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Java技术与Web设计外文文献翻译

Java技术与Web设计外文文献翻译
Java技术与Web设计外文文献翻译

文献信息

文献标题:A Comparative Study of Top Web Design Models that are using Java Technologies(使用Java技术的顶级Web设计模型的比较研究)文献作者及出处:Sathyaseelan B, Cordova R S. A Comparative Study of Top Web Design Models that are using Java Technologies[J].International Journal of Innovations and Advancement in Computer Science. 2016,5(5):41-44

字数统计:英文1614单词,8806字符;中文2779汉字

外文文献

A Comparative Study of Top Web Design Models that are

using Java Technologies

Abstract In today's professional workplace, enterprise applications are complex, adaptable, distributed, part-based, and mission- critical. They might be conveyed as an assortment of platforms across corporate systems, intranets, or the Internet. They are information driven, easy to use, and should meet stringent prerequisites for security, organization, and support. To put it plainly, they are highly complex systems. Various enterprise applications have been in the market today and there are numerous methods available for developing enterprise applications.

This paper discusses the major differences between two competing design models for developing Web applications using Java technologies which are Struts and Java Server Faces (JSF). Struts is an open source java framework and is an action-based framework.On the other hand, JSF is a new technology that supports ready-to-use components for rapid Web application development. These two technologies will be analyzed depending on the factors such as the controller flexibility or event handling, navigation, page development, integration and extensibility.

Keywords: web design models, Struts, Java Server Faces and Java technologies

I.Introduction

A STRUT is a web application system that has been popular over Java Servlets. It envelops the ordinarily utilized MVC design pattern. A STRUT automates normal tasks, liberating up to explore more of the Action- to-result pages mapping utilizing SML-based configurations. The system makes the progress level subtle elements of the usage of Web-based applications and gives a bit of structural software. JavaServer Faces (JSF) abridges the development of web application user interfaces, usually by defining a user interface component model tied to a well-defined request processing lifecycle. It characterizes a set of UI components— basically, a balanced mapping of the html structure component set along with some extras—that could a be utilized as an application programming interface for extending and modifying standard components or developing new components.

II.Key Differences

The figures below illustrate the key differences between a STRUTS and JSF request-response scenario. This is necessary in order to fully understand the architecture of each web design models.

Figure 1. Struts Request-Response Scenario

In figure 1, the client sends request to server through a web-browser for a

particular resource. This request is forwarded to the server through a Controller. A servlet goes about as a controller, accepting all requests from the customer. The servlet hands off the request to a different business layer for handling. When processing is finished, the servlet advances or diverts the request to a JSP, which is exclusively in charge of creating the following view for the client. There is no business logic within the JSP.

Figure 2. JSF Request-Response Scenario

In figure 2, the server handles requests from the client, starting from an initial request to a postback request. When a client makes an underlying request for a page, it is asking for the page for the first time. When a client executes a postback, it presents the structure contained on a page that was beforehand stacked into the program as a result of executing an underlying request. When the life cycle handles an underlying request, it just executes the restore view and renders response phases in light of the fact that there is no client information or activities to prepare. Then again, when the life cycle handles a postback, it executes the majority of the phases.

III.Methodology

In this study we will compare JSF and Struts. We will create two models

employing the JSF and Struts request-response scenario. JSF is a “component”framework while Struts is an “action” framework.

This paper compares and evaluates the ease of application development and the performance of two design models (Struts and JSF) by presenting the two design models and critically analyzes each technology.

IV.Challenges

Web Development Challenges

The challenges in Web development are much more than the application development. The main challenge is in hosting the application over a webserver and then handling the network issues while accessing those via network. The performances of the web-based application are based on the network availability and its speed. These are not challenges for desktop applications as they run on the local host and the resources are based only on that system.

Challenges in STRUTS

Despite the fact that Struts accompanies a rundown of remarkable elements however it is important not to neglect the few negative applications about Struts and would require loads of improvements.

