上外全新版大学英语综合教程讲义-book2-unit7

Unit 7 Learning about English

Learning Objectives:

Students will be able to:

1.grasp the main idea that English has become a great language because of its tolerance for

outside influences;

2.understand some idiomatic English usages mentioned in the unit;

3.master the key language points and rhetorical devices in the text, such as oxymoron, metaphor,

parallelism and so on;

4.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the

unit.

Pre-reading task:

1.How do you understand the title of Text A－The Glorious Messiness of English? And try to

find out some examples from Text A.

2.Do the exercises in Text Organization.

The First Two Periods (90 m)

Part one: Listening task (15 m)

Listen to the passage and answer the following questions:

Chinese Language -- Our Mother Tongue

The Chinese language usually refers to the standard language and its dialects used by the Han nationality which makes up 93.3% of the total population. Most of the minority nationalities in China have their own languages. Both numerically (从数量上来讲) and in the extent of its distribution, Chinese is the most important language in China and also one of the five official working languages of the United Nations. It is also one of the richest and highly developed languages in the world.

Chinese is also spoken by many overseas Chinese: it is the common language of more than 10 million overseas Chinese and persons of Chinese descent in Southeast Asia alone. At present, more than one billion people, approximately 1/5 of the world’s population, speak Chinese as their mother tongue.

A written form of the language was developed as early as 6,000 years ago. From the point of view of its origin, it belongs to the Sino-Tibetan languages family(汉藏语系,包括汉语、西藏语、缅甸语等).

Questions:

1. What does the Chinese language usually refer to? (It refers to the standard language and its dialects.)

2. What is the percentage of the Han nationality in the total population? (9

3.3 %)

3. Why do we say the Chinese language is very important in the world? (Because it is one of the five working languages in the United Nations.)

4. How many overseas Chinese and persons of Chinese decent in Southeast Asia speak the Chinese language? (More than 10 million.)

5. According to this passage, what was the world’s population when the passage was written? (About 5 billion.)

6. How long has the Chinese language been spoken? (More than 6,000 years.)

Part two: Cultural Notes (20m)

1. History of English

The Root of English

English began as a west Germanic language which was brought to England by the Saxons around 400 A.D. Old English was the spoken and written language of England between 400 and 1100 A.D. Many words used today come from Old English, including man, woman, king, mother, etc. But Old English was very different from modern English and only a few words can be easily recognized. In the 9th and 10th centuries, when Vikings invaded England, Old Norse words, e.g. sky, take and get and many place names, entered the language. From the Norman Conquest(1066) until the late 12th century English was replaced as the official language by Norman French, though English was still used by the lower classes. English from about 1300 to 1500 is known as Middle English. It was influenced by French and also Latin in vocabulary and pronunciation. French brought many words connected with government, e.g. sovereign, royal, court, legal and government itself. Latin was the language of religion and learning and gave to English words such as minister, angel, master, school and grammar. Literature began again to be written in English during this period. One of the most famous Middle English works is Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.

The Development of Modern English

Modern English developed from the Middle English dialect of the East Midlands and was influenced by the English used in London, where a printing press was set up by William Caxton in 1476. English changed a great deal from this time until the end of the 18th century. During the Renaissance, many words were introduced from Greek and Latin to express new ideas, especially in science, medicine and philosophy. They included physics, species, architecture, encyclopedia and hypothesis. In the 16th century several versions of the Bible helped bring written English to ordinary people. The Elizabethan period is also famous for its drama, and Shakespeare’s plays were seen by many people.The development of printing helped establish standards of spelling and grammar, but there remained a lot of variation. Samuel Johnson’s A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) was the first authoritative treatment of English. It defined about 40,000 words and gave examples of their use.

By the 18th century American English was established and developing independently from British English. After colonists arrived in the US new words began to be added from Native American languages, and from French and Spanish. In 1783, soon after Johnson’s dictionary was published, Noah Webster’s The Elementary Spelling Book was published in the US. At first it used Johnson’s spellings, but later editions contained many of what have come to be known as American spellings, e.g. harbor and favorite.

