English Language 英语语言
English Language
English Language, primary language of the majority of people in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, other former colonies of Britain, and territories of the United States. It is also an official or semiofficial language of many countries with a colonial past, such as India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and South Africa. Even in countries where English is not a primary or official language, it is taught as a foreign language and used as the language of technology and diplomacy. English is spoken in more parts of the world than any other language and by more people than any other language except Chinese.
English is classified as an Indo-European language. It is part of the Germanic subfamily and is grouped with its most closely related language, Frisian, as part of the Anglo-Frisian group. Other related languages include Dutch, Flemish, and the Low German dialects, and, more distantly, Modern High German
DEVELOPMENT OF THE LANGUAGE
Three main stages are usually recognized in the history of the development of the English language. Linguists disagree on when English began. They base their arguments largely on what texts are available that differentiate English from its Germanic cousins on the European continent and on how long it must have taken for spoken English to become a distinctive language. Traditionally, Old English, known formerly as Anglo-Saxon, is dated from AD 449 to 1066 or 1100. Middle English dates from 1066 or 1100 to 1450 or 1500. Modern English dates from about 1450 or 1500 and can be subdivided into Early Modern English, from about 1500 to 1660, and Late Modern English, from about 1660 to the present.
1：Old English Period
Old English, a variant of West Germanic, was spoken by certain Germanic peoples (Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) of the regions comprising present-day southern Denmark and northern Germany who invaded Britain in the 5th century AD. According to tradition, the Jutes were the first to arrive,
in 449. Settling in Britain, the invaders drove the indigenous
Celtic-speaking peoples, notably the Britons, to the north and west. As time went on, Old English evolved further from the original Continental form, and regional dialects developed.
The four major dialects recognized in Old English are Kentish, originally the dialect spoken by the Jutes; West Saxon, a branch of the dialect spoken by the Saxons; and Northumbrian (see Northumberland) and Mercian (see Mercia), subdivisions of the dialects spoken by the Angles. By the 9th century, partly through the influence of Alfred, king of the West Saxons and the first ruler of all England, West Saxon became prevalent in prose literature. A Mercian mixed dialect, however, was primarily used for the greatest poetry, such as the anonymous 8th-century epic poem Beowulf and the contemporary elegiac poems.
Old English was a much more inflected language than contemporary English. It was characterized by strong and weak verbs; a dual number for pronouns (for example, a form for we two as well as for we); two different declensions of adjectives; four declensions of nouns; and grammatical distinctions of gender. Although rich in word-building possibilities, Old English was sparse in vocabulary. It borrowed a few proper nouns from the language of the conquered Celts, primarily those such as Aberdeen(“mouth of the Dee”) and Inchcape(“island cape”) that describe geographical features. Scholars believe that ten common nouns in Old English are of Celtic origin; among these are cart, down, and clock. Although other Celtic words not preserved in literature may have been in use during the Old English period, most Modern English words of Celtic origin, that is, those derived from Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, or Irish, are comparatively recent borrowings. See Celtic Languages.
The number of Latin words, many of them derived from the Greek, that were introduced during the Old English period has been estimated at 140. A few were probably introduced through Celtic; others were brought to Britain by the Germanic invaders, who previously had come into contact with Roman culture. Most Latin words were introduced as a result of the spread of Christianity. Such words included not only ecclesiastical terms—for example, altar, mass, priest, psalm, temple—but also many others of less specialized significance, such as cheese, wine, and street.
About 40 Scandinavian (Old Norse) words were introduced into Old English by the Norsemen, or Vikings, who invaded Britain periodically from the late 8th century on. Introduced first were words pertaining to the sea and battle, but shortly after the initial invasions other words used in the Scandinavian social and administrative system—for example, the word
law—entered the language, as well as the verb form are and such widely used words as take, cut, both, ill, and ugly.
2：Middle English Period
At the beginning of the Middle English period, which dates from the Norman Conquest of 1066, the language was still quite highly inflectional. By the end of the period the relationship between the elements of the sentence depended basically on word order. As early as 1200 the three or four grammatical case forms of nouns in the singular had been reduced to two, and to denote the plural the noun ending (e)s had been adopted.
