2017上海高三英语一模汇编完形填空

2017年高三英语一模汇编——完形填空

One宝山区

III. ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions: ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA, B, CandD. Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Anxiety disorders-- defined by extreme fear,restlessness,and muscle tension --are carefully considering,disabling,and can increase the risk for _____41_____and self-murder. They are some of the most common mental health conditions around the world, _____42_____around four out of every 100 people and costing the health care system and job employers over US $42billion each year.

People with anxiety are more likely to miss days from work and are less____43_____.Young people with anxiety are also less likely to enter school and complete it--leading to fewer life____44____.Even though this evidence points to anxiety disorders as being important mental health issues, insufficient _____45_____is being given to them by researchers, clinicians, and policy makers.My team and I at the University of Cambridge wanted to find out who is most affected by anxiety disorders.

To do this, we conducted a systematic ____46____of studies that reported on the proportion of people with anxiety in a variety of contexts around the world, used accurate methods to keep the highest quality studies.

Our results showed women are almost twice as likely to _____47____anxiety as men, and people living in Europe and North America are disproportionately affected.

So why are women more____48____?

It could be because of differences in brain chemistry and hormone(荷尔蒙)variations. Reproductive events across a woman‘s life are_____49_____with hormonal changes, which have been linked to anxiety. The rise in oestrogens(雌激素) that occurs during pregnancy can ____50_____ the risk for uncontrollable disorder.

This is _____51____ by disturbing and repetitive thoughts, impulses and addictions that are upsetting and less effective. But in addition to biological mechanisms, women and men seem to experience and react to events in their life _____52___. Women when faced with stressful situations, women and men which can increase their anxiety. Also , when faced with stressful situations ,women and men tend to use different coping ____53_____.Women faced with life stressors are more likely to think about them seriously,which can increase their anxiety , ___54____men engage more in active, problem-focused coping. Other studies suggest that women are more likely to ____55____physical and mental mistreatment than men, and this behavior has been linked to the development of anxiety disorders.

41 A. symptom B. depression C. misery D. frightening

42 A. infecting B. stimulating C. capturing D. affecting

43 A. productive B.progressive C. positive D. Passive

44 A.adventures B.insurances C.chances D.programs

45 A. conclusion B.attention C. solution D.contribution

46 A.ignorance B.outlook C.discovery D.review

47 A.suffer from B. deal with C. fight against D. result from

48 A.superior B.inferior C.probable D.enormous

49 A.interacted B.associated C.disconnected D.inherited

50 A.challenge B. decline C. eliminate D. increase

51 A. characterized B. confused C.performed D.offended

52 A.equally B.similarly C.differently D.terribly

53 A.shortcuts B.strategies C. standards D. samples

54 A.because B. unless C. if D.while

55 A.experience B.respond C.ignore D.persist

Two崇明区

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Directions Matter

J Jer lag(时差感）may be the worst part of travelling, and it hits many people harder travelling east than west. Why they feel this way is 41________, but scientists recently developed a new model that provides an explanation for the mystery and insights on recovering from jet lag.

The model imitates the way neuronal oscillator cells (神经振子细胞）42________ crossing time zones. These cells in our brains 43 ________our biological docks. However，the cells don‘t quite operate on a perfect 24-hour schedule. Instead, their activity follows a 44________ that lasts slightly longer than that, about 24.5 hours. According to Michelle Girvan, an associate professor of physics at the University of Maryland and a co-author of the study, that means it‘s 45________ for us to extend the length of a day—for example, by flying west across time zones—than to shorten the day, by flying east.

The scientists found that for 46________ travel, a person who crossed three time zones would fully

47________in a little less than four days. For six time zones, recovery would take about six days. For nine time zones, the recovery would take just less than eight days.

However, when a person travels eastward, the recovery time doesn‘t match up as 48________. When a person crosses three time zones going east, it takes a little more than four days to recover. For six time zones, the recovery time 49________ to more than eight days. And for nine time zones, the recovery period is more than 12 days.

Girvan noted that not everyone has a biological clock of exactly 24.5 hours. 50________ , it varies from person to person. The other factor to consider is 51________ cues such as sunlight, Girvan added. How a person reacts to these cues can also 52________how quickly he or she will adjust to a new time zone.