20th Century English

During the 19th and early 20th centuries many dictionaries and books about language were published. New words are still being added to English from other languages, including Chinese (feng shui) and Japanese (karaoke). Existing words gain new senses, and new expressions spread quickly through television and the Internet.

English is now an international language and is used as a means of communication between people from many countries. As a result the influences on the English language are wider than ever and it is possible that World English will move away from using a British or American standard and establish its own international identity.

2. Winston Churchill

As a politician, Winston Churchill is remembered as one of Britain’s greatest statesmen. He was the son of the Conservative politician Lord Randolph Churchill and his American wife Jennie. As a young man he served as a soldier in India and Egypt, and as a journalist in South Africa, before entering politics. Churchill became Prime Minister and Minister of Defence in 1940. His radio speeches during World War II gave the British people a strong determination to win the war,

especially at times of great crisis. Examples of Churchill’s phrases still often quoted today are “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat”, and “This was their finest hour”. The Conservative Party led by Churchill lost the election of 1945, but he became Prime Minister again from 1951 to 1955 when he retired, aged 80. When he died in Jan 1965 he was given a state funeral.

3. Julius Caesar (100~44 BC)

Julius Caesar was the best-known of all the ancient Roman leaders, and the first one to land in Britain with an army. He did this twice, in 55 and 54 BC, although Britain did not become part of the Roman Empire until nearly a hundred years later.

4. Viking

Viking was a member of a people from Scandinavia who attacked parts of northern and western Europe, including Britain and Ireland, in the 8th to 11th centuries. In Britain they were also known as Norsemen. They settled on the Scottish islands and in areas of eastern England, and the Danish King Canute ruled England from 1016. The Vikings were feared as violent and cruel, but they were also noted for their skill in building ships and as sailors. They had an important influence on English culture and the English language.

5. Norman

Norman refers to any of the people from Normandy in northern France who settled in England after their leader William defeated the English king at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The Normans took control of the country, a process known as the Norman Conquest. They used many of the existing Anglo-Saxon methods of government of the state and the church, but added important aspects of their own and made government much more effective. The language of government became first Latin, and then Norman French, and this caused many new words to be added to the existing English language.

6. William Caxton ( c.1422~c.1491)

William Caxton was the man who set up the first printing firm in Britain. He printed his first book in 1474. By printing books in English, Caxton had a strong influence on the spelling and development of the language. Many of the books he published were French stories which he translated himself

7. Otto Jespersen (1860~1943)

Otto Jespersen was a Danish philologist, grammarian, and educationist. He promoted the use of the “direct method”in language teaching with the publication of his theoretical work How to Teach a Foreign Language(1904). Other books include his seven-volume Modern English Grammar (1909~1949).

Part three: Review task(10m):

1. How do you understand the title of Text A－The Glorious Messiness of English?

The title offers a good example of oxymoron. An oxymoron puts two contradictory terms together to puzzle the reader,luring him/her to pause and explore why. ―Glorious‖is a commendatory term, while ―messiness‖is derogatory. Why do they stand next to each other? Then, as the reader reads on, he/she will find out that the title is actually a thesis statement: Y es, English is messy, but the messiness reflects some commendable qualities of English, such as tolerance, the love of freedom, and the respect for others’right. At this point the reader cannot but admire the author’s ingenuity.