The declension of the noun was simplified further by dropping the final n from five cases of the fourth, or weak, declension; by neutralizing all vowel endings to e (sounded like the a in Modern English sofa), and by extending the masculine, nominative, and accusative plural ending -as, later neutralized also to -es,to other declensions and other cases. Only one example of a weak plural ending, oxen, survives in Modern English; kine and brethren are later formations. Several representatives of the Old English modification of the root vowel in the plural survive also, such as man, men, and foot, feet.
With the reduction of inflections, the distinctions of grammatical gender in English were replaced by those of natural gender. During this period the dual number fell into disuse, and the dative and accusative of pronouns were reduced to a common form. Furthermore, the Scandinavian they, them were substituted for the original hie, hem of the third person plural, and who, which,and that acquired their present relative functions. The conjugation of verbs was simplified by the reduction of endings and by the use of a common form for the singular and plural of the past tense of strong verbs.
In the early period of Middle English, a number of utilitarian words, such as egg, sky, sister, window, and get, came into the language from Old Norse. The Normans brought other additions to the vocabulary. Before 1250 about 900 new words had appeared in English, mainly words, such as baron, noble, and feast, that the Anglo-Saxon lower classes required in their dealings with the Norman-French nobility. Eventually the Norman nobility and clergy learned English, but they introduced into it words from the French language pertaining to the government, the church, the
army, and the fashions of the court, in addition to others proper to the arts, scholarship, and medicine.
Midland, the dialect of Middle English derived from the Mercian dialect of Old English, became important during the 14th century, when the English counties in which it was spoken developed into centers of university, economic, and courtly life. East Midland, one of the subdivisions of Midland, had by that time become the speech of the entire metropolitan area of the capital, London, and probably had spread south of the Thames River into Kent and Surrey. The influence of East Midland was strengthened by its use in the government offices of London, by its literary dissemination in the works of the 14th-century poets Geoffrey Chaucer, John Gower, and John Lydgate, and most significantly by its adoption for printed works by William Caxton. These and other circumstances gradually contributed to the direct development of the East Midland dialect into the Modern English standard language.
During the period of this linguistic transformation the other Middle English dialects continued to exist, and dialects descending from them are still spoken in the 21st century. Lowland Scots, for example, is a development of the Northern dialec
3：Modern English Period
In the early part of the Modern English period the vocabulary was enlarged by the widespread use of one part of speech for another and by increased borrowings from other languages. The revival of interest in Latin and Greek during the Renaissance brought new words into English from those languages. Other words were introduced by English travelers and merchants after their return from journeys on the Continent. From Italian came cameo, stanza, and violin; from Spanish and Portuguese, alligator, peccadillo,and sombrero.During its development, Modern English borrowed words from more than 50 different languages. The works of William Shakespeare are prime examples of the way in which an accomplished writer could incorporate a wide vocabulary and reflect the expanding geographical and cultural horizons of the Renaissance.
In the late 17th century and during the 18th century, certain important grammatical changes occurred. The formal rules of English grammar were established during that period. The pronoun its came into use, replacing the genitive form his, which was the only form used by the translators of the King James Bible (1611). The progressive tenses developed from the
use of the participle as a noun preceded by the preposition on; the preposition gradually weakened to a and finally disappeared. Thereafter only the simple ing form of the verb remained in use, as in, for example, “The baby is crying.” After the 18th century this process of development culminated in the creation of the progressive passive form, for example, “The job is being done.”
The most important development begun during this period and continued without interruption throughout the 19th and 20th centuries concerned vocabulary. As a result of colonial expansion, notably in North America but also in other areas of the world, many new words entered the English language. From the indigenous peoples of North America, the words raccoon and wigwam were borrowed; from Peru, llama and quinine; from the West Indies, barbecue and cannibal; from Africa, chimpanzee and zebra; from India, bandanna, curry, and punch; and from Australia, kangaroo and boomerang. In addition, thousands of scientific terms were developed to denote new concepts, discoveries, and inventions. Many of these terms, such as neutron, penicillin, and supersonic, were formed from Greek and Latin roots; others were borrowed from modern languages, as with blitzkrieg from German and sputnik from Russian.
4: 20th-Century English
For much of the 20th century in Great Britain, the speech of educated persons could be classified as Received Standard English. A class dialect rather than a regional dialect, it was based on the type of speech cultivated at such schools as Eton and Harrow and at older universities such as Oxford and Cambridge. Many English people who speak regional dialects in their childhood acquire Received Standard English while attending school and university or serving in the military. Its influence was strengthened by its use in such public media as the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). However, widely differing regional and local dialects remained in use throughout Britain. In recent decades regional dialects of British English have become much more prestigious locally and much more acceptable in the highest social circles. Today, BBC national broadcasters may have regional accents such as Welsh, Scottish, and Northern Irish.
