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2012年初三长宁二模试卷(含答案)

2012年初三理化教学质量检测试卷

（满分：150分考试时间：100分钟）

化学部分

可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 O-16

六．选择题（本题包含20小题，每小题1分，共20分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意）

27．属于物理变化的是（）

A ．纸张燃烧

B ．食物腐烂

C ．浓盐酸挥发

D ．碳酸受热分解

28．属于氧化物的是（）

A ．Ba(OH)2

B ． O 2

C ．CaO

D ．KClO 3

29．三氧化二铋（Bi 2O 3）是制作防火纸的材料之一。三氧化二铋中铋元素的化合价是 ( ）

A ．+6

B ．+3

C ．+ 2

D ．－2

30．物质的名称与化学式一致的一组是（）

A ．胆矾CuSO 4·5H 2O

B ．大理石（主要成分）Ca(OH)2

C ．硫酸钠 NaSO 4

D ．氧化铁Fe 3 O 4

31．工业上用甲和乙反应制备燃料丙。根据下列微观示意图得出的结论中，正确的是（）

A ．乙的化学式为CO 2

B ．甲．乙．丙的分子个数比为2：1：1

C ．甲．乙．丙都是氧化物

D ．该反应为化合反应

32．在C ＋2CuO ???

→高温

2Cu ＋CO 2↑反应中，还原剂是（） A ．Cu B ．CuO C ．C D ．CO 2

33．关于原子和分子的说法，正确的是（）

A ．原子在化学变化中不能再分

B ．分子之间没有间隙

C ．物质都是由分子构成

D ．分子是运动的，原子是静止不动的 34．科学家研究获得了O 4分子。有关O 4说法正确的是（）

A ．O 4是一种新型的化合物

B ．O 4和O 2互为同素异形体

C ．1个O 4分子由2个O 2分子构成

D ．1molO 4约含1.204×1024个氧原子 35．二甲醚（C 2H 6O ）可由一氧化碳和物质X 在一定的条件下制得。

反应的化学方程式为

，则X 的化学式为（）

A ．C 2H 5OH

B ．H 2O 2

C ．C 2H 4

D ．H 2

36．实验室制取二氧化碳，下列做法可行的是（）

A ．用向下排空气法收集二氧化碳

B ．用镊子夹取块状大理石

C ．用稀硫酸与块状大理石反应制取CO 2

D ．把用剩的酸液倒回原试剂瓶

37．粗盐提纯实验的部分操作如图所示，其中错误的是（）

38．化学方程式是描述化学反应的语言，正确的化学方程式是（）A．2CO ＋O2→2CO2B．2NaOH ＋CuSO4→Na2SO4＋Cu(OH)2↓

C．2P＋5O2P2 O5D．Mg＋2HCl→MgCl2＋H2

39．某花圃所种的花卉缺乏氮元素，则应施用的化肥是（）A．K2SO4B．草木灰C．CO(NH2)2D．Ca(H2PO4)2

40．甲、乙、丙都是含有碳元素的物质，它们之间有如下转化关系：

⑴甲+ 丙→ 乙⑵乙+ O2→ 丙

则按甲．乙．丙顺序依次排列正确的一组是( )

A．C、CO、CO2B．C、CO2、CO C．CO、C、CO2D．CO2、C、CO 41．实验研究离不开仔细的观察和记录，下列实验现象记录准确的是（）A．向氢氧化钠溶液中滴加无色酚酞试液，氢氧化钠变红色

B．硫在氧气中燃烧，发出明亮的蓝紫色火焰，产生有刺激性气味的气体

C．向澄清石灰水中通入少量二氧化碳，产生碳酸钙

D．铁丝在空气中燃烧火星四射，放出热量．生成黑色固体

42．选择合理试剂验证Cu、Fe、Ag 三种金属活动性顺序，下列选择试剂中不合理的是（）A．Fe、Ag、CuSO4溶液B．Cu、Fe(NO3)2溶液、AgNO3溶液