Part four: The Structure of Text A (44m)

Main idea: Massive stealing of English (para1)

●Beginning:

Indicated by a contrast with French (para2)

French

Massive stealing don’t like borrowing

over one million words about 75000 words

walkman balladeur

origin of walkman (para3)

How did the language of a small island off the coast of Europe become the language of the planet—more widely spoken and written than any other has ever been?(para4)

●Body:

●The introduction of the Indo-European language—the parent language of English (paras4-9)

old English or Anglo-Saxon English

features (para4): short and direct: identity (I, me, you)

possession (mine, yours)

the body(eye, nose, mouth)

size (tall, short)

necessities (food, water)

function (para5):arouse emotions: Winston Churchill made a speech with old English and a word—surrender from Norman French. It shows that a writer can mix, for effect,

different words from different backgrounds (para6)

theory about origin of English(paras7-9): 55B.C. Celts spoke languages that survive today mainly as Welsh but their origins are a mystery but there is a theory. An English

judge in India noticed several Sanskrit words resembled some words in Greek

and Latin. Study revealed that these modern languages descended from a

common parent language---Indo-European parent language. These people had

common words for snow, bee, and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars

assume they lived somewhere in north-central European, where it was cold.

Traveling east some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others

drifted west and became known as Celts.

●new words came with the Germanic tribes—the Angles , the Saxons, etc. they settled in

Britain in the 5th century and passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including

sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work and laughter. (Para10-11)

●the next big influence on English was Christianity (para12): 400-500 words from Greek and

Latin including angel, disciple and martyr.

●Vikings came into this relatively peaceful land from Scandinavia (para13):Old Norse and

English both survived such as, raise and rear, want and wish, skill and craft, skin

and hide, and they also brought to English many words that begin with sk, like

sky and skirt.

●Another flood of new vocabulary occurred in 1066, when the Normans conquered England

(para14):T hree languages: French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and

English for the common people. With three languages competing, there are

sometimes different terms for the same thing, such as kingly, royal and sovereign.

English gradually swallowed French and by 15th century English developed into a

modified, greatly enriched language—Middle English with about 10000 borrowed

French words.

●Borrowed words from Latin and Greek (para15):Around 1476 William Caxton set up a

printing press in England and started a communications revolution. Thousands of

Latin words like capsule and habitual, and Greek words like catastrophe and

thermometer came into English. Today we still borrow from Latin and Greek to

name new inventions like Video, television and cyberspace.

●American English (para16): as settlers landed in North America and established the United

States, English found itself with two sources—American and British.

●Conclusion:

That tolerance for change represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom. (para17)

The same cultural soil produces the English language also nourishes the great

principles of freedom and rights of man in the modern world. (para18)

English language is not the special preserve of grammarians, language police,

teachers, writers or the intellectual elite. English is the tongue of the common man.

(para19)

Part five: homework (1m)

Memorize the following important words and we will have a dictation next time.

massive, corrupt, ban, strictly speaking, fascinating, tolerance, to an extent, necessity, arouse, surrender, virtually, invade, inhabit, mystery, resemble, systematic, descend, establish, pa ss on sth. to sb. conquer, royal, sovereign, alternative, modify, enrich, catastrophe, independent, out of control, academy, fortunately, put into practice, strike out, nourish, preserve, elite

The Second Two Periods (90m)

Part one: review task (10m) Have a dictation of the words we have learned.

Part two: writing skills (25m)

1. Rhetorical devices: ask students to find out how many rhetorical devices are used in the text

and underline them and explain them.

Oxymoron: the glorious messiness of English.

Metaphor: core of English (para4), a common parent language(para8), another flood of new vocabulary (para14), the preserve of grammarians (para19), the cultural soil, the first

shoots sprang up, … grew stronger, build fences around their language (para18). Parallelism: we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.(para5) Metonymy: the country now had three languages: French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common people.(para14)

2. Transitional devices for the coherence of text: ask students to read part 2 from para4 to

para16 to find out the transitional devices at paragraphs heads.

How did the language of a small island --- became the language of the planet? (para4)

New words came with the Germanic tribes--- (para10)

The next big influence on English was--- (para12)

Then into this relatively peaceful land came the Vikings--- (para13)

Another flood of new vocabulary occurred in 1066--- (para14)

Around 1476 William Caxton set up a printing press in England--- (para15)

As settlers landed in North America--- (para16)

3. Quotation from famous people

Quotation from Churchill: we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender.(para5)

Quotation from Otto Jespersen:the English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself. (para17)

4. Contrast

The story of our English language is typically one of massive stealing from other languages.