The scientists hope that their new model can be used in the future to figure out the best ways to

53________ jet lag. For example, if you will be traveling six time zones eastward, start by setting your clock ahead an hour or two several days before you leave. And when you arrive in a new time zone, make sure that the outside cues you are exposed to 54 ________the new time zone. That means that if it‘s daytime in the new time zone, expose yourself to sunlight. And if it‘s nighttime, avoid artificial

55________, including those from smartphones and computers, to help your biological clock adjust.

41. A. incredible B. apparent C. surprising D. unclear

42 A. cope with B. account for C. respond to D. result in

43. A. kick B. watch C. stop D. regulate

44. A. cycle B. routine C. process D. pattern

45. A. safer B. easier C. more dangerous D. more difficult

46. A. eastward B. southward C. westward D. northward

47. A. adjust B. understand C. prepare D.change

48. A. relatively B. nicely C . classically D. awkwardly

49. A. reduces B. jumps C. contributes D. leads

50. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. However D. Rather

51. A. external B. verbal C. social D. chemical

52. A. promote B. emphasize C. impact D. orient

53. A. form B. endure C. shelter D. beat

54. A. specify B. match C. shift D. destroy

55. A. lights B. barriers C. flavours D. sounds

Three 杨浦区

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Security guard, truck driver, salesperson---year after year, these jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers. Although many factors can make a job 41 --unusual hours, low pay, no chance for advancement---these three jobs 42 for another reason: a lack of small talk.

Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to our well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under 43 . In one study, researchers overheard undergraduates for four days and then 44 each conversations either ―small talk‖ (―What do you have there? Pop corn? Yummy!‖) or ―serious‖ (―Did they break up soon after?‖). They found that the sec ond type is connected with happiness---the happiest students had roughly twice as many ―serious‖ talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, 45 only ten percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the unhappiest students.

However, don‘t just consider small talk46 yet. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Chatting with strangers could 47 our morning. In a series of experiments , psychologists found that those who chatted with other train passengers reported a more pleasant journey than those who didn‘t.

Small talk can also help us feel connecter to our 48 . People who smiled at, made eye contact with and 49 spoke with their Starbucks baristas (咖啡师) reported a greater sense of 50 than those who rushed through the transaction (交易). 51 , when volunteers broke the silence of the art gallery to chat with gallery-goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not 52 .

Of course, some of us are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. In one study, people who were rated ―less curious‖ by researchers had trouble getting a conversation53 on their own. People who were considered ―curious‖, me anwhile, needed no help 54 conversations about ordinary things like favorite holidays into friendly exchanges. A ―curious mindset,‖ the researchers concluded, can lead to ―positive social55 .‖

Therefore, go ahead---small talk needn‘t be idle, and nosiness isn‘t all bad.

41. A. rewarding B. depressing C. exhausting D. challenging

42. A. stand out B. turn up C. give off D. put forward

43. A. negotiation B. construction C. investigation D. examination

44. A. divided B. entitled C. imposed D. cataloged

45. A. figured out B. made up C. look over D. added to

46. A. worthless B. essential C. boring D. ridiculous

47. A. occupy B. satisfy C. brighten D. spoil

48. A. emotions B. heart C. customers D. surroundings

49. A. purposefully B. briefly C. continuously D. generally

50. A. responsibility B. security C. belonging D. achievement

51. A. Consequently B. Oppositely C. Unexpectedly D. Similarly

52. A. approached B. attached C. addressed D. attended

53. A. breaking B. pausing C. rolling D. stopping

54. A. evolving B. substituting C. adapting D. transforming

55. A. interaction B. standard C. impact D. involvement

Four虹口区

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

A Cashless Society

There is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it‘s good to know that new __41__ is making cash -- banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.

Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions (交易) so there‘s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it‘s __43__ to make contactless payments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.

__45__ money this way or spending on ―plastic‖ -- an informal name for a credit card -- can put you at risk of fraud (诈骗). Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police‘s detective work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is ￡30. And, if someone does go on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ of chip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier‘s in shops and has led to a(n) __49__ in fraud.

But if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there‘s now a __50__ using wearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier, economist and technology expert, says ―this is __51__ for people who don‘t want to take thei r card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods.‖

And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay (指纹支付) system which ―reads the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger.‖ The trick is remembering which finger you __54__ with in the bank -- that‘s when good old-fashioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?