In different English-speaking countries recognizable varieties of English have developed. For example, the English language in Ireland has retained certain individual peculiarities of pronunciation, some of which resul t from contact with Ireland’s Gaelic language and some of which result from contact with Scots. Scotland has a number of regional dialects and is considered by some linguists to have developed into a separate
language. Lowland Scots, sometimes called Lallans (see Scottish Language), was first made known throughout the English-speaking world by the songs of 18th-century Scottish poet Robert Burns. It features differences in pronunciation, such as guid for “good”, and words of Scandinavian origin, such as braw(for “fine”) and bairn (for “child”).The Doric, spoken in Aberdeenshire in Scotland, features pronunciation differences, such as fit for “what,” and distinctive vocabulary, such as quine for “woman.” The English spoken in Australia is notable for its ma rked diphthongization of vowels, its retention of features from English regional dialect usages, its incorporation of indigenous Australian terms such as wallaby and digeridoo.
5: American English
An important development of English outside Great Britain occurred with the colonization of North America. American English may be considered to include the English spoken in Canada, although the Canadian variety retains some features of British pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulary. The most distinguishing differences between American English and British English are in pronunciation and vocabulary, although there are slighter differences in grammar, spelling, pitch, and stress as well. American English appears to be both tolerant of newly coined words and conservative in comparison to British English.
There are a wide variety of American dialects, some of which appear to be diverging markedly from others. In particular, dialects of certain Northern cities seem to be undergoing shifts that are different from those of certain Southern cities. Furthermore, American English has developed rather distinctive ethnic dialects, such as African American Vernacular English and Hispanic American English. The use of ethnic dialects varies from region to region and social group to social group.
6: Pidgin English
English also features a number of simplified languages that arose among non-English-speaking peoples. Pidgin English (see Pidgin) developed as a means of communication between English and non-English-speaking traders. It is spoken in the Melanesian islands (see Melanesia), New Guinea, Australia, the Philippines, and Hawaii, and on the Asian shores of the Pacific Ocean. The speakers of Pidgin English developed a simplified structure with a vocabulary formed from a mixture of English, indigenous,
and international words. The vocabulary gradually expanded with frequency of contact and the extension of communication requirements.
Bêche-de-Mer, a pidgin spoken in the southern and western Pacific islands, is predominantly English in structure, although it includes many Polynesian words. Chinook Jargon, used as a lingua franca by the Native Americans, French, and English on the North American Pacific coast, contains English, French, and Native American words; its grammatical structure is based on that of the Chinook language. The use of pidgin is growing in Africa, notably in Cameroon, Sierra Leone, and East Africa. Certain varieties of this sort have developed further, becoming the first language of generations of speakers. These languages are referred to as creoles; examples include Jamaican and Hawaiian Creole.
ENGLISH