Greater expectation to learn and adapt - To utilize MVC with STRUTS, you must be alright with the standard JSP, Servlet APIs and a substantial and elaborate system.

Poor documentation - Compared to the standard servlet and JSP APIs, STRUTS has less online resources, and some first-time clients locate the online Apache documentation confusing and inadequately sorted out.

Less straightforward - With STRUTS applications, there is significantly more going ahead in the background than with ordinary Java-based Web applications which makes it hard to comprehend the system.

Challenges in JSF

JSF is a very powerful innovation for creating Java-based web applications. It is intended to improve the development of client interfaces for Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) applications via programmed handling of low level HTTP requests and

client information processing. JSF utilizes a part based model for web advancement. Utilizing the visual JSF web application instrument offered by NetBeans (https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ea5565187.html,) integrated development environment (IDE), segments can be actually "painted" on a virtual JSF page by relocating them from a palette of JSF segment library.

Event handlers can then be characterized for every part the same route concerning creating standalone Java graphical user interface (GUI) application. Route standards are determined for every page from a central XML arrangement document (faces-config.xml). Client activities on a web interface will trigger an event which in return figures out which page is to be shown along the rules specified on that page.This methodology encourages measured and adaptable design, making web application development much more straightforward and faster.

The route decides determined for that page. This methodology encourages measured and adaptable configuration, making web application advancement much less difficult and speedier.

V.Analysis

In this study, STRUTS and JSF were analyzed in terms of their controller flexibility or event handling, navigation, page development, integration and extensibility. This is important to compare each web design model and present the advantages and disadvantages of each technology.

Controller Flexibility/Event Handling

Controller is considered as the heart of the Struts. It uses the Front Controller Pattern and Command Pattern. A single servlet takes a request, and then translates HTTP parameters into a Java ActionForm, and passes the ActionForm into a Struts Action class. The URI designates which Action class need to be executed. The Struts framework has one single event handler for the HTTP request. When the request is met by the event handler, the Action returns the result back to the front controller. This in turn will be used to choose the navigation destination.

Controller Pattern is been used by the JSF. Each face request goes through a

single servlet, whose responsibility is to get a faces page with components. It will then trigger the events for each component and render the components using a render toolkit. It is also possible to bound the components to the data from its model. JSF have several event handlers on a page while Struts is geared to one event per request. In addition, with Struts, the ActionForms have to extend Struts classes, creating another layer of complicated coding while JSF gives the ability to peg into the model without breaking layering.

Navigation

Navigation is a key feature of both Struts and JSF. There are 2 types of navigation: static navigation - when the output of a particular page is known so that it is very easy to predict its expected output; and dynamic navigation – when the output is unpredictable and some business logic determines the output of that particular page. Both frameworks have a declarative navigation model and define navigation using rules inside their XML configuration file. Both JSF and Struts support both types of navigation.

Page Development

JSF was built with component models which support RAD development, while struts don’t have that support. The Struts framework provides custom libraries to peg into Action Forms and offers some utilities. JSF provides the ability to build components from a variety of view technologies and does it in such a way to be component based.

Integration

Struts are model neutral, so there is no special hook into a model layer. The page data has to be moved from the Action Form to another Model input format which requires heavy complicated coding. The ActionForm class, provides an extra layer of tedious coding and state transition.

JSF, on the other hand, encapsulates and hides the details of any data inside the component tree. Data grids and similar rich components can be bound to any Java class. This allows the combination of JSF and SDO which are powerful RAD development.

Extensibility

Both Struts and JSF offers the extension of framework to meet expanding requirements. Struts have RequestProcessor class that has various callback methods and is the major grip for struts throughout the life-cycle of a request. JSF also have similar functionality to outspread special life-cycle interfaces. Apart from this, JSF totally decouples the render phase from the controller. This considered as on of the main important feature of JSF that Struts does not incorporate.

VI.Conclusion

JSF is a much more flexible framework while struts is a sturdy framework and works well. JSF is a strong framework because of its flexible controller and navigation. Furthermore, JSF is built with integration and extensibility. From a strategic direction and programming model, JSF can be a target of new applications.