41. A. experiment B. evidence C. technology D. analysis

42. A. financial B. equal C. economical D. moderate

43. A. definite B. possible C. formal D. legal

44. A. work out B. makes out C. gives out D. sends out

45. A. Refunding B. Depositing C. Paying D. Withdrawing

46. A. bargains B. purchases C. preparations D. troubles

47. A. Similarly B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However

48. A. introduction B. contact C. cooperation D. extension

49. A. rise B. drop C. changeD. increase

50. A. question B. reason C. concept D. solution

51. A. reserved B. provided C. intended D. chosen

52. A. particularly B. specially C. simply D. purposefully

53. A. inexact B. unnecessary C. impractical D. inconvenient

54. A. cancelled B. registered C. tested D. restricted

55. A. attempt B. demand C. prefer D. aim

Five黄浦区

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Animal Rights

Every conscious being has interests that should be respected. No being who is conscious of being alive should be devalued to thinghood, dominated, and used as a resource or ___41___. The key point of the idea known as animal rights is a movement to extend moral consideration to all ___42___ beings. Nobody should have to demonstrate a specific level of intelligence or be judged beautiful to be given moral consideration. No being sh ould have to be useful to humanity or capable of accepting ―duties‖ in order to be extended moral consideration. ___43___, what other animals need from us is being free from duties to us.

Animal rights is about letting animals live on their own terms. It can be written into our laws, but is not an actual list or bill of rights as we have for human society. It begins with our promises not to act like ___44___ of others. Animal rights is about justice ─ treating animals fairly.

Why is animal rights ___45 ___? It is because we humans often act as though we are the only beings on the planet. Although we depend on other animals for our very survival, humans are the only animals that have upset the balance of nature. There are lots of ways that humans ___46___ animals. We domesticate them and use them for food, even though our nutritional needs can be completely supplied by a(n) ___47___ diet. Although other materials are available, we use animal‘s skin and other body parts for

clothing, furs, hats, boots, jewellery and even pet toys. Humans can talk about it but animals cannot. All animals wish to experience life in its fullness. Unlike many animals who have to kill to survive, humans do not. Why should humans cause ___48___ to other beings when it‘s not necessary?

As we do, animals protect their children; they feel fear; they warn each other of dangers; they play. We might differ from other animals in some ways, but that doesn‘t give us the right to ___49___ them down, take their lands, pollute their waters, or use them for our conveniences. Animals also experience pain and it‘s not difficult to observe ___50___ of pain in the way a conscious being reacts to it. We take advantage, cause distress, and act ___51___ when we use animals for amusement. Lots of pets are ___52___ on the streets when their owners no longer find it convenient or affordable to keep or care for them.

Whether we admit it or not, it‘s a prejudice to think we are ___53___ to animals and that it is our right to control them, which can only make people act mean, hateful or neglectful. However, each of us has within us the power to ___54___. We can adopt a different attitude, one that reshape our destiny. This will have wonderful effects on the planet‘s other communities, for life is ___55___ avoiding suffering. It is interacting, singing, pursuing joy. We humans can learn to live responsibly, with respect, kindness and love.

41.A. companies B. goods C. insects D. providers

42.A. active B. conscious C. intelligent D. strange

43.A. Indeed B. Moreover C. Nevertheless D. Otherwise

44.A. followers B. friends C. masters D. tutors

45.A. necessary B. neglected C. respected D. revolutionary

46.A. distinguish B. eliminate C. exploit D. raise

47.A. animal-free B. eco-friendly C. low-salt D. well-balanced

48. A. conflict B. confusion C. isolation D. misery

49.A. calm B. chase C. pull D. tear

50.A. signs B. symbols C. symptoms D. performances

51.A. differently B. enthusiastically C. gently D. unfairly

52.A. abandoned B. chosen C. oppressed D. spoiled

53. A. accessible B. appealing C. reasonable D. superior

54.A. change B. dominate C. persist D. proceed

55.A. contrary to B. more than C. owing to D. rather than

Six嘉定长宁区

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

About five years ago, when the first generation of wearable fitness trackers became popular, they were announced as the dawn of a revolution. Health experts and busniesspeople alike said that giving people access to real-time calorie (卡路里)- burning and step-count data would inspire them to lose weight, eat better and -most important- ____41____ more. But even as the U.S. market for ___42____ devices hits $7 billion this year, there‘s evidence that their promise isn‘t quite paying off.

