全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程3-课后练习答案

Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live

Text A

Language Sense Enhancement

1. (P. 12)

1) special qualities 2) a tight budget 3) entertain 4) anyway 5) involved 6) requirement 7) on a small scale 8) temptation 9) Instead 10) machinery Language Focus

Vocabulary

I. 1. (P. 15 )

1) On balance 2) resist 3) haul 4) wicked

5) illustrated 6) budget 7) lowering 8) boundary

9) involved 10) economic 11) blasting 12) just about

2. (P. 16 )

1) cut back / down 2) pick up 3) get by 4) get through

5) face up to 6) turn in 7) making up for 8) think up

3. (P. 17 ）

1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy.

2) often generate misleading thoughts.

3) attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work.

4) be suspected of doing everything for money.

5) before he gets through life.

4. (P. 17 )

1) their indoor a profit to invest in

2) device the improvement on a global scale

3) stacked temptation never dined out

II. Confusable Words (P. 18 )

1. 1) house 2) home 3) home, family 4) household

2. 1) doubt 2) suspected 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect

III. Word Formation (P. 19 )

1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4) cash 5) hows and whys

6) upped 7) yellowed 8) bottled 9) lower 10) search Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1. (P. 20 )

1) gets by 2) temptation 3) get through

4) improvements 5) aside from 6) suspect

7) supplement 8) profit 9) stacking

2. (P. 21 )

1) replaced 2) consider 3) quit 4) world 5) tough

6) fuels 7) provide 8) luxuries 9) balance 10) ideal

II. Translation

1. (P. 21 )

1) We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it is fairly minor.

2) My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point.

3) The toys have to meet strict / tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children.

4) Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of new and opinion.

5) When it comes to this magazine, it is a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.

2. (P. 22 )

A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened a household device store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.

But, to run a business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed.

Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.

Text B

Comprehension Check (P. 27 )

a c d

b a c

Translation (P. 28 )

1. 什么？你说那听起来不像你府上的生活？其实，不仅仅是你一个人这么想。事实上，大多数人可能都跟你一样这么想的。

2. 例如，《交给比弗吧》一剧中妈妈带着珍珠项链，穿着高跟鞋做家务。爸爸整个周末都穿着西装，系着领带。

3. 要是电视网或有线电视没有中意的节目，录像制品商店可以提供好莱坞制作的品质迥异的节目：新近发行的电影、动画片、“成人”电影、体育锻炼节目、旅游、体育及入门指南录像带。

4. 如今，妈妈在看她的有线电视销售服务节目的时候，爸爸可能想租一部动作片。而在姐姐想看《辛普森一家》时，弟弟妹妹却在玩《让我们炸毁土星》的电子游戏。Language Practice

1. (P. 28 )

1) g 2) f 3) e 4) d 5) b 6) h 7) a 8) c

2. (P. 29 )

1) roast 2) cable 3) at one time

4) get along 5) missed out on 6) commute

7) taken over 8) make sense 9) go with

10) dizzy 11) gasped 12) networks

Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes

Text A

Language Sense Enhancement

1. (P. 41)

1) mission 2) courageous 3) forged 4) escape routes 5) liberate

6) authorized 7) honor 8) scheduled 9) exploits 10) intent on Language Focus

Vocabulary

I. 1. (P. 44)

1) decades 2) historic 3) imposed

4) religious 5) slender 6) web

7) bade 8) site 9) on the side

10) authorized 11) terminal 12) make the best of

2. (P. 45)

1) went through 2) stood up for 3) laid down 4) take on

5) let (us) down 6) draw on 7) fall into 8) pass for

3. (P. 46)

1) are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect the struggling American steel industry.

2) in the eyes of Joe Klein , staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.

3) people are really intent on destroying themselves with drug.

4) could forge a completely different approach to life.

5) is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run.

4. (P. 47)

1) As for do not compel capture of have forged

2) At huge risk the mission shelter

3) who abolished In the eyes of racial

II. Words with Multiple Meanings (P. 47)

1. I’ll tell you in a minute how I have attained the genuine sense of belonging in America, but

first let me hear about your French trip.

2. Most McDonald’s look almost the sam e on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs.

3. Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis.

4. This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble: it’s always breaking do wn.

5. In your resume you’ve mentioned everything but one vital point.

6. Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.