中文译文

使用Java技术的顶级Web设计模型的比较研究

摘要在当今的专业工作环境中,企业应用程序是复杂的、可适应的、分布式的、基于部件的和任务关键的。它们可以作为跨公司系统、内部网或互联网的各种平台进行传输。它们是信息驱动的,易于使用,并且应该满足安全、组织和支持的严格先决条件。简单来说,它们就是高度复杂的系统。当今市场上已经出现了各种各样的企业应用程序,开发企业应用程序的方法也有很多。

本文讨论了使用Java技术(Struts和Java Server Faces, JSF)开发Web 应用程序的两种相互竞争的设计模型之间的主要区别。Struts是一个开源的Java框架,是一个基于行动的框架。另一方面,JSF是一种新的技术,它支持现成的组件,用于快速的Web应用程序开发。本文将根据控制器灵活性或事件处理、导航、页面开发、集成和可扩展性等因素来对这两种技术进行分析。

关键字:Web设计模型,Struts,Java Server Faces和Java技术

论文外文文献翻译3000字左右

南京航空航天大学金城学院 毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译 系部经济系 专业国际经济与贸易 学生姓名陈雅琼学号2011051115 指导教师邓晶职称副教授 2015年5月

Economic policy,tourism trade and productive diversification (Excerpt) Iza Lejárraga,Peter Walkenhorst The broad lesson that can be inferred from the analysis is that promoting tourism linkages with the productive capabilities of a host country is a multi-faceted approach influenced by a variety of country conditions.Among these,fixed or semi-fixed factors of production,such as land,labor,or capital,seem to have a relatively minor influence.Within the domain of natural endowments,only agricultural capital emerged as significant.This is a result that corresponds to expectations,given that foods and beverages are the primary source of demand in the tourism economy.Hence,investments in agricultural technology may foment linkages with the tourism market.It is also worth mentioning that for significant backward linkages to emerge with local agriculture,a larger scale of tourism may be important. According to the regression results,a strong tourism–agriculture nexus will not necessarily develop at a small scale of tourism demand. It appears that variables related to the entrepreneurial capital of the host economy are of notable explanatory significance.The human development index(HDI), which is used to measure a country's general level of development,is significantly and positively associated with tourism linkages.One plausible explanation for this is that international tourists,who often originate in high-income countries,may feel more comfortable and thus be inclined to consume more in a host country that has a life-style to which they can relate easily.Moreover,it is important to remember that the HDI also captures the relative achievements of countries in the level of health and education of the population.Therefore,a higher HDI reflects a healthier and more educated workforce,and thus,the quality of local entrepreneurship.Related to this point,it is important to underscore that the level of participation of women in the host economy also has a significantly positive effect on linkages.In sum, enhancing local entrepreneurial capital may expand the linkages between tourism and other sectors of the host country.