The French, however, do not like borrowing foreign words because they think it corrupts their language. (para1-2)

Part three: paraphrases of sentences (30m)

1. which French kids are supposed to say instead -- but they don't.(para2)

(French children are expected to say the word “balladeur”instead of “Walkman”but they don’t say it. )

2. Such is the glorious messiness of English. (para3)

(English can accept that two simple English words are formed into one English word by Japanese but French people can not. This is the glorious messiness of English)

3. The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about… (para4)

(The history of English is revealed in the first words a child learns about …)

4. French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common people. (para14) (the nobles in Briton speak French, the religious institutions use Latin and the common British people speak English.)

5. Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page. (para15) (the translated versions of the famous books in Greek and Roman were printed greatly)

6. Fortunately their idea has never been put into practice.(para16)

(Luckily the scholars in Briton did not set up an academy to decide English or American words were proper and English or American words were not. )

7. I like that idea. (para18)

(I like this idea that the English had been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individual and everybody had been free to strike out new paths for himself.)

8. the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and rights of man in the modern world. (para18)

(the same cultural conditions make the gloriously messy English language formed and also provide the conditions for the production of the great principles of freedom and rights of man in the modern society)

9. The first shoots sprang up in England, and they grew stronger in America. (para18)

(the great principles of freedom and rights of man in English language firstly appeared in England and then spread into America and grew stronger than in England)

Part four: Useful Expressions (20m)

Translate the below useful expressions into English (teacher tell students these Chinese expressions and let students find the English expressions from the Text A)!

1. 排行榜(a hit parade )

2. 严格地说(strictly speaking )

3. 对我们真正至关重要的事(the things that really matter to us )

4. 发表演说(make a speech )

5. 为了加强效果(for effect )

6. 系统的研究(a systematic study )

7. 起源于(descend from )

8. 提出(come up with )

9. 向西漂泊(drift west)10. 留传给我们(pass on to us ) 11. 日子过得开心(enjoy oneself)12. 抚养孩子(rear/raise a child ) 13. 平民百姓(common people)14. 印刷机(a printing press ) 15. 大量新思想(a wealth of new thinking )16. 欧洲文艺复兴(the European Renaissance ) 17. 失控(be out of control )18. 付诸实施(put into practice ) 19. 个人自由的崇尚者(a respecter of the liberties of each individual)20. 开拓新路(strike out new paths)21.培育了……的准则(nourish the principles of …)22.人权(the rights of man) 23.知识精英(an intellectual elite)

Part five: homework(5m)

According to the following 8 pictures to retell the text

Suggested answer:

English language is typically one of massive stealing from other languages, but French do not like borrowing foreign words. For example, the word walkman was accepted by English –speaking people but was not accepted by French people, so French people invented another word, balladeer. Great speakers often use Old English to arouse our emotions. For example, during World War II, Winston Churchill used a Normal French word—surrender in his speech. So writers can mix, for effect, different words from different backgrounds. In 55B.C. when Julius Caesar invaded Britain English did not exist. Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. Some traveled east and established the languages of India and Pakistan. Some people drifted west they later known as the Celts. New words came with the Germanic tribes—the Angles, the Saxons, etc. in the 5th century. The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary. The next big influence on English was Christianity. It enriched the English with some 400 to 500 words from Greek and Latin. Then the Vikings brought many words to English. In 1066 Normans conquered England and also brought about 10000 French words to English. Around 1476 after the printing press was formed, thousands

of Latin and Greek words were poured into English through printed pages. As settlers landed in North America and established the United States, American English provided another source for English. The tolerance for change also represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom.

