Small changes in urban design, cannot reduce the negative side effects of city life.
C. For the first time in history, the earth's population is more urban than rural.
D. A walk down a busy city street will improve brain performance.
Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
Breastfeeding (母乳喂养) for a month or longer appears to reduce a woman's risk of getting diabetes (糖病) later in life, according to a new study. The breastfeeding and diabetes link has been reported in other studies, according to researcher Eleanor Schwarz. Yet, her study makes the link easier to believe. Her study is published in a journal of medicine in America. Schwarz and her colleagues looked at data about breastfeeding practices. They evaluated data on 2,233 women f~om Califomia. Of those, 405 were not mothers, 1,125 were mothers who breastfed for at least a month, and 703 were mothers who had never breastfed. They were 40 to 78 years old.
According to Schwarz's study, the risk of getting a diagnosis (诊断) of Type 2 diabetes for women who breastfed all their children for a month or longer was similar to that of women who had not given birth. But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth. Mothers who never breastfed were about 1.4 times as likely to develop diabetes as women who breastfed for one to three months, Schwarz found.
While one month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Schwarz says, even longer is better. (80) “Previous studies have shown the longer the mom breastfeeds, the more benefit for her body.” Many experts recommend breastfeeding for six months and continuing for a year, she says.
The diabetes-breastfeeding link is probably explained by belly fat. Mothers, who don't breastfeed, as they get older, may have more belly fat, as breastfeeding helps new mothers take off weight. “Belly fat increases the risk of diabetes as you get older,” she says.
The finding isn't surprising at all, says Kimberly Gregory. She often gives advice to women who get diabetes (occurring during pregnancy (怀孕)) that they are at risk
for later getting Type 2 diabetes and suggests they breastfeed. The new findings will probably inspire Gregory to add to the-advice she gives moms-to-be about the benefits of breastfeeding. She often focuses on the benefits to the baby.
11. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. About two thousand and two hundred old women took part in the study.
B. Eleanor Schwarz's research program was about men and women who suffered from diabetes.
C. Over one fifths of the women never got married.
D. Eleanor Schwarz's results seem more reliable.
12. According to Schwarz's findings, who are more likely to get diabetes later in life?
A. Those mothers who had never breastfed.
B. Those mothers who never gave birth.
C. Those mothers who breastfed for a month.
D. Those mothers who breastfed for six months.
13. Which of the following statements would Schwarz agree with?
A. Breastfeeding is not advisable because it is not good for a mom to keep a
good shape.
B. Breastfeeding can greatly reduce a mother's chances of getting all kinds of serious disease.
C. Breastfeeding for a month is highly recommended: the longer, the better.
D. Breastfeeding for a month or longer makes babies smarter.
14. What does the author mean by “moms-to-be” in the last paragraph?
A. Women who are pregnant, especially for the first time.
B. Women who dream of having babiesfor the first time.
C. Women who already have children.
D. Women who have just got babies for the first time.
15. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?
A. Breasffeeding May Enhance Babies' Chances of Survival
B. Breasffeeding May Lower Moms' Diabetes Risk
C. Breasffeeding May Become Very Fashioaable in Near Future
D. Breasffeeding May Help Women Lose Weight
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (30%)
16. You should carefully think over_____ the manager said at the meeting.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whose
17. Last week I wrote to the hotel to book a room, but they _____ yet.
A. didn't answer
B. wasn't answering
C. hadn't answered
D. haven't answered
18. Diana felt very much upset at _____ to the party as she had longed to go for a long time.
A. having not been invited
B. not having been invited
C. not to be invited
D. to be not invited
19. On no account _____ held responsible for the car accident, so he should not be put into prison.
A. the driver can be
B. can the driver be
C. the driver be
D. be the driver
20. All the kids are crying now. What_____makes them so unhappy?
A. it is
B. is it
C. it is that
D. is it that
21. Unfortunately, the package I was expecting was _____ to the wrong address.
A. written
B. given
C. packed
D. delivered
22. _____by a large audience, he felt very nervous and didn't know what to say.
A. Watching
B. Watch
C. Watched
D. Having watched
23. I'm very grateful for your help and hope to do something for you_____in the future.
A. in exchange
B. instead
C. in return
D. in particular
24. I can ____you that the animals are well cared for in our zoo, so you needn't worry about them.
A. suppose
B. assume
C. assure
D. grant
25. The drowning boy made a _____ attempt to catch the rope thrown to him.
A. dangerous
B. graceful
C. gentle
D. desperate
26. If we_____early tomorrow morning, we will reach the coast before dark.
A. take off
B. set off
C. set up
D. take up
27. A lot of people mistake John for Bill because they _____ each other in appearance too much!
A. weave
B. utilize
C. reveal
D. resemble
28. When there are cordial relations between the two countries, we mean there exists a_____ relationship between them.
A. friendly
B. hostile
C. fertile
D. complicated
29. The patient's recovery was very encouraging as he could_____get out of bed without help.
A. only
B. almost
C. me'rely
D. hardly
30. At the job interview, Mr. Brown gave a good _____ of himself and finally got a job as a salesman.
A. opinion
B. idea
C. cry
D. account
31. As is well known, eating too much fat can_____heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. add to
B. attend to
C. contribute to
D. apply to
32. A club is a place to make frequent_____with friends.
A. accounts
B. attempts
C. contents
D. contacts
33. _____the obvious differences in size and population, the states of America have many things_____ common.