毕业设计外文翻译资料

外文出处: 《Exploiting Software How to Break Code》By Greg Hoglund, Gary McGraw Publisher : Addison Wesley Pub Date : February 17, 2004 ISBN : 0-201-78695-8 译文标题: JDBC接口技术 译文: JDBC是一种可用于执行SQL语句的JavaAPI(ApplicationProgrammingInterface应用程序设计接口)。它由一些Java语言编写的类和界面组成。JDBC为数据库应用开发人员、数据库前台工具开发人员提供了一种标准的应用程序设计接口,使开发人员可以用纯Java语言编写完整的数据库应用程序。 一、ODBC到JDBC的发展历程 说到JDBC,很容易让人联想到另一个十分熟悉的字眼“ODBC”。它们之间有没有联系呢?如果有,那么它们之间又是怎样的关系呢? ODBC是OpenDatabaseConnectivity的英文简写。它是一种用来在相关或不相关的数据库管理系统(DBMS)中存取数据的,用C语言实现的,标准应用程序数据接口。通过ODBCAPI,应用程序可以存取保存在多种不同数据库管理系统(DBMS)中的数据,而不论每个DBMS使用了何种数据存储格式和编程接口。 1.ODBC的结构模型 ODBC的结构包括四个主要部分:应用程序接口、驱动器管理器、数据库驱动器和数据源。应用程序接口:屏蔽不同的ODBC数据库驱动器之间函数调用的差别,为用户提供统一的SQL编程接口。 驱动器管理器:为应用程序装载数据库驱动器。 数据库驱动器:实现ODBC的函数调用,提供对特定数据源的SQL请求。如果需要,数据库驱动器将修改应用程序的请求,使得请求符合相关的DBMS所支持的文法。 数据源:由用户想要存取的数据以及与它相关的操作系统、DBMS和用于访问DBMS的网络平台组成。 虽然ODBC驱动器管理器的主要目的是加载数据库驱动器,以便ODBC函数调用,但是数据库驱动器本身也执行ODBC函数调用,并与数据库相互配合。因此当应用系统发出调用与数据源进行连接时,数据库驱动器能管理通信协议。当建立起与数据源的连接时,数据库驱动器便能处理应用系统向DBMS发出的请求,对分析或发自数据源的设计进行必要的翻译,并将结果返回给应用系统。 2.JDBC的诞生 自从Java语言于1995年5月正式公布以来,Java风靡全球。出现大量的用java语言编写的程序,其中也包括数据库应用程序。由于没有一个Java语言的API,编程人员不得不在Java程序中加入C语言的ODBC函数调用。这就使很多Java的优秀特性无法充分发挥,比如平台无关性、面向对象特性等。随着越来越多的编程人员对Java语言的日益喜爱,越来越多的公司在Java程序开发上投入的精力日益增加,对java语言接口的访问数据库的API 的要求越来越强烈。也由于ODBC的有其不足之处,比如它并不容易使用,没有面向对象的特性等等,SUN公司决定开发一Java语言为接口的数据库应用程序开发接口。在JDK1.x 版本中,JDBC只是一个可选部件,到了JDK1.1公布时,SQL类包(也就是JDBCAPI)

建筑设计参考文献综述

文献综述 建筑设计参考文献综述: [1]《房屋建筑学》,邢双军主编 建筑学作为一门内容广泛的综合性学科,它沙及到建筑功能、工程技术、建筑经济、建筑艺术以及环境规划等许多方面的问题。般说来,建筑物既是物质产品,又具有一定的艺术形象,它必然随着社会生产生活方式的发展变化而发展变化,并且总是受科学技术、政治经济和文化传统的深刻影响*建筑物—一作为人们亲手创造的人为环境的重要组成部分,需要耗用大量的人力和物力。它除了具行满足物质功能的使用要求外,其空间组合和建筑形象又常会赋予人们以精神上的感受。 [2]《建筑设计防火规范》(GB50016-2006) 1.0.1 为了防止和减少建筑火灾危害,保护人身和财产安全,制定本规范。 1.0.2 本规范适用于下列新建、扩建和改建的建筑: 1 9层及9层以下的居住建筑(包括设置商业服务网点的居住建筑); 2 建筑高度小于等于24.0m 的公共建筑; 3 建筑高度大于24.0m 的单层公共建筑; 4 地下、半地下建筑(包括建筑附属的地下室、半地下室); 5 厂房; 6 仓库; 7 甲、乙、丙类液体储罐(区); 8 可燃、助燃气体储罐(区); 9 可燃材料堆场; 10 城市交通隧道。 注:1 建筑高度的计算:当为坡屋面时,应为建筑物室外设计地面到其檐口的高度;当为平屋面(包括有女儿墙 的平屋面)时,应为建筑物室外设计地面到其屋面面层的高度;当同一座建筑物有多种屋面形式时,建筑 高度应按上述方法分别计算后取其中最大值。局部突出屋顶的瞭望塔、冷却塔、水箱间、微波天线间或设 施、电梯机房、排风和排烟机房以及楼梯出口小间等,可不计入建筑高度内。 2 建筑层数的计算:建筑的地下室、半地下室的顶板面高出室外设计地面的高度小于等 于 1.5m 者,建筑底部设置的高度不超过2.2m 的自行车库、储藏室、敞开空间,以及建筑屋顶上突出的局部设备用房、出屋面 的楼梯间等,可不计入建筑层数内。住宅顶部为两层一套的跃层,可按1 层计,其它部位的跃层以及顶部 多于2 层一套的跃层,应计入层数。 1.0.3 本规范不适用于炸药厂房(仓库)、花炮厂房(仓库)的建筑防火设计。 人民防空工程、石油和天然气工程、石油化工企业、火力发电厂与变电站等的建筑防火设计,当有专门的国家现行标准时,宜从其规定。 1.0.4 建筑防火设计应遵循国家的有关方针政策,从全局出发,统筹兼顾,做到安全适用、技术先进、经济合理。 1.0.5 建筑防火设计除应符合本规范的规定外,尚应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。