The U.S. has an exercise problem, with 28% of Americans ages 50 and over considered wholly

___43____. That means 31 million adults move no more than is necessary to perform the most basic functions of daily life. Wearables, experts ___44___, were going to change that.

But limited academic res earch has been done to figure out whether wearables ____45____ people‘s behavior in the long term. The little research that does exist isn‘t ____46____. For a recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers wanted to see whether activity trackers would help overweight people lose more weight over two years than if they just did a weight-loss intervention(干预) alone. They didn‘t. ―We found that just giving people a device doesn‘t mean it‘s going to ____47____ something you think it‘s going to lead to,‖ says John Jakicic, the author of the study, from the University of Pittsburgh. ―These activity trackers don‘t engage people in strategies that make a ___48___ in terms of long-term change‖

Another new study highlighted a different challenge: user ____49___. By the end of a yearlong study of 800 people, just 10% of participants were still wearing the trackers, according to, Eric Finkelstein, a professor at the Duke- NUS Medical School in Singapore. ―We didn‘t find that Fitbi ts really have much of an effect,‖ he says. This may well be because people expect trackers to do something they‘re not designed to do-- ____50____, force them to change their behavior. ―There‘s ____51____ among people about their function, a measurement t ool and an intervention,‖ Finkelstein says. A scale counts pounds, ____52____, but won‘t teach you how to eat less. ―When people put these devices on, they might interact with the app(应用程序) for the first few weeks, maybe the first few months, but there comes a point where that starts to fall off,‖ says Finkelstein.

To be ____53___, some of the costlier add higher-tech wearables have features baked into them that encourage users to move more, says Shelten Yuen, Fitbit‘s vice president of research. Among them: shaking sensors, movement reminders and social- media combination, all designed to ____54____ users to make better health choices every day. But more research will be needed to determine whether or not these ____55____ -- or others like them--measur ably improve people‘s health and fitness levels.

41. A. learn B. purchase C. exercise D. perform

42. A. wearable B. electronic C. hi-tech D. built-in

43. A. misunderstood B. inactive C. discourage D. unchangeable

44. A. announced B. determined C. hoped D. noticed

45. A. limit B. understand C. interpret D. change

46. A. encouraging B. interesting C. pioneering D. challenging

47. A. benefit from B. result in C. add to D. look for

48. A. design B. movement C. profit D. difference

49. A. reduction B. participation C. creation D. expectation

50. A. namely B. therefore C. however D. shortly

51. A. argument B. popularity C. confusion D. interaction

52. A. by the way B. in other words C. of course D. for example

53. A. fair B. cute C. accessible D. technical

54. A. persuade B. motivate C. follow D. teach

55. A. concepts B. sensors C. scales D. features

Seven金山区

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

A new idea called ?business at the speed of thought‘ is quite popular in busin ess world. It makes quick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41 way to run a company. Here‘re the main 42 : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances must be seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.

The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of 44 understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gather information within a short time, but does it really 45 up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46 for speed with sharp an d correct thinking? That‘s the 47 on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It‘s also a 48 of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either 49 or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50 too easily. Aims never seem to be clear. 51 , good records aren‘t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests 52 the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.

Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that．But decisions are only as good as the 53 go into them. By that measure, m any of today‘s decisions are weak and could 54 some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of 55 , but it‘s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.

41. A. numerous B. clear C. dangerous D. bright

42. A. points B. matters C. solutionD. barriers

43. A. response B. rejection C. acceptance D. methods

44. A. rapidlyB. properly C. timely D. widely

45. A. arouse B. cultivate C. decline D. speed

46. A. technique B. thirst C. passion D. need

47. A. idea B. thought C. doubt D. puzzle

48. A. subject B. aim C. project D. discovery

49. A. decreased B. changed C. increased D. lengthened

50. A. made B. accepted C. dismissed D. discussed

51. A. Otherwise B. On the contrary C. For example D. Therefore

52. A. setting aside B. breaking out C. turning out D. taking apart

53. A. questions B. thoughts C. eyes D. brains

54. A. cut up B. cut off C. turn down D. turn off

55. A. expanding B. running C. thought D. exploration

Eight静安区

III.Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or Phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and theextended family. To a large extent, these patterns 41.________ a society's primary subsistence (存在)strategy.