听力 NO.2 1. C. a grain of sand got into this 2. C. the boy’s mother and … 3. B. at a party. 4. B. Because he wants to invite.. 5. B. because he ….cheated. NO.4 1.A. She doesn’t find the food to her 2.B. She also thinks that their math 3.C. They are neighbors. 4.A.She thinks that her son is a bit to 5.B. Personally, he thinks highly NO.6 1. C.In NEW York 2. A. 2 3. B. Because he doesn’t want 4. C. Answer the question 5. A. because tom was eating NO.1 1. How much did the bicycle cost? c. 54.99 2. What attracted Tom to the shop? c. The advertisement 3. What made Tom so angry? a. There wasn’t a lamp… 4. How did the shopkeeper reply? b. calmly 5. Why did the shopkeeper mention.? c. To tell…. NO.3 1.Little Susie said she got a 100 in school because C. She had a mistaken… 2. L S wanted her dad to give her A. a reward 3. If LS really got a 100….. C. would do as promised 4 Why did LS run to … B Because she was used 5.As a result, her dad would… C. explain what…. NO.5 1.All the mice had a meeting one day because B, their lives were threatened 2.What conclusion can you make according to the story? C, None of the mice … 3.Mouse C was C. A lady mouse 4. offered the idea of tying … A.. Mouse D 5. An adolescent mouse expressed his doubt about the idea because C he was sure that none of them NO.7 1.What does “a father of five” probably mean? B. A father who has five children 2.Why did the father buy a toy? C.He wanted to reward… 3.How did he know who the best A .He asked his children 4.What did he mean by …? C.He meant…obedient 5.Why was there silence…? A.Because none of them.. NO.8 Dong Dong is a clever boy, but he doesn’t study hard enough at school. Every time he takes an exam, he feels worried .When school finishes, he feels happy again because he can playbasketball …..Next year he will finish his middle school studies. If he wants to go to university, he has to study very hard this year. However, if he does poorly in the final exam,…become a good sportsman. He runs fast . He plays ball games beautifully .Anyway…..love him very much and he will always live happily with them. NO.9 Yao Ling and Lu Xiang are both athletes. They are also good friend. Yao Ling is from Shanghai, a city much large than Lu Xiang’s hometown, but Lu Xiang can enjoy cleaner air in his hometown. Yao is stronger than Lu, but he isn’t as handsome as LU. Lu cannot play basketball as well as Yao ,but he runs much faster. Yao earns more money each year, but Lu spends less money on his cloths, for he is shorter and thinner than his friend . Lu has visited as manyforeign countries as Yao, but Yao speaks English better because he has more chances to chat with his American teammates. They both work hard for our country and we are proud of them. 读写 1.He was crippled with polio when he was only 5 years old. 2.With his head bare, he ran out of the room into the freezing wind. 3.With three year’s schooling, he could only find a part-time job as a porter at a railway station. 4.Very interested (很感兴趣)in the game, he was ready to give it a try. 5.She was very happy(她很高 兴),she dashed out of the house. 6.After reading Hemingway, Join was fired with ambition to become a writer. 7.My wife doesn’t really care for tea; she likes coffee better. 8.Don’t mix up those papers, or we’ll never find the ones we need. 9.Reluctantly Alice shared the chocolate with her younger brother. 10.The branches of the trees are swaying in the wind. 11.He took in the situation at a glance and apologized for his son’s behavior. 12. A motorcyclist was injured when a car pulled into his lane. 13.Simon beats me in chess, but I’m better in tennis. 14.My daughter sat down beside me on the carpet to play with her new Barbie doll. 15.I try to pay her off. But every time I agree to her terms, she comes back with higher demands. 16.Will you domea favor and turn off the TV? 17.The police are making enquiries and try to get the truth of the whole thing. 18.What sort of qualifications do I need for the job? 19.He was a household name in the 1950s, but now no one knows him. 20.It is impossible to define exactly what makes him so attractive. 21.Villagers feared her because they thought she was possessed by devil. 22.Is he aware of the latest style in pop music? 23.You must get rid of that annoying habit of cleaning you throat every time you speak. 24.Success, don’t come by accident. Only those who try hard enough will be rewarded. 25.She requested that I see her off(要我给她送行) at the airport. 26.The general ordered that the troops set out immediately部 队应立刻出发) to the front. 27.The doctor insisted thathe not eat meat(他不吃肉) 28.They advised that she not go to Hong Kong until next week(下 星期再去香港) 29.The headmaster maintained thatall the textbooks be distributed to the pupils immediately(所有的教科书必 须马上发给学生) 30.But you’re picking up the threads again now.
英语论文语言学方向选题课件.