五分钟搞定5000字-外文文献翻译【你想要的工具都在这里】-2

五分钟搞定5000字-外文文献翻译 工具大全 建议收藏 在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节,许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献,借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多,慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器:G oogle“翻译”频道、金山词霸(完整版本)和CNKI“翻译助手"。 具体操作过程如下: 1.先打开金山词霸自动取词功能,然后阅读文献; 2.遇到无法理解的长句时,可以交给Google处理,处理后的结果猛一看,不堪入目,可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了; 3.如果通过Google仍然无法理解,感觉就是不同,那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误,因为某些单词看似很简单,但是在文献中有特殊的意思,这时就可以通过CNKI的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思,由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献,所以它的吻合率很高。 另外,在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位,这样才不会造成“只见树木,不见森林”的误导。 注: 1、Google翻译: google,众所周知,谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文,当然这方面的帖子很多,大家可以搜索,在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用

吧 比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译, 首先你可以在CNKI里查中文的,根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做,一般比较准确。 在此主要是说在google里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧,按中国人的办法,把一个一个词分着查出来,敲到google里,你的这种翻译一般不太准,当然你需要验证是否准确了,这下看着吧,把你的那支离破碎的翻译在g oogle里搜索,你能看到许多相关的文献或资料,大家都不是笨蛋,看看,也就能找到最精确的翻译了,纯西式的!我就是这么用的。 2、CNKI翻译: CNKI翻译助手,这个网站不需要介绍太多,可能有些人也知道的。主要说说它的有点,你进去看看就能发现:搜索的肯定是专业词汇,而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应(因为它是CNKI检索提供的,它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的),很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧,它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用,当然省事了。网址告诉大家,有兴趣的进去看看,你们就会发现其乐无穷!还是很值得用的。 3、网路版金山词霸(不到1M): 翻译时的速度: 这里我谈的是电子版和打印版的翻译速度,按个人翻译速度看,打印版的快些,因为看电子版本一是费眼睛,二是如果我们用电脑,可能还经常时不时玩点游戏,或者整点别的,导致最终SPPEED变慢,再之电脑上一些词典(金山词霸等)在专业翻译方面也不是特别好,所以翻译效果不佳。在此本人建议大家购买清华

毕业设计外文翻译附原文

外文翻译 专业机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名刘链柱 班级机制111 学号1110101102 指导教师葛友华

外文资料名称: Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology 外文资料出处:Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), (用外文写) 925-930 (2006) 附件: 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文

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毕业设计外文翻译格式实例.