American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill fourcrucial social42.________ : (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization ofchildren to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support formembers. Although we can define the family 43.________ its functions, the emphasis given to each ofthem varies widely both geographically and 44.________. For example, in nineteenth-centuryAmerica, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among familymembers has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become aneconomic unit for consumption rather than for 45.________.

In recent years, social scientists have discovered important 46.________in family types, such asthe single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin(亲戚).Americanfamilies also47.________ according to social class. A couple's social class affects the number ofchildren they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of 48.________to the family becauseofillness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likelyto undergo and the way parents raise their children. 49.________,the extent to which Americanfamilies now differ by 50.________appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.

The American family has been 51.________ in a number of ways over the past few decades.Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all.These social changes have 52.________ diverse household patterns, including single-personhouseholds and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue 53.________ and share family responsibilities.

Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriagewhile increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are54________ such broadsocial trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a risingrate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to suchpressures, but how55.________ will these future adaptations be?

41. A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace

42. A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions

43. A. with regard to B. in terms of C.in combination with D. for the purpose of

44. A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually

45. A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production

46. A. variations B. units C. arrangements D. characteristics

47. A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve

48. A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application

49. A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However

50. A. family size B. work pressure C. economic status D. social class

51. A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing

52. A. focused on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for

53. A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals

54. A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worrying about D. getting rid of

55. A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. natural

Nine闵行区

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Celebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific ____41____. Besides, fashion magazines have almost ____42____ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. ____43____, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others‘ products t o developing their own.

Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ____44____ consumers, while today they‘re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ____45____. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale ____46____, covering almost all the products of daily life.

However, for every success story, there‘s a related warning tale of a celebrity who ____47____ his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product‘s origin is, if it ____48____ to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, ____49____ returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.

Today, celebrities face even more severe ____50____. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover(逆转) has ____51____ as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity‘s shelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him ____52____ has no problem severely criticizing him and taking eve rything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego‘s(自我的) potential for ____53____ is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____54____ as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been ____55____. So the next time celebrities introduce their lines of fashion, let‘s just wait and see how long they will stay.

41. A. filmB. characterC. productD. magazine

42. A. abandonedB. promotedC. enhancedD. developed

43. A. All in allB. As a resultC. Above allD. On the contrary

44. A. wealthyB. famousC. specialD. ordinary

45. A. technologiesB. brandsC. studiosD. producers

46. A. rapidlyB. moderatelyC. reluctantlyD. carefully

47. A. ignoredB. disapprovedC. overvaluedD. estimated

48. A. intendsB. failsC. managesD. strengthens

49. A. loyaltyB. promotionC. regretD. disappointment

50. A. depressionB. failureC. punishmentD. embarrassment

51. A. slowed downB. called offC. speeded upD. faded away

52. A. fameB. fortuneC. troubleD. risk

53. A. informationB. knowledgeC. reputationD. expansion

54. A. audienceB. fashionC. charmD. performance

55. A. admirableB. productiveC. temporaryD. respectable

Ten浦东新区

III. Reading Comprehension (45%)

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.

Some things that are uncontroversial (无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.

Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain‘s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature‘s opportunists.

The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature — to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing (杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.

A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly __53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch –a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens (病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden __55__. That is universally accepted.

41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C.disappearedD. harvested

42. A. ConserveB. eliminate C. InvestigateD. prioritize

43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable

44. A. As a resultB. For example C. By contrastD. In fact

45. A. AttractionB. dominance C. AnnoyanceD. substitute

46. A. IncreasesB. destroys C. reveals D. targets

47. A. OppressedB. disturbed C. CultivatedD. preserved

48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing

49. A. fuel(l)edB. organized C. InterruptedD. greeted

50. A. CivilizationB. interference C. InteractionD. maintenance

51. A. TolerableB. impossible C. beneficial D. critical

52. A. Reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced

53. A. DamagingB. flexible C. DoubtfulD. outstanding

54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep outD. turn down

55. A. Agriculture B. vegetation C. AtmosphereD. nature

Eleven普陀区

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

A Question of Judgment

Human beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.

To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.

Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.