语言学方向论文选题 1.浅谈英汉句子结构差异 2.诗意的美和喜剧性幽默 3.英汉禁忌语、委婉语的对比研究 4.英汉数字习语的对比研究 5.词义演变的原因与方式 6.名词化的语篇功能 7.诺曼时期法语对英语词汇的影响 8.浅谈英语虚拟语气及其语用功能 9.隐喻与一词多义的关系 10.英汉被动句对比研究 11.英汉宾语类型差异的认知原因 12.英汉动词非谓语用法比较研究 13.英汉否定问句的答句对比研究 14.英汉合成词构词对比研究 15.英汉名词短语修饰模式比较 16.英汉拟声词异同探讨 17.英汉人称代词运用对比研究 18.英语复合词的语义分析及其类型 19.英语委婉语的使用原则与策略 20.语境对词义的制约作用 21.汉英色彩词汇的对比研究及其象征意义 22.中英恭维语对比研究 23.委婉语的礼貌原则研究及策略 24.汉英“山丘”对比研究 25.英汉颜色词跨域对比分析—以RED和红为例 26.英语道歉方式的策略及研究 27.英语拒绝言语行为研究 28.英语委婉语的寒暄功能 29.英语请求言语的策略研究
30.英语课堂教师提问的策略研究 31.会话得体：会话者的立场语境运用研究 32.英语课堂学生提问的策略研究 33.英语课堂的焦虑现象及策略研究 34.广告口号语的语言特点 35.从礼貌原则看短信语言 36.从合作原则看课堂师生互动 37.浅析中英言语行为中的礼貌原则 38.中英政治新闻报道中的模糊语言研究 39.言语错误分析理论在教学中的应用 40.英汉颜色词的引申义的文化差别 41.外语学习中应该重视中介语的作用 42.浅谈英汉句子结构差异 43.副词EVER的句法环境和语义特征 44.论文化差异与英语教学中的文化导入 45.学习者的动机因素对外语学习的影响 46.浅谈词汇搭配错误分析及其应对策略 47.浅析英语语言中的性别歧视现象 48.礼貌原则在商务英语写作中的应用 49.中英文性别歧视习语的对比研究 50.称谓语使用中的性别差异 51.从认知角度看隐喻在经济语篇中的应用 52.浅析广告语言的特点 53.浅谈英语新词的产生、构成及翻译 54.浅谈网络英语中的缩略语。 55.论中英文化对隐喻的影响 56.礼貌原则在商务谈判中的作用 57.浅析英汉语言中的性别歧视现象及其根源 58.英诗中的常用修辞研究 59.英语词汇中的外来语单词
英语语言学毕业论文(精选多篇)
英语语言学毕业论文(精选多篇) 第一篇：英语专业毕业论文：社会语言学the definition of sociolinguistics and its characteristic 外语系06接本6班尹珊珊24号 [abstract]sociolinguistics is a term including the aspects of linguistics applied toward the connections between language and society, and the way we use it in different social situations. it ranges from the study of the wide variety of dialects across a given region down to the analysis between the way men and women speak to one another. sociolinguistics often shows us the humorous realities of human speech and how a dialect of a given language can often describe the age, sex, and social class of the speaker; it codes the social function of a language. [key words] sociolinguisticssociolinguistics variationsocial function [content]sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used. it also studies how lects differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, etc., and how creation and adherence to these rules is used to categorize individual socio-economic classes. as the usage of a language varies from place to place, and language usage varies among social classes. it is socialists that sociolinguistics studies.
介绍英国文化的英语作文2篇
介绍英国文化的英语作文2篇 英国文化英语作文一：介绍英国The Englishman love to behave gentlemanly and the Englishwoman love to behave ladily. They also show their respect to ladies. They always say Lady first. In their daily life. the English pay attention to their appearance. They dress neatly. They shake hands when they meet other. When they are with others, they usually say pleasethank yousorry and so on. The breakfast in Britain is very rich. Usually there are all kinds of egg products, oatmeal, bacon, ham, sausages, butter, jam, bread, milk, juice, coffee and so on. They are popular with the western countries. Whats more, the English like drinking tea. They have the habit of drink afternoon tea at about 3 in the afternoon. They enjoy drinking tea and treat it as a kind of seeing friends. 【参考译文】 英国人崇尚绅士风度和淑女风范，讲究女士优先。在日常生活中，英国人注意仪表，讲究穿著，英国人的见面礼是握手礼。与人交往时，注重用敬语请、谢谢对不起等。英式菜的早餐很丰盛，一般有各种蛋品、麦片粥、咸肉、火腿、香肠、黄油、果酱、面包、牛奶、果汁、咖啡等，受到
川大大学英语二第二次网上作业答案
一、单项选择题。本大题共40个小题，每小题2.5 分，共100.0分。在每小题给出的选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。 1. —What a poor job I’ve done! —_______ 2. ( D ) 1. Do it again. 2. 3. You can do it. 4. 5. Do your best! 6. 7. Don’t be upset. No one can do it better than you. 8. 3. —Are you doing anything special on Friday, Bill? —_______ —Oh, what a pity! 4. ( B ) 1. No, nothing special 2. 3. Yes, I have promised to call on some friends 4. 5. Yes, of course 6. 7. No, I’m not sure. Why? 8. 1. —I’d like to make an appointment with Mr. White. —_______ 2. ( C ) 1.
