武汉近年调考电学题

图3

1、在图3所示的电路中，当开关闭合后，滑动变阻器滑片P 向右移动时，对电表读数的变化，分析正确的是

A ．电流表A 、电压表V 1示数都减小，电压表V 2示数增大

B ．电流表A 、电压表V 1示数都变大，电压表V 2示数变小

C ．电流表A 的示数减小，两电压表示数不变

D ．三个电表的示数都不变

2、如图所示是童童设计的压力传感器的原理图，其中弹簧上端和滑动变阻器的滑片P 固定在一起，AB 间有可收缩的导线，R 1为定值电阻．当闭合开关S ，压力F 增大时，电流表与电压表示数变化情况是 ( )

A ．电流表示数变大，电压表示数变小

B ．电流表示数变小，电压表示数变大

C ．电流表、电压表示数都变大

D ．电流表、电压表示数都变小

3．已知导体的电阻跟导体的长度成正比，跟导体的横截面积成反比。在如图甲所示的电路中，ab 为粗细均匀长为L 的电阻丝，滑片P 与ab 接触良好并可自由滑动，R 0为定值电阻。若以电压表示数U 为纵坐标，P 离a 点的距离x 为横坐标，当闭合开关S 后，U 随x 变化的图线应为图乙中的(电源电压不变

)

4．右图是新型节能应急台灯电路示意图，台灯充好电后，使用时可通过调节滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值R 改变灯泡的亮度，假定电源电压、灯泡电阻不变，则灯泡两端电压U 随R 变化的图象是

c

5.如图甲所示的电路中，电源电压保持4．5V 不变，电压表量程为“0~3V ”，电流表量程为“0~0．6A ”，灯泡上标有“6V ，3W ”字样。闭合开关，将滑片P 滑到某—位置时，电压表和电流表的示数如图乙所示。则下列说法错误的是

( )

A．灯泡正常发光时的电阻为12Ω；

B．此时灯泡的电阻为8．75Ω；

C.此时灯泡的电阻为 10Ω；

D．灯丝的电阻随温度的升高而增大

6．小明同学为了探究电流跟电阻的关系，在如图所示的情况下，将A、B两点间10Ω的电阻更换为20Ω的电阻，闭合开关后，下一步的操作应当是

A. 记录电流表和电压表的示数 B．将滑动变阻器滑片向右移动

C．将滑动变阻器滑片向左移动 D．适当增加电池的节数

7、1．(6分)小明利用如图甲所示的电路探究电流跟电阻的关系。已知电源电压为6V且保持

不变，实验用到的电阻阻值分别为5Ω、10Ω、15Ω、20Ω、25Ω。

⑴请根据图甲将图乙所示的实物电路连接完整(导线不允许交叉)。

⑵实验中多次改变R的阻值，调节滑动变阻器的滑片，使电压表示数保持不变，记下电流

表的示数，得到如图丙所示的电流I随电阻R变化的图像。

①由图像可以得出结论：电压一定时，。

②上述实验中，小明用5Ω的电阻做完实验后，接下来的操作是，然后将10Ω的电阻接入

电路，闭合开关，移动滑片，使电压表示数为V时，读出电流表的示数。

⑶为完成整个实验，应该选取最大阻值不小于Ω的滑动变阻器。

8.（2012?漳州）小强利用如图甲所示的电路，实验探究“保持电压不变时，电流跟电阻的关系”．

实验器材：电源（电压恒为4.5V），电流表、电压表各一只，一个开关，三个定值电阻（5Ω、10Ω、15Ω），两只滑动变阻器（10Ω2A、20Ω1A），导线若干．

（1）请根据图甲所示的电路图，用笔画线代替导线把图乙所示的实物电路连接完整．

（2）实验中多次改变R的阻值，并得到多组实验数据，由这些数据得到如图丙所示的电流I随电阻R变化的图象，由图象可得结论：

①在上述实验中，小强先用5Ω的电阻做完实验后，接着要改用10Ω的电阻继续做实验，应如何具体操作？

②当小强改用15Ω的电阻继续实验时，发现无论怎样移动滑动变阻器的滑片，都无法使电压表的示数达到实验要求的值．小强不畏困难，经过认真思考，找出了原因，并利用现有的实验器材解决了问题，完成了

并请你想一想小强解决问题可能用到的两种方法（同种方法不能重复使用），并简要说明方法一的理由．方法一：．

理由：

方法二：．

9、在如图所示的电器中，电源电压保持不变，R1、R2均为定值电阻。当①、

②都是电流表时，闭合开关S1，断开开关S2，①表的示数与②表的示数之比为m；当①、②都是电压表时，闭合开关S1和S2，①表的示数与②表的示数之比为n。下列关于m、n的关系正确的是

A.mn=n-2m

B.mn=n-1

C.mn=n+1

D.因R1、R2未知，故m、n的关系无法确定

10、如图所示的电路，电源电压不变，当开关S1、S2都闭合，电流表的示数为0.5A，电压表的示数12V；断开电路后，将电压表、电流表的位置互换，S1断开、S2闭合，电流表的0.3A。则（）