The Third Two Periods (90 m)

1. Review Text A (15 m)

1) T dictates the following new word and expressions in Text A. Two students are required to come to the blackboard to do the dictation.

addition alternative arouse ban conquer enrich establish fascinating mystery surrender out of control put into practice strike out to a certain extent

2) List several important influences on the formation of the English language.

a. The Anglo-Saxons, the German tribes, passed on to English their farming vocabulary.

b. Christianity enrich the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary with some 400 to 500 words from Greek and Latin.

c. The Vikings from Scandinavia brought to English many words that begin with sk.

d. French also had a very important influence on English in 1066, when the Normans conquered England.

e. During Renaissance translation of Greek and Roman classics.

2. Check on students’ assignments (30 m):

1) Retell Text A according to the pictures.

2) Teacher guides students through some exercises in Text A.

This is the end of Text A, now let’s come to Text B.

Text B The Role of English in the 21st Century

1.Group discussion (15 m).

Why do college students have to study English?

Suggested answer:

Students study English for different reasons. The first reason is that students may need English to read articles and textbooks about their subject in English. The second reason is that many students study English because they have to! English is part of school curriculum. Another reason is that they are attracted by foreign culture. As a consequence, they are studying English hard to know more about the English-speaking people and countries. The last reason is possibly that a good knowledge of English will help students get a better job when they graduate from the university. 2. Understand the structure of Text B (30 m)

Part I(para. 1-4):How does English show its role?

a. by the increasing number of users of the language(para. 2);

b. by its depth of penetration into societies(para. 3);

c. by its range of functions(para. 4).

Part II (para. 5-9): Why does English play such an important role?

a. English usage in science, technology and commerce (para. 6-7);

b. the ability to integrate vocabulary from other languages (para. 8);

c. and the acceptability of various English dialects (para. 9).

Part III (para. 10-18): Why is the future of English unpredictable?

a. English will take new forms (para.11).

b.English is ridding itself of its political and cultural associations (para.12).

c. Other languages may share in importance (para13).

d. A language shift is another possibility (para14).

e. a generation of middle-class professionals will use English (para15).

f. Economics and shifts in population will have more influence (para.17). Conclusion: the author’s prediction of English

We still have about 100 years before a new language dominates the world.

The Forth Two Periods (90 m)

1. Detailed explanation of Text B.（45 m）

1) Translate Line 2-4.

这一过程在几个方面都是前所未有的：英语使用人数的增加、英语在不同社会渗透的深度，以及英语公用的广度。

2）Why the author use so many numbers in paragraph 2?

Numbers are employed in this paragraph to make the exposition more convincing.

3) What began some 1500 years ago as a crude language, originally spoken by little known German tribes who invaded England, now covers the globe.

What is the subject of the sentence?

What began some …invaded England

4) In what field has English penetrated into?

Its depth of penetration into society: science and technology, economy, management, literature and entertainment.

5) What are the three factors that continue to contribute to the spread of English?

English usage in science, technology and commerce; the ability to integrate vocabulary from other languages; and the acceptability of various English dialects.

6) With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall dominance by the language, first in Europe and then globally.

Analyze the structure of the sentence.

This sentence is an inverted sentence with ―came‖ put in front of the subject ―the beginning of overall dominance by the language‖.

What can we infer from this sentence?

English first dominated the field of science and technology.

7) What language characteristic makes English unique in history?

English has borrowed and continues to borrow words from many other languages.

8) Why does English have many dialects?

Because no English language central authority guards the standards of English.

9) What is the sameness between so many dialects of English?

Within this diversity is a unity of grammar and one set of core vocabulary.

10）Why is it hard to predict the future of English?

There has never been a language so widely spread or spoken by so many people as English.

11) Is English the property of only a few countries?

No. It is a vehicle that is used globally. It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purposes or need.

12) W on’t English remain unchallenged in the 21st century?

Y es, it will.

13) What is a language shift?

A language shift means individuals change their language loyalty.

14)Could substantial language shifts occur within the next 50 years?

Y et, they could as economic development affects more countries.

15) Why is it less likely that governments’ political power would affect the social status of a

language in the 21st century?

Because in the 21st century economics and shifts in population will have more influence on languages.

16) Translate para.17 into Chinese.