7. I am sorry, but I think you shouldn’t have lingered on over coffee and missed the last bus.

8. The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.

III. Usage (P. 49)

1. lonely

2. friendly

3. weekly monthly

4. lovely

5. cowardly

6. kindly / saintly

7. lively

8. motherly Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1. (P. 50)

1) forged 2) stand up 3) compelled 4) convictions 5) mission 6) abolish 7) intent on 8) risk 9) In the eyes of 10) threats

2. (P. 50)

1) assistance 2) involved 3) estimated 4) coincidence

5) emerged 6) referred 7) numerous 8) stationed

9) concern 10) capture

II. Translation

1. (P. 51)

1) Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.

2) Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement.

3) According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials.

4) Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once.

5) Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.

2. (P. 52)

Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. Later he built a small settlement in Dresden, Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school. He held to the

conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.

Text B

Comprehension Check (P.57)

b c d b b a

Translation (P.58)

1. 这一和平的不服从行为在蒙哥马利引发了抗议，最终使少数民族权利在法律上发生了变化，开创了美国民权运动的新时代。

2. 后来她解释说，这儿似乎是她结束受人摆布，弄清如果有的话她究竟有何人权的地方。

3. 但是，蒙哥马利的黑人团体认为应该团结在她周围组织抗议活动，她是适合担此重任的公民，因为她是该市最优秀的公民之一。

4. 他说：“只有极少人能说自己的行动和行为改变了国家的面貌。罗莎帕克斯就是那些人中的一个。”

Language Practice

1. (P. 58)

d e f b g a h c

2. (P. 59)

1) trial 2) activist 3) equality

4) arrested 5) transportation 6) representatives

7) legal 8) boycotts 9) fame

10) representation 11) ushered in 12) lain in honor / in state

Unit 3 Security

Text A

Language Sense Enhancement

1. (P. 70)

1) electronic 2) hooked up to 3) suburban 4) built in 5) uncommon

6) announcing 7) surveillance 8) symbol 9) featured 10) attached to Language Focus

Vocabulary

I.

1.(P. 72)

1) threatens 2) by a small margin

3) civilize 4) closed up

5) wandered 6) paste

7) without so much as 8) sideways

9) hook up to 10) universal

11) chart 12) Bathed in

2.(P. 73)

1) narrowed down 2) looked back on

3) cut off 4) fit into

5) wear (the other) down 6) lies in

7) put up 8) stand for

3.(P. 74)

1) which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford

2) with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger

3) feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986 — killing all seven crew

4) threatened to keep the pupils in after school they were quieted at once

5) are a major barrier to the country’s economic growth due to the fact that imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange / because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange

4.(P. 74)

1) looked back on, atmosphere, urban life

2) era, hooked up to, the electronic

3) the suburb, a sophisticated, system, analyze, make errors

II. Collocation (P. 75)

1) away 2) inside / in

3) forward / through 4) back

5) off 6) home

7) back down 8) in, out

III. Usage (P. 76)

1. Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be.

2. Most men do not look unattractive in them.

3. Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.

4. This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city’s violent crimes.

5. His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1. (P. 77)

1) Statistics 2) rural

3) era 4) stood for

5) on the latch 6) vulnerable

7) barriers 8) electronic

9) reflection 10) civilized

1) tougher 2) liable

3) shift 4) electric

5) cautious 6) sophisticated

7) thieves 8) break

9) chances 10) signs

II. Translation

1. (P. 78)

1) The Internet is changing the way people live, no matter whether they are in urban or rural areas.

2) Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones.

3) With regard to our term papers, the professor asked us to analyze the chart of unemployment first, and then provide critical reflections on the nation’s economic development.

4 ) It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.

5) Looking back on my twenty years’ teaching in high school, I attributed my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge.

2.(P. 79)

It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Make sure / Assure yourself that you don’t leave the door on the latch if you happen to be the last to come in. If you decide to buy a sophisticated electronic alarm system, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. In addition you may have it hooked up to a police station.

Text B

Comprehension Check (P. 85)

1. b

2. b

3.b

4.d

5.a

6.d

Translation (P. 85)

1. 时至今日，我成了一个典型的被枪支制造商看重并视为其潜在买主的那种女人——成了成千上万个采取这种行动的人中的一员。

2. 据称他的犯罪行为非常野蛮，他加害于人的欲望非常强烈，这使我开始对自己在任何情况下决不杀人的信念产生了怀疑。

3. 我意识到，自己曾积极提倡的一厢情愿的和平主义会为害自身，更糟的是，会为害我的儿子。于是我极不情愿地决定：为了我们的生存，我必须确保有一个最佳选择方案。

4. 我手指扣住扳机，最后用力一扣，在亲手结束侵入者性命的同时也庆幸自己没有成为牺牲品。

Language Practice

1. (P. 86