Sorry, he is busy at the moment. 2. 3. Why didn’t you call earlier? 4. 5. Certainly. May I know your name? 6. 7. Sorry. He doesn’t want to see you. 8. 1. —This is the worst film ever produced. Do you think so? —_______ 2. ( B ) 1. You’re wrong 2. 3. I don’t think so, I’m afraid 4. 5. Not at all 6. 7. No, that’s not real 8. 1. —My dear! I made a mistake again. —_______ 2. ( B ) 1. Be careful. 2. 3. Don’t w orry. We can do something to make up for it. 4. 5. What a pity!
English(1)
1.I want to write a letter into your dream, but I never know the address. 我想写一封 信，寄到你的梦里，但却不知道地址。 2.The strongest man in the world is the man who stands alone. – Thomas H. Huxley 这世界上最强大的人，就是那些能一个人孤单生活的人。 3.Don‘t let the past steal your present. 别让过去悄悄偷走了你的当下 4.Do you understand the feeling of missing someone? it is just like that you will spend a long hard time to turn the ice-cold water you have drunk into tears.——你知道思 念一个人的滋味吗，就像喝了一大杯冰水，然后用很长很长的时间流成热泪。 5.If the heart has no place to perch on, you will always be a drifter no matter where you are. 心若没有栖息的地方，到哪里都是在流浪。 6.No matter the ending is perfect or not, you cannot disappear from my world. 不管结 局是否完美，我的世界不允许你消失。 7.Do not pray for easy lives, pray to be stronger.~~~ 与其祈求生活平淡点，还不如祈 求自己强大点。 8.Because of loving you so much that I stood aside. Although my figure left you away, my heart didn‘t. Today I have made up my mind to say ―I love you‖~~~ 正是因为爱才悄悄的躲开，躲开的是身影，躲不开的是默默的情怀；今天我终于鼓起勇气，向你说出"我爱你" 9.Help me out whenever I want you .别人欺负我时，你要在第一时间出来帮我。 10.Don‘t lie to me，ok?真心待我，好吗？ 11.Sometimes you must let it go , to see if there was anything worth holding on to. 有 时候，你必须放手，才能明白是否它真的值得你拥有。 12.How can I believe that there is still pure love in this world?让我如何相信，这世界上 还有一尘不染的爱情。 13.It'd be better we don't meet again because of the skillful acting.即使再见面，成熟地 表演，不如不见。 14.Maybe for those that have been missed, they are fated to be this way.也许那些错过 的，是因为注定就要错过。 15.Everybody needs love, especially for those who don't deserve it.人人需要爱，特别是 不值得爱的人
英语语言学论文
华 中 师 范 大 学 本 科 生 课 程 论 文 论文题目 The Study of Speech Sound in Language 完成时间 2012.12 课程名称 现代语言学概论 专 业 辅修第二学位英语专业 年 级 2010英语第二学位辅修本科生 成 绩 评卷人 姓 名 学 号
The Study of Speech Sounds in Language I. Introduction Knowledge of a language includes that of the different components of the language: the morphemes,words,phrases,and sentences. It also includes knowing what sounds are in the language and how these sounds are put together to form meaningful units. Different terms can be found in describing the sound system of language. Traditional terminology puts phonetics and phonology at a paralleled level. In this terminology, phonetics is the study of separate speech sounds, while phonology is concerned with the system of combination of sounds. According to the terminology in some books, however, the study of speech sounds in a general way is termed as phonology. It is concerned with all the aspects of the speech sounds and sound systems of a language. Its subdivisions are phonemics. Phonetics deals with speech sounds in isolation, and phonemics studies the systems of speech sounds. To avoid confusion, the traditional terminology is adopted in this book. II. Analysis on ---- 2.1. Analysis of speech sounds The study of phonic medium of language in isolation is the level of phonetics, attempting to describes all the sounds that occur in human language. It’s mainly concerned with the production, transmission, and perception of the speech sounds. Analysis of speech sounds can be approached from the following 4 levels Level 1: anatomy and physiology----refers to speech organs and their functions Level 2: articulatory phonetics----studies how to produce speech sounds. Level 3: auditory phonetics---studies how the sounds are perceived by the hearer. Level4: acoustic phonetics----studies the way speech sounds are transmitted in the air(using spectrographs, analyze sound waves). 