虽然英语、德语和法语这些语言曾经凭着各自政府的政治力量而成为国际语言，这种情况在经济和人口变化对语言的影响更大的21世纪不太可能发生。

17) Is English replacing or will English replace other languages as many fear?

No. It may supplement or co-exist with languages by allowing strangers to communicate across languages boundaries.

Assignment: Complete all the exercises B.

2. Dictate the following sentences (20 m).

1) Women are only asking to be given equal status with men.

2) The price will not exceed $ 100.

3) His achievements have exceeded expectations.

4) There is a growing trend towards early retirement.

5) Y ou seem to have set a new trend.

6) Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways.

7)He refused to give way to her on any of the points.

8)Everyone’s fingerprints are unique.

9)The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.

10)Nobody could predict the outcome.

2. Group Discussion and Writing Strategy (25 m)

Group Discussion

Please look at p. 233 and discuss the following topics.

1) The changes of the estimated numbers of each of the three groups of English speakers from 1950 to 2050.

It is estimated that the number of L1 speakers was a little over 200 million in 1950, a figure that will increase to around 450 million by 2050. L2 speakers will tripe during the same period, from less than 200 million to around 600 million. EFL speakers will double in number over the period, starting from about 400 million in 1950 and reaching over 900 million in 2050.

2) The individual patterns of the changes of the three groups during this period.

Although the numbers of English speakers in al three groups tend to increase, their patterns of increase are different. L1 speakers increase steadily over the entire period, but not as rapidly as L2 speakers. This rapid growth is predicted to lead to L2 speakers outnumbering L1 speakers by the year 2010. Trends for the number of EFL speakers follow a somewhat different path. While the figures remained stable during the 1950s they then began to experience an increasingly sharp rise that is expected to level off and remain stable from 2020.

Writing strategy: Information transfer

To transfer information into written (or spoken) language from a graph or chart, we need first of all decide what it is about. Then we must find out what is the general information the graph gives. After that, we may go into the details and make observations or comparisons about some specifics that are worth our attention.

Assignment: Estimates of English Speakers from 1959 to 2050

Model paper for reference (p. 308)

大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案

Unit 1 Part Ⅱ Reading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)respectable 2)agony 3)put down 4)sequence 5)hold back 6)distribute 7)off and on 8)vivid 9)associate 10)finally 11)turn in 12)tackle 2. 1)has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2)was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3)a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’time. 4)gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5)buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1)reputation; rigid; to inspire 2)and tedious; What’s more; out of date ideas 3)compose; career; avoid showing; hardly hold back Ⅱviolating Ⅲ;in upon Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze back; tedious; scanned; recall; vivid; off and on; turn out/in; career ; surprise; pulled; blowing; dressed; scene; extraordinary; image; turn; excitement ⅡTranslation As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2)His girlfriend advised him to get out of /get rid of his bad habits of smoking before it took hold. 3)Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4)It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5)It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2.Susan lost her legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Part ⅡReading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead 2. 1)in the examination was still on his mind. 2)was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. 3)was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. 4)has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time. 5)of equipping the new hospital was estimated at﹩2 million. 3. 1)were postponed; the awful; is estimated 2)reference; not available; am kind of 3)not much of a teacher; skips; go ahead Ⅱ;on Ⅲor less of/sort of 4. kind of/sort of 5. more or less 6. or something Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze up; awful; practically; neighborhood; correspondence; available; destination; reunion; Mostly; postponing; absolutely ; savings; embarrassment; phone; interrupted; touch; envelope; signed; message; needed ⅡHalf an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home. 2)Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit4

Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start 新的开端 1当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到宿舍。我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看着我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是新生。 2第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。3“欢迎你们来听生物101 课，”教授开始上课。天哪，我还以为这里是文学课呢！我的脖子后面直冒冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室——我走对了教室，却走错了教学楼。 4怎么办？上课途中就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳坐在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。 5下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往托盘里放了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。 6摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘相该有多好啊。但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，鼓掌欢呼，我知道他们不仅看见了刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉这一幕。 7接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是些从宿舍外的售货机上买来的垃圾食品。到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正意义上的食物。也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。于是我去了食堂。 8我好不容易排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的“哗啦”跌倒声。抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新盛一盘食物。就在那一刻，我意识到我把自己看得太重了。