理工学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 专业:热能与动力工程 姓名:赵海潮 学号:09L0504133 外文出处:Applied Acoustics, 2010(71):701~707 附件: 1.外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。

附件1:外文资料翻译译文 基于一维CFD模型下汽车排气消声器的实验研究与预测Takeshi Yasuda, Chaoqun Wua, Noritoshi Nakagawa, Kazuteru Nagamura 摘要目前,利用实验和数值分析法对商用汽车消声器在宽开口喉部加速状态下的排气噪声进行了研究。在加热工况下发动机转速从1000转/分钟加速到6000转/分钟需要30秒。假定其排气消声器的瞬时声学特性符合一维计算流体力学模型。为了验证模拟仿真的结果,我们在符合日本工业标准(JIS D 1616)的消声室内测量了排气消声器的瞬态声学特性,结果发现在二阶发动机转速频率下仿真结果和实验结果非常吻合。但在发动机高阶转速下(从5000到6000转每分钟的四阶转速,从4200到6000转每分钟的六阶转速这样的高转速范围内),计算结果和实验结果出现了较大差异。根据结果分析,差异的产生是由于在模拟仿真中忽略了流动噪声的影响。为了满足市场需求,研究者在一维计算流体力学模型的基础上提出了一个具有可靠准确度的简化模型,相对标准化模型而言该模型能节省超过90%的执行时间。 关键字消声器排气噪声优化设计瞬态声学性能 1 引言 汽车排气消声器广泛用于减小汽车发动机及汽车其他主要部位产生的噪声。一般而言,消声器的设计应该满足以下两个条件:(1)能够衰减高频噪声,这是消声器的最基本要求。排气消声器应该有特定的消声频率范围,尤其是低频率范围,因为我们都知道大部分的噪声被限制在发动机的转动频率和它的前几阶范围内。(2)最小背压,背压代表施加在发动机排气消声器上额外的静压力。最小背压应该保持在最低限度内,因为大的背压会降低容积效率和提高耗油量。对消声器而言,这两个重要的设计要求往往是互相冲突的。对于给定的消声器,利用实验的方法,根据距离尾管500毫米且与尾管轴向成45°处声压等级相近的排气噪声来评估其噪声衰减性能,利用压力传感器可以很容易地检测背压。 近几十年来,在预测排气噪声方面广泛应用的方法有:传递矩阵法、有限元法、边界元法和计算流体力学法。其中最常用的方法是传递矩阵法(也叫四端网络法)。该方

外文文献翻译

Analysis on the Chinese Enterprise Financing Abstract:The main sources of financing for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are equity, trade credit paid on time, long and short term bank credits, delayed payment on trade credit a nd other debt. The marginal costs of each financing instrument are driven by asymmetric informatio n and transactions costs associated with nonpayment. According to the Pecking Order Theory, firms will choose the cheapest source in terms of cost. In the case of the static trade-off theory, firms cho ose finance so that the marginal costs across financing sources are all equal, thus an additional Euro of financing is obtained from all the sources whereas under the Pecking Order Theory the source is determined by how far down the Pecking Order the firm is presently located. In this paper, we argue that both of these theories miss the point that the marginal costs are dependent of the use of the fun ds, and the asset side of the balance sheet primarily determines the financing source for an additiona l Euro. An empirical analysis on a unique dataset of Portuguese SMEs confirms that the compositio n of the asset side of the balance sheet has an impact of the type of financing used and the Pecking Order Theory and the traditional Static Trade-off theory are rejected. For SME the main sources of financing are equity (internally generated cash), trade credit, ban k credit and other debt. The choice of financing is driven by the costs of the sources which is primar ily determined by costs of solving the asymmetric information problem and the expected costs assoc iated with non-payment of debt. Asymmetric information costs arise from collecting and analysing i nformation to support the decision of extending credit, and the non-payment costs are from collectin g the collateral and selling it to recover the debt. Since SMEs’ management and shareholders are oft en the same person, equity and internally generated funds have no asymmetric information costs an d equity is therefor e the cheapest source. 1 Asset side theory of SME financing In the previous section we have suggested that SME’s in Portugal are financed using internal g enerated cash, cheap trade credits, long and short-term bank loans and expensive trade credits and o ther loans. In this section the motives behind the different types of financing are discussed. 1.1 Cheap Trade credits The first external financing source we will discuss is trade-credits. Trade credits are interesting

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