A. Although。 on
B. Though。 in
C. Despite。 in
D. Because of。 on
34. Scientists say it may be five or six years _____this medicine is tested on human beings.
A. since
B. before
C. after
D. when
35. With larger numbers of graduates than ever before, just having a degree will no longer be enough to make you _____in the crowd.
A. stand up
B. stand by
C. stand for
D. stand out
36. The doctor tried to do an experiment to find out the_____of the medicine on the mice.
A. cause
B. result
C. reason
D. effect
37. This is only one of the laundries in the district modem equipment.
A. that have
B. which have
C. that has
D. what has
38. Skating can be good for you _____ correctly.
A. though doing
B. though done
C. if done
D. if doing
39. By the end of last week 611 people from 49 countries to attend the meeting, with nearly half coming from the United States, Germany and Britain.
A. had registered
B. have registered
C. registered
D. were registered
40. It was suggested that____big event like the Year of Russia in China should certainly benefit_____relationship between the two countries.
A. a。 the
B. the。 a
C. a。 /
D. the。 /
41. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded_____ other more well-informed experimenters failed.
A. as
B. unless
C. what
D. where
42. Having been praised by the teacher, the little girl ran back home, _____.
A. happily and satisfied
B. eager and excitedly
C. happy and satisfied
D. anxiously and excitedly
43．—How are their talks going on? Have they reached any agreement?
—They only seemed to have agreed to set another date for __ talks.
A. deeper
B. slower
C. further
D. higher
44. _____ ten minutes earlier, you wouldn't have missed the train.
But you were late.
A. Had you come
B. Did you come
C. Have you come
D. Should you come
45. Having been told that her son died in the accident, the old woman
appeared very calm, as if nothing _____.
A. happened
B. were happened
C. was happened
D. had happened
Part III Identification (10%)
46. I don't think a warm winter always has a negative influence on our life, hasn't it?
A B C D
47. We have been told that under no circumstances we may use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
A B C D
48. A warm thought suddenly came to me which I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday.
A B C D
49. To wait in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized that he had left the wallet in the car.
A B C D
50. The Great Wall is So a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
A B C D
51. Equipped with modem facilities, today's hospitals are quite different from that of the past.
A B C D
52. We solved the problem by using a computer rather than to do it all by hand.
A B C D
53. Who has eyes can see what great achievements we have made since 1978.
A B C D
54. Surely, there are lots of problems solving in our research so we need to get well prepared in advance.
A B C D
55. The harder he tried, the most failures he suffered in his early days as a writer
A B C D
Part IV Cloze (10%)
We have quite a bit of information about ancient Egyptian medicine. Doctors' instructions have been found to tell us 56 they did for the sick and the injured. 57 many of the treatments included magic, ancient Egyptians used plant leaves and other methods to treat many 58 .
Religion, magic and medicine were 59 related in ancient Egypt. Some priests (牧师) were specially 60 as doctors to 61 the sick and the injured. Doctors were held to a
high moral standard. Patients was treated with 62 and their 63 information was highly secret. The highest-ranking doctors were priests of the goddess Sekhmet, 64 controlled illnesses. Doctors spent a part of each year 65 the goddess. Doctors were thought to be 66 to the gods and able to ask them for healing.
Temples were centers for healing. 67 a person was ill, he or she would come to the temple or 68 a doctor for a diagnosis (诊断). A(n) 69 problem was treated with medicine, prayer and magic. If a clear cause was not 70 , the diagnosis would be that the illness was caused by an evil spirit or cUrse. The doctor would use magic spells to 71 a cure. 72 , a diagnosis could not be reached. 73 this case, a patient would be told to rest for a period of time 74 another examination could be 75.
56. A. what B. why C. that D. which
57. A. When B. Since C. Although D. After
58. A. damages B. diseases C. disasters D. destructions
59. A. hardly B. closely C. mainly D. shortly
60. A. trained B. designed C. planned D. studied
61. A. look to B. come to C. care for D. search for
62. A. reputation B. inspection C. fame D. respect
63. A. ill B. own C. hidden D. personal
64. A. that B. which C. who D. what
65. A. serving B. reading C. learning D. following
66. A. careful B. generous C. mean D. close
67. A. Before B. When C. Until D. Since
68. A. think over B. apply to C. call for D. make up
69. A. serious B. internal C. odd D. obvious
70. A. treated B. discovered C. cured D. aroused
71. A. bring about B. set out C. insist on D. make up
72. A. Subsequently B. Consequently C. Occasionally D. Hopefully
73. A. With B. In C. For D. On
74. A. until B. when C. although D. because
75. A. decided B. performed C. carried D. discussed
Part V Translation (20%)
Section A
Directions: In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passages to identify their meanings in the context.
76. It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe fi.om the bacteria that need oxygen to live.
77. His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life—he could have been a rich man.
78. After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control.
79. The good news is that even slight alterations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life.
80. Previous studies have shown the longer the mom breastfeeds, the more benefit for her body.
SectionB
Directions：In this part there are five sentences in Chinese．You should translate them into English．Be sure to write clearly．
81．在房子前面的大树下放着一张桌子。
82．他二十七岁时开始学英语。
83．全球化也正在改变人们的生活方式。
84．这部电影我已经看过好几遍了。
85．这就是他五年前住过的房子。