大学英语综合教程答案

3.Many products for sale seem to scream at us, "Buy me! Buy me!" Advertising is a big busin ess in our world with many products competing for our attention. Think of the last time you boug ht clothes. You probably noticed the variety of colors, patterns, fabrics and brands you could choo se from. Which kind of soft drink would you like to have today or what kind of computer do you want? Advertisers are skilled in the art of making their products look the best to appeal to our se nses. But products aren't always what they seem. Sometimes advertising is deceptive and as cons umers ,we must be careful about what we choose to buy. It is important to learn to compare prod ucts and identify our purpose in purchasing the things we need. But the good thing about advertising is that it helps people to make decisions and refine thei r choices. In the United States, the Ad Council creates timely public service messages to the nation. Th eir purpose is to raise awareness of public problems that citizens can respond to. Inspiring ads ca use individuals to take action and even save lives. Pollution in America, for example has been red uced over the years because of the creative Public Service advertisements that the council provid es" Please, please don't be a litter bug, 'cause every 'litter bit' hurts." Many families have taught t heir children to place litter in the trash can in response to this catchy phrase, which has affected g enerations as each succeeding generation has taught their children not to litter. 4.Nature imposes difficult conditions upon the earth from time to time . The tornado and fo rest fire destroy natural resources ,homes and other structures ,and very often harm or kill peopl e . Technological tragedies happen with little or no warning as we see trains crash and airplanes f all from the sky shortly after take-off. As tragic as calamities are , they seem to bring out the best in human nature . people trained in em ergency care arrive at the scene and begin assisting the inj ured .Others come with equipment to remove debris. Men , women ,and young people willingly c ome to the scene of an accident , hoping to be of help in some way . These selfless acts of kindne ss make our world a better place . compassion eases the wounds of calamities. American Airlines flight number 587 crashed less than three minutes after taking off from JF K Airport in New York in November,2001. Witnesses s aw an engine fire develop on the plane’s nu mber one engine located under the left wing of the aircraft .seconds later ,the airliner crashed int o eight homes ,completely destroying four of them .All 260 people aboard the airplane were kille d along with six people at the crash site ,leaving many people to mourn the loss of their loved on es .the residents (people who live in the area of the crash ) rallied together to comfort those griev ing, while others removed bodies from the wreckage and did the necessary clean-up. 工程实施困难的条件下在地上的时候。龙卷风和森林火灾破坏自然资源,房屋和其他建筑物,和经常伤害或杀死人。技术的悲剧发生在很少或没有预警,因为我们看到火车事故,飞机起飞后不久就从天空坠落。一样悲惨的灾难,他们似乎显示出人性中最好的。在急诊受训的人到达现场并开始帮助受伤的人则跟设备清除残骸。男人,女人,和年轻人自愿来到事故现场,希望能有帮助。这些无私的善举让我们的世界变得更美好。同情减轻灾害的伤口。 美国航空公司587号航班坠毁不到三分钟后从纽约肯尼迪机场起飞,11月2001。目击者看到一个引擎火灾发展在飞机上的1号引擎位于下飞机的左翼,接着后,客机坠毁八家,完全摧毁了四个260名乘客的飞机遇难连同6人在事故现场,造成许多人悼念失去的亲人,居民(住在崩溃的面积)聚集在一起,安慰那些悲伤,而另一些人则从残骸,并把尸体移走必要的清理。 5.Success can be reached in different ways by people in different careers. Bill Gates began at age to program computers,His vision for personal computing has been central to the success of M icrosoft Corporation, the company he founded with his childhood friend in 1975 . The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, is a business legend. A famous quote by Mr. Welch is,” Chang before you have to. ”He believes in leading by example and encourages his empl oyees to do their best every day. Michael Jordan s aid,”I accept failure, but I can’t accept not trying.” He is one of the best athl etes to ever play team sports. His great smile, athletic achievements, and pleasant personality ha ve made him one of the most famous athletes in the world. Michael Jordan spent a lot of time pla ying basketball as a child but in senior middle school he was taken off the team . Instead of giving up , he worked through adversity and became the greatest basketball player yet .