C．Cu、Fe、稀盐酸、AgNO3溶液D．Cu、Ag、F e(N O3)2溶液

43．关于电解水实验的叙述错误的是（）A．试管a中的气体是H2

B．试管b中的气体能使带火星的木条复燃

C．产生的H2和O2的质量比为2 : 1

D．发生反应的化学方程式为2H2O2H2↑＋O2↑

44．规范的操作是实验成功的前提，下列实验操作正确的是（）

A．用电子天平称量氯化钠，应先调零，然后垫称量纸称取氯化钠

B．蒸发操作时，蒸发皿必须放在石棉网上，用酒精灯外焰加热

C．用排空气法收集气体时，导气管不需要插入接近集气瓶底

D．给试管内的固体药品加热时，试管口应略向下倾斜

45．用括号内的试剂或方法鉴别下列各组物质，现象不明显的是（）A．CaCO3粉末、CuSO4粉末（水）B．稀硫酸、稀盐酸（BaCl2溶液）

C．Ca(OH)2溶液、NaOH溶液（稀盐酸）D．NaCl溶液、KCl溶液（焰色反应）46．下列图像中有关量的变化趋势与对应叙述关系正确的是（）

A．向物质的量相等的铁片和锌片中滴加足量的稀硫酸

B．加热一定质量的氯酸钾与二氧化锰的混合物

C．某温度下，向一定量接近饱和的硝酸钾溶液中不断加入硝酸钾晶体

D．向一定质量的稀硫酸中滴加水

七．填空题（共18分）

47．日常生活离不开化学。

①在“氦气、盐酸、氧气．甲烷”中选择适当的物质，用化学式填空：

人体胃液中含有的酸是（1）用于医疗急救病人的是（2）

用于霓虹灯的是（3）作气体燃料的是（4）

②医疗上常用体积分数为70%~75%的酒精（C2H5OH）溶液作消毒剂。酒精是由（5）种元素组成，各元素原子物质的量之比为C:H:O= （6），0.2molC2H5OH分子中约含有（7）个碳原子。48．良好的水质和空气质量是人们健康的保证，自来水净化过程中通入氯气的目的是（8），家用净水器中含有大量活性炭，其作用是（9）；空气中含量最多的气体是（10），它属于（11）（单质或化合物）；铁长期放置在潮湿的空气中会缓慢氧化而生锈，写出用稀盐酸除铁锈的化学方程式（12）；酸雨会侵蚀建筑物，酸雨的形成原因之一是由于空气中含有较多的（13）气体。

49．下表是氯化钠．氯化铵在不同温度下的溶解度（单位：g/100g水）

①20℃时，氯化钠的溶解度是（14）g/100g水。

②40℃时，向两只分别盛有42gNaCl和NH4Cl固体的烧杯中，各加入100g水，充分溶解后，能形成饱和溶液的物质是（15），其饱和溶液的质量为（16）g。

③采用一种操作方法，将上述②中烧杯内的剩余固体全部溶解，变为不饱和溶液。

下列说法正确的是（17）（填字母序号）。

A．溶液中溶质的质量减少B．可升高温度或增加溶剂

C．溶液质量不变D．溶液中溶质的质量分数减小

④农业生产常用溶质的质量分数为10%~20%的NaCl溶液来选种。现将100g25%的NaCl溶液稀释为10%的NaCl溶液，需要加水的质量为（18）g。

八．简答题（共22分）

50．初中化学实验中常用的实验装置如下图所示：

①写出图中指定仪器的名称：a （1） b (2) ；

②实验室用氯酸钾与二氧化锰混合加热制氧气，反应的化学方程式为（3）；

③上图中符合启普发生器原理的简易装置是（4）(填字母代号)；

④下图表示实验室用稀HCl、CuO、Fe粉三种物质，制取铜的两种实验方案。

Ⅰ.若按方案1制取铜，步骤Ⅱ反应的现象是（5）；

Ⅱ.若按方案2制取铜，写出步骤Ⅱ发生反应的化学方程

（6）；

Ⅲ.若按方案1制取铜,应选择的装置是（7）。

51．在如图所示的装置中，集气瓶内充满二氧化碳气体，瓶口的双孔塞一孔插一

根连接气球的玻璃管，另一孔插一支盛有氢氧化钠溶液的胶头滴管。把胶头滴管

中的氢氧化钠溶液滴入瓶中，振荡。

①实验现象：（8），反应的化学方程式为（9）；

②小明对瓶底残留液的成分产生了兴趣，欲探究其中是否含有碳酸钠：

稍后想想又立即否定了自己的结论，理由是（12）。

52．某课外小组研究“影响H2O2生成O2反应速率的因素”的课题。

通过查阅资料，他们提出如下猜想。

【提出猜想】催化剂和反应物浓度都会影响H2O2生成O2 的反应速率

【实验过程】实验装置如图：

实验操作：检查装置的气密性良好。将分液漏斗中的液体加入锥形瓶中，立即收集一瓶放出的气体。

实验记录：

溶液的体积为（13）mL

②充分反应后，将实验Ⅱ中剩余物质里的MnO2提取的方法是（14）；

【结论】该探究过程得出的结论是（15）；

【反思】H2O2在常温加入MnO2 后反应速率加快。小敏提出，为了更好的证明二氧化锰是否对H2O2生成O2的反应速率有影响，还应该增加一组对比实验。该实验选用的药品和用量为（16）；

【实验拓展】小敏用收集的气体进行氧气的性质实验。

①铁丝在氧气中燃烧，其反应的化学方程式为（17）；

②小敏发现用收集的气体进行铁丝燃烧实验时，没有产生明显的火星四射现象。造成这种结果的可能原

因是(18) 。

【兴趣实验】小敏欲对家中一瓶久置的过氧化氢溶液进行研究：

测定该溶液的溶质质量分数。他取出该溶液68g，加入适量二氧

化锰，充分反应后生成O2的物质的量与反应时间的关系如图。

计算该过氧化氢溶液的溶质质量分数。（19）（通过化

学方程式计算）

2012年初三化学教学质量检测试卷评分标准

x=0.06mol

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