As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate ―is due‖. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.

41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers

42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective

43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words

44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless

45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote

46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success

47. A. found

A B. studied C. chosen D. identified

48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured

49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave

50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather

51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced

52. A. below B. after C. above D. before

53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop

54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse

55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreation

’

Twelve徐汇区

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there arc four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Two key climate change indicators —global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent —have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA analyses of ground-based observations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2016 set a record as the warmest (41)________ month globally in the modern temperature record, which (42)______1880, according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-month period from January to June was also the planet's warmest half-year on record, with a(n) (43)________ temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the late nineteenth century.

Five of the first six months of 2016 also (44)_______ the smallest respective monthly Arctic sea ice (45)_______ since regular satellite records began in 1979, according to analyses developed by scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one (46)_____, March, recorded the

second smallest for that month.

(47)_____ these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientists said it is more significant that global temperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing their decades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising (48)_______ of heat-trapping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically (49)______ 40 percent less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic sea ice extent in September, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been (50)_______ at a rate of 13.4 percent per decade.

"While the El Ni?o event in the tropical Pacific this winter (51)_______ the gaining global temperatures from October, it is the basic trend which is producing these record numbers," GISS Director Gavin Schmidt said.

(52)______ El Ni?o events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels, such as in 1998. But in 2016, even as the effects of the recent El Ni?o wear off, global temperatures have risen well beyond those of 18 years ago (53)_______ the overall warming that has taken place in that time.

The global trend in rising temperatures falls behind the regional (54)_____ in the Arctic, said Walt Meier, a sea ice scientist at NASA Goddard.

"It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperatures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme," Meier said. "This warmth as well as unusual weather (55)______ have led to the record low sea ice extents so far this year."

41. A. resistant B. respective C. resolved D. remote

42. A. makes sense of B. keeps up with C. dates back to D. goes ahead of

43. A. average B. ordinary C. common D. temporary

44. A. confirmed B. witnessed C. involved D. conducted

45. A. standard B. content C. amount D. extent

46. A. datum B. example C. month D. exception

47. A. While B. When C. After D. As

48. A. combinations B. reductions C. concentrations D. applications

49. A. includes B. covers C. approaches D. indicates

50. A. increasing B. changing C. declining D. moving

51. A. ended up with B. gave rise to C. broke away from D. resulted from

52. A. Frequent B. Natural C. Disastrous D. Previous

53. A. in return for B. in case of C. in spite of D. because of

54. A. warming B. falling C. gathering D. changing

55. A. forecasts B. varieties C. patterns D. illustrations

Thirteen松江区

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

How to help your kids find a purpose? You don‘t have to start with the really big questions. Quick, what s the meaning of life?‖ Many of us may not be able to answer that, but that doesn‘t __41__ our kids don‘t have questions or need answers.

―The sense th at your personal life is __42__ to you is a basis of psychological well-being,‖ says

Michael F. Steger，director of the laboratory for Meaning and Quality of Life at Colorado State University. Not only that，it is tightly tied to being happier, more positive, more __43__, more caring, more helpful, more resilient (坚初), and more satisfied in your life, relationships, and work.

But helping your kids find meaning doesn‘t mean parents have to __44__ all life‘s ancientmysteries, Steger says. The __45__ is to understand the difference between the meaning of life andthe meaning in life.

―We do not have to start with the biggest and most troubling questions about our lives,‖ Steger says. ―We can start with trying to __46__ how, today, right now, we are going to do one thing that makes the story of our lives more positive, or makes a positive difference to someone else.‖

With kids in __47__ school, Steger says, ―At the most basic level, our best hopes for our children are that they feel their lives matter and that they __48__.‖To start conversations along those lines, says Steger, ―You can ask questions about what they think their best __49__ or strengths are, whether they have good relationships with other people, whether they care about others. You can ask them about times when they have made a difference, made someone feel better, felt __50__ for doing something, or helped someone out. All of these kinds of questions can start a conversation about your kid‘s __51__ way of being in and contributing to the world.‖

In mid dle school, says Steger, ―Kids are being exposed to ideas, behaviors, assumptions, and priorities that might be __52__ different from the ones they have always assumed were true.‖ So for kids this age, parents can start conversations focusing on how your c hildren‘s sense of who they are, how they related to others and what life is has been __53__.