2. 2. Process of speech production and perception 2.2.1. Articulatory phonetics studies the sounds from the speaker’s point of view,how a speaker manipulates his speech organs to produce speech sounds. This branch is the longest established and the most highly developed. 2.2.2. Auditory phonetics studies the way listeners perceive the speech
英国文化与文化对比英文完整版
英国文化与文化对比英 文 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
Western students enjoy a seemingly relaxed educational experience. This, however, is not the case for students in Asia, who face crushing workloads and are often very disciplined. In the first part of her Globalist. The decision is partly based on an inability — or unwillingness — to spend thousands of dollars in tuition fees, especially given the suspicion that local schools are better anyway. After all, what more could one want from a basic education than a strong grounding in language, math and science, all subjects in which Asian schools famously excel. Our main concern is the ability of our son — and indeed the whole family — to adapt to the strict diligence that is expected of the Chinese. Apprehension increases when talking to local friends. China has a long history of standardized tests, beginning with the ancient imperial exams initiated during the Sui Chen is at the top of the class at
2019春大学英语三第二次在线作业
2019春大学英语三第二次在线作业单选题 (共40道题) 1.（ 2.5分）– Is it going to rain? -- _________. ?A、Thank you. ?B、I like the rain. ?C、I love sunshine. ?D、I think so. 我的答案：D 此题得分：2.5分 2.（2.5分）– what does the weather forecast say? －－___________. ?A、It says I’m fine. ?B、It says it is going to snow. ?C、It says the traffic will turn better. ?D、It says OK. 我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分 3.（2.5分）– Excuse me, are you free tomorrow evening? --___________. ?A、You’re welcome. ?B、I’m glad to see you. ?C、It doesn’t m atter. ?D、I think so. 我的答案：D 此题得分：2.5分 4.（2.5分）– Do you enjoy your food? --___________. ?A、Thank you. ?B、I’d like a cup of tea. ?C、Yes, they’re delicious.
?D、OK. 我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分 5.（2.5分）– What can I do for you? --__________. ?A、Hello. ?B、I want to buy this book. ?C、Thank you. ?D、Nice to meet you. 我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分 6.（2.5分） Iron expands when____ . ?A、heat ?B、hot ?C、heated ?D、is hot 我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分 7.（2.5分）— What did you think of Bellow’s new book? — I enjoyed ________ it. ?A、to read ?B、reading ?C、to have read ?D、the reading of 我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分 8.（2.5分）—May I help you with some shoes, sir? — Yes. I’ d lik e to try on those brown __________. ?A、one ?B、ones ?C、two ?D、pair
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1.The World's Best Cities for Students 全球十佳求学城市 2.Life Success Zone 追逐幸福 3.Animals Riding on Other Animals 动物骑动物 1.Get More Done In Less Time | Life Success Zone 如何让你事半功倍 2.Forced Friends: Want a Job? Give Up Y our Facebook Password 强迫交友：要工作吗？把你的Facebook 密码交出来 3.Should 3-Y ear-Olds Learn Computer Programming? 3岁大的孩子应该学电脑编程吗 Where there is a will there is way. 有志者事竟成。 1.Path’s Business Model: Selling The Means Of Self-Expression Path 的商业模式：给条路让你瞎得瑟 2.When to Wear Sunglasses | ReaderDigest 何时该戴太阳镜 3.What The Hell Is Project Management, Anyway? 