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译

One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?

新编大学英语综合教程3第三版unit9music

1. Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in brackets. 1. (attention) Correct answer inattention 2. (qualify) Correct answer qualified Correct answer Navigation 4. Correct answer participants 5. Correct answer unconscious 6. Correct answer competence 7. Correct answer inequalities 8. morning. (request) Correct answer

requested 9. Correct answer varied 10. Correct answer partners 2. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 11. Correct answer in 12. Correct answer of 13. Correct answer to 14. accident. Correct answer at 15. Correct answer beyond 16.

Your answer Correct answer from from 17. Your answer Correct answer to to 18. Your answer Correct answer on on 19. Your answer Correct answer in in Your answer Correct answer On On 3. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the best answer from the choices given. 21. The buses, ___________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of which B. both of which C. few of them D. those of which 22. There's only one man ____________ the job. A. qualified for

大学英语综合教程答案

Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF.

B: TGIF. A: Mel, I need some advice on something. B: AMA A: Yeah, thanks. I’m thinking of getting a tattoo. B: OMG! Really Are you serious A: Well, YOLO. B: That’s true. A: Well. B: When are you going to do it A: I’m thinking tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to come B: Oh, I’d love to come, but I’ve got to work tomorrow. Oh, major FOMO. A: What a shame! B: Yeah, A: Well, FYI, there’s a party tomorrow night. And if you are not busy, you can come to that instead. B: I’m not busy, but TBH I really need to take it easy this weekend. A: What That’s so not like you. B: LOL, that’s true. A: Party is in Hackney Wick. It’s gonna be good, good music, good PPL. B: Oh, major FOMO again. Oh, what the hell Yes, why not I’ll go.

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2课文

BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式

我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit1

Unit 1 Personal Relationship In-Class Reading The Gift of Life 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而它们却落在了一所由传教士办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，双腿被炸伤了。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。医疗小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要匹配的血型。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适。而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有匹配的血型。 5 医生会讲一点越南语，护士会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。然后他们问孩子们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴还是摇了摇头。 13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。 14 医疗小组此时非常担忧，因为针不会使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。一定是哪里出了问题。恰好这时，一名越南护士前来帮忙。看到小男孩在哭，她用越南话很快地问他原因。听了小男孩的回答后，又立即作了回答。护士一边说，一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头，她的声音亲切柔和。 15 一会儿，小男孩不再哭了，他睁开眼睛，用质疑的目光看着越南护士。护士点了点头，小男孩的脸上马上露出了宽慰的神色。 16 越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说: “他以为自己快死了。他误解了你们。以为你们要他献出所有的血，小女孩才能活下来。” 17 “那他为什么还愿意这么做呢?”海军护士问。 18 越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道: “她是我的朋友。” 19 他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。

大学英语综合教程答案

Unit 1 Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness 1. Text A amaze bunch bundle capacity commerce conquer display drop roast rob style symbol vague figure Text B appreciate participate shift slip 1)My neighbours are a friendly bunch of people. 2)Dave amazed his friends by leaving a well-paid job to travel around the world. 3)The employees in this company work an eight-hour shift . 4)The professor came to the classroom with a bundle of newspapers under his arm. 5)A passenger asked the driver: “Could you drop me off near the post office? I'd like to post a letter.” 6)The little girl's capacity for learning languages astonished me. 7)How many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games? 8)I like the typically French style of living. It is so romantic. 9)They have made their fortunes from industry and commerce . 10)They threatened to shoot him and rob him of all his possessions.

全新版大学英语综合教程unit课文翻译

Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and