By high school, according to Steger, ―We hope our children see how much their lives matter, see that they are at the beginning of an exciting and strengthening life story, and have some slight ideas about __54__.‖ But the question of what you want to do with your life is too big for a single conversation, says Steger. Instead, he encourages parents to have __55__, smaller conversations with their kids about how they view themselves and their lives, and what kind of impact they would like to make.

41. A. intend B. mean C. remain D. hope

42. A. significant B. decisive C. meaningful D. useful

43.A. confident B. cautious C. intelligent D. special

44. A. discover B. present C. memorize D. solve

45. A. trick B. occupation C. address D. promise

46. A. look for B. pick up C. deal with D. figure out

47. A. junior B.advanced C. elementary D. senior

48. A. make a difference B. spare no effort C. take the initiative D. make a living

49. A. specialties B. qualities C. features D. performances

50. A. appreciated B. prepared C. understood D. well-known

51. A. apparent B. smart C. unique D. appropriate

52. A. generally B. eventually C. impossibly D. completely

53. A. improving B. strengthening C. appearing D. changing

54. A. truth B. purpose C. positivity D. contribution

55. A. permanent B. long-lasting C. frequent D. occasional

上海市虹口区2019届高三英语一模

状元考前提醒 拿到试卷：熟悉试卷 刚拿到试卷一般心情比较紧张，建议拿到卷子以后看看考卷一共几页， 有多少道题，了解试卷结构，通览全卷是克服“前面难题做不出，后面易 题没时间做”的有效措施，也从根本上防止了“漏做题”。 答题策略 答题策略一共有三点： 1. 先易后难、先熟后生。先做简单的、熟悉的题，再做综合题、难题。 2. 先小后大。先做容易拿分的小题，再做耗时又 复杂的大题。3. 先局部后整体。把疑难问题划分成一系列的步骤，一步一 步的解决，每解决一步就能得到一步的分数。 立足中下题目，力争高水平 考试时，因为时间和个别题目的难度，多数学生很难做完、做对全部题目，所以在答卷中要立足中下题目。中下题目通常占全卷的80%以上，是试题的主要构成，学生能拿下这些题目，实际上就是有了胜利在握的心理，对攻克高档题会更放得开。 确保运算正确，立足一次性成功 在答卷时，要在以快为上的前提下，稳扎稳打，步步准确，尽量一次 性成功。不能为追求速度而丢掉准确度，甚至丢掉重要的得分步骤。试题 做完后要认真做好解后检查，看是否有空题，答卷是否准确，格式是否规 范。 要学会“挤”分 考试试题大多分步给分，所以理科要把主要方程式和计算结果写在显要位置，文科尽量把要点写清晰，作文尤其要注意开头和结尾。考试时，每一道题都认真思考，能做几步就做几步，对于考生来说就是能做几分是几分，这是考试中最好的策略。 检查后的涂改方式要讲究 发现错误后要划掉重新写，忌原地用涂黑的方式改，这会使阅卷老师看不清。如果对现有的题解不满意想重新写，要先写出正确的，再划去错误的。有的同学先把原来写的题解涂抹了，写新题解的时间又不够，本来可能得的分数被自己涂掉了。考试期间遇到这些事，莫慌乱！

2019届高三英语一模汇编--翻译

1.虹口区2018学年第一学期期末教学质量监控测试高三英语 试卷 72、他刚要关闭电脑，就在这时手机响了。(when) 73、他将代表全班同学在新年晚会上向老师们表示真诚的感谢。(on behalf of) 74、我们付出的每一次努力未必都能成功，但是但凡值得我们做的事情都值得做好。(worth) 75、不只是一个人的日常言谈举止，就连他目前正在读的那本书都清楚地向我们表明 了他是一个怎样的人。(as well as) 2.宝山区2018学年第一学期期末高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷 72.交友时勿以貌取人。(base) 73.经历了一场大病后，他明白了生命无价。(suffer) 74.2018上海进口博览会展示了创新理念，促进了自由贸易。(meanwhile) 75.不管到哪里旅游，都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。这样才能成为一名文明游客。(no matter) 3.2018学年第一学期奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72.一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆。（remind） 73.每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人。（mind） 74.他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着。（So） 75.不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已。（before）