A．R1=16ΩB．R1=40Ω

C．R2=16ΩD．R2=24Ω

11．（6分）某同学利用如图甲所示的电路探究通过电阻R的电流I跟它两端电压U的关系，已知电源电压为6V且保持不变。

（1）请根据图甲将图乙所示的实物电路连接完整(导线不允许交叉)。

（2）实验中多次调节滑动变阻器的滑片，改变电阻R两端的，记下的示数，得到如图丙所示的U—I关系图象。

（3）上述实验中刚闭合开关时，电压表的示数为，电流表的示数为。

12．2012年武汉体育中考有一个项目是坐位体前屈。学校的测量

坐位体前屈成绩的装置如右图所示，测试时需要从刻度尺上读数。

物理活动小组利用实验室器材对该仪器进行了改进，改进后可以

直接从电表的表盘上读出对应的长度值。下列四种方案中，表盘

上的长度刻度值均匀的是

9．如图6所示电路，已知电源电压为3V，R2为6Ω，当S断开时，电流表的示数为1A，如把S合上，电流表的示数为[ ]

A．0.5A

B．0.75A

C．1A

D．1.5A

10．如图7所示电路，电源电压为12V，R2为100Ω，当S合上时，电流表的示数为0.6A，如把S断开，电流表的示数为[ ]

A．0.1A

B．0.2A

C．0.4A

D．0.6A

11．一个20Ω的电阻，接在由4节干电池串联的电源上，要测这个电阻中的电流和两端的电压，电流表，电压表选的量程应为[ ]

A．0～0.6A，0～3V

B．0～0.6A，0～15V

C．0～3A，0～3V

D．0～3A，0～15V

12．为了使一只电阻为10Ω、正常工作的电压为6V的电铃接在24V的电源上能正常工作，那么电路中必须[ ]

A．串联一只30Ω的电阻

B．串联一只10Ω的电阻

C．并联一只30Ω的电阻

D．并联一只10Ω的电阻

初二物理欧姆定律练习

6，如图所示，电源电压不变，R1=8Ω，R2=12Ω，当S1闭合、S2断开，①、②都是电流表时，两表示数之比；S1、S2都闭合，①、②都是电压表，两表示数之比为。

8，如图所示，盒中有三个等值电阻接于A、B、C三个线柱之间，若A、C间接上电源，并用电压表测得U AC=6V，U AB=4V，U BC=2V。在图中画出三个电阻的连接图，

10，如图所示的电路中，A1和A2是两个完全相同的电流表，均有“0-0.6A”、“0-3A”两个量程，当开关S闭合时，两表均有正常的示数，且指针偏转的角度相同，则R1：R2

为（）

A，1：4 B，4：1

C，1：5 D，5：1

B，0.1∽0.3A，3∽1V

C，0.3∽0.1A，3∽1V

D，0.3∽0.1A，1∽3V

15，在如图所示电路中，电源电压不变，闭合开关S，电路正常工作一段时间后，发现其

中一个电压表示数变大，则（）

A，L可能变亮 B，R可能断路

C，灯L可能断路 D，电阻R可能短路

16、如图所示，开关S闭合电灯不亮，为了检查图中电路故障，现用电压表进行测量，结果是U AE=2.5V、U BC=0、U DE=2.5V，则电路故障原因是（）

A，电阻R断路B，电灯L断路

C，R、L同时断路D，变阻器R断路

17，如图所示电路中，电源电压为6V，当开关S闭合后，发现灯泡不亮，电压表

的示数正好为6V，说明（）

A，R短路B，L断路

C，L短路D，R断路

18，在如图所示的电路中，当滑动变阻器Rˊ上的滑片P滑到a端时，电流表的示数

为0.8A；当P滑到b端时，电流表的示数为0.2A，电压表示数减少8.4V，若电源电压不变，则电阻R的值为（）

A，10.5ΩB，42Ω

C，8.4ΩD，14Ω

25,如图所示电路中，电源电压为9伏特不变，当闭合S1断开S2时，电流表的示数为0.9安培；当闭合S2断开S1时，电流表的示数为0.3安培；当S1、S2都闭合时，电流表的示数为1.65安培。

求①电阻R1、R2、R3的阻值是多少？

②S1、S2都断开时，电流表的示数为多少？

26,如图所示的电路中，电源电压不变，当开关S闭合滑片P置于变阻器的b端时，电压表V1示数为12V，电流表示数为0.4A；当滑片P移至变阻器的中点时，电压表V2示数恰等于V1示数一半。求：①变阻器最大阻值；②滑片由变阻器的b端移至中点过程中，灯泡电流变化了多少？

27，如图所示的电路，电源电压U=18V，且保持不变，R1=12Ω，R2的规格“100Ω，0.5A”，电流表量程0∽0.6A，电压表量程0∽15V。求滑动变阻器R2允许的取值范围？

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2017-2018学年度武汉市九年级元月调考英语试卷(word版含答案)

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C. it's Friday. 2. A. Professor William. B. In the lecture hall. C.About animals. 3. A. It's for Frank. B. The tallest boy. C. A few friends. 4. A. On the sofa. B. With her mother. C.A small one. 5. A.Not very long B.All the classmates. C.At 2:30 p.m. 第二节(共7小题，每小题1分，满分7分) 听下面7段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来作答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 6. How many picture books has the woman got? A.Four. B. Six. C. Eight. 7.What does the man ask the woman to do? A. Go home together. B. Make a call. C. Buy a ring. 8. What can we learn about Jack? A. He is seriously ill. B. He sells cars.

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