项目管理，这货到底是什么东西？ 4.Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere 学习是宝藏并会随时给你带来更多 The only way to suceed at something is to first give it a try.在成功的唯一方法就是先给它一试。 If it doesn't kill you it only makes you stronger. Slow and steady wins the race如果不杀了你这只会让你更坚强。缓慢且持续的人会赢得比赛 like to have fun and enjoy the class as much as the student while finding the right method or tool to satisfy my student, because I believe nobody wants to learn from a person that is giving out any negative vibe. By keeping the lessons entertaining I usually would prepare lesson plans ahead of time which will help the student learn more effectively.喜欢玩得开心,享受班学生在尽可能多的方法或找到合适的工具来满足我的学生,因为我相信没有人愿意学习的人,送出任何负面的感觉。通过保持课有趣我通常会提前准备课程计划将帮助学生学习更有效率。喜欢有乐趣和享受尽学生在找到正确的方法或工具来满足我的学生，因为我相信没有人愿意学习的人，是给任何消极的氛围。通过保持课有趣我通常会准备教案提早将帮助学生更有效地学习。 5.I try to find out what type of learner my student is, so that I can present material in an appropriate manner for them to learn most efficiently. 我尝试着找出我的学生是什么类型的学习者,以致于我可以用适当方式呈现教材，这对他们来说是最有效的 假设你要到美国一所中学参观，你被邀请到一个班级去演讲，请写一篇简短的自我介绍，内容可以包括自己的学校，爱好，以及家乡等等。100字以内。 提示。家乡，广东省茂名市，沿海地区。学校，实验中学，高二12班。爱好 My hometown is Guangdong Maoming which lies in the south coast of China. I study in Shiyan High school and I'm in grade 2.Our campus is very beautiful and there are much charming view.I study hard every day and I wish to go abroad for further education.I have som e hobbies such as basketball,tennis,swimming and so on.I like making friends with others. Dear fellow students, May i have you attention,please?Now I'd like to a speech here. As we know, waste have become common scenes on campus.Som e pour the remauns of a meal when there is still much leave;others simply walk away after washing hands,leaving the water running;students leave and go to classroom everyday, regardless of whther fans are switched off.Has proxidence, the natonal tradition that descendes from long history gone?if so,then find it back! We don't have to attain a great cause of controlling waste, but actions and a grateful heart are more enough:be grateful for the water that runs through fingers ,and save it for poor Arabian or African coutries struggling in water shortage; be grateful for the lightness we have access to because in slums children share a faint lamp to read;be grateful for all the paper and sheets we are able to use, for trees were cut down to satisfy ouyr needs;be gratyeful for everything naturehas to offer and everything we can own. Live and act, the tradition of providence will never fade.
英语语言学论文题目
英语语言学论文题目 13论国际商务谈判中的语言交际技巧 33成人世界的童话——从文体学角度解析现今童话再度流行的现象49论文化差异与英汉商标互译 55浅谈英汉句子结构差异 59诗意的美和喜剧性幽默 62试论广告英语的语言特点 65统觉团对英语初学者词汇学习的影响 67外语学习中应该重视中介语的作用 69新闻报道中的转述动词研究 73英汉禁忌语、委婉语的对比研究 74英汉数字习语的对比研究 76英译汉中词序的变动 78英语广告的语言特征 80英语双关语汉译的可译性限度 101词义演变的原因与方式 137从汉语中英语借词的翻译看文化交流 138从价值观转换看斯佳丽的角色特征 142从礼貌准则看中英文化的异同 146从习语看英汉民族的文化差异 149从英语人名中看性别歧视
157动词过程类型的选择和话语隐性态度的表达161对母语在英语写作中词汇负迁移现象的思考162对严复译作中“信”的质疑 167法律英语用词特征分析 168法律语言翻译与法律文体 177副词EVER的句法环境和语义特征 180功能语法视角下的英语报纸新闻标题的功能183广告口号语的语言特点 189国际商务文化之对比研究 204汉语中双关语的翻译 213基于概念隐喻的诗歌解读 228论广告英语中的幽默 265论广告英语的语言特点 268论汉英谚语的语言特征 280论清教理念与美国西进运动 282论莎士比亚十四行诗中的时间 300论英语广告中几种常用修辞格及其汉译310论尤金?奥尼尔的表现主义手法 324名词化的语篇功能 330诺曼时期法语对英语词汇的影响 339浅谈英语虚拟语气的语用功能
340浅谈英语虚拟语气及其语用功能 345浅析二十世纪计算机英语词汇的构成特点346浅析汉英动物谚语中的文化 348浅析英汉语言中的性别歧视现象及其根源349浅析英语禁忌语及其发展 352浅析英语无标志被动句 356浅议译者能力 359认知语言学角度下“within” 的空间隐喻意义365商标英语汉译的原则和方法 384体育新闻英语文体研究 375社会语言学视野中的网络语言 418新闻英语中的语法特点研究 423颜色词在英汉互译中的不对应性 425移就的审美价值和生成基础 426以认知为基础的颜色隐喻研究 428隐喻认知功能研究的新视角 429隐喻与一词多义的关系 438英汉被动句对比研究 439英汉宾语类型差异的认知原因 440英汉动词非谓语用法之比较研究 442英汉否定问句的答句对比研究