4.青浦区2018学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷 72. 人们普遍认为对颜色的偏爱能反映一个人的性格。（It） 73. 安全起见，你最好出发前查一下地图，避开拥堵的路线。（sake） 74. 我没想到的是，现在养老院是一床难求。（that） 75. 这个乡间度假村至今还没有配备无线网络，这给游客带来诸多不便。（equip）5.宝山区2018学年第一学期期末 76.交友时勿以貌取人。(base) 77.经历了一场大病后，他明白了生命无价。(suffer) 78.2018上海进口博览会展示了创新理念，促进了自由贸易。(meanwhile) 79.不管到哪里旅游，都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。这样才能成为一名文明游客。(no matter)

2018松江区高三英语一模卷答案

听力材料和参考答案 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.W: Oh, No, it’s still out of order! M: I’m afraid we will have to walk up all those stairs again today. Q: What are these two people talking about? 2. W: Mr. Smith, this is your schedule for tomorrow. You’ll be leaving Shanghai at five. M: All right. Have you reserved a room for our customer yet? Q: What is the possible relationship between the two speakers? 3. M: What’s your hobby? Stamp collecting, reading or something else? W: No, nothing special. I often take pictures during holidays, but I’m afraid I’m a bad photographer. Q: What is the woman’s hobby? 4. M: I’m not quite sure how to put this. But about that calculator you let me use, I dropped it. And now the “ON” button doesn’t light up. W: Oh! That’s OK. It hasn’t been working right for some time. Q: What is the man’s problem? 5. W: It’s a pity that the football match had already begun when I got home. M: When did you get home? W: It was a quarter to eight, and it had started an hour earlier. Q: When did the football match start? 6. W: Let’s see if you can find books by the authors your grandpa liked as a teenager. M: Haha. But first of all, I want to google the books to see if I like the story lines. Q: What is the man going to do? 7 W: Let’s take out the extra desks. There are only eight judges for our contest. M: I think we’d better leave some for the students who are taking part in the contest. Q: What are the speakers doing? 8. M: Wow, I really envy you, Shelly. W: Well, it’s for business. In fact, I’m sick and tired of restaurant food. Sometimes I just want a home-made meal. Q: What can we learn about Shelly? 9. W: Did you attend Amy’s presentation last night? It was the first time for her to give a speech to a large audience. M: How she could be so calm in front of so many people is really beyond me! Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 10. W: Hi, Harry. You’ve travelled a lot recently. When did you come back to China? M: I just came back from France this morning. I stayed there for half a month. But before that 1

2018届上海各区高三英语一模——summary汇编

【2018宝山区—一模】 IV. Summary Writing Secure payment without leaving a trace Computer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the “Signaling Code and Security” working group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties. The expert has now presented the basics of an “electronic purse” that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The “black-box addition plus” (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account. “Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers during offline operation as well,” Andy Rupp says. “This is needed for ensuring the payment system’s suitability for daily use. Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge. There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow.” Also its high efficiency makes the code system suited for everyday use: During first test runs, researchers completed payments within about one second. ①when customers use payment systems, most of them don’t realize the fact that by doing so, they risk( take the risk of ) losing privacy. ②Researchers have now developed a secure system called BBA+, which works anonymously and avoids misuses as well. ③moreover ( apart from / besides the security of privacy), it also proves to be efficient for daily use.(47 words) 【2018—崇明区一模】 IV. Summary Writing From Burn Survivor to Global Inspiration Last October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself. Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong. Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator（现场解说员）announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, people around the world applauded her determination. Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of

(完整版)2020上海松江高三英语一模试卷

松江区2019学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷 高三英语 （满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2019.12 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions you will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Leave the errors in the paper. B. Let the woman use the typewriter. C. Read the newspaper again. D. Check the paper for mistakes. 2. A. It takes time for her to learn new things. B.She should have been informed earlier. C.She won't attend the meeting. D.She has made preparations for the meeting. 3.A, American students are not talkative in class. B.Being talkative in class means active participation. C.She thinks highly of her experience in the American school. D.One can participate in class activities in different ways. 4. A. Crying. B. Talking loudly. C. Watching TV. D. Having a walk. 5. A. It is the only property she has. B.Her father asked her not to sell it. C.She inherited it from her father.

2019届上海高三英语一模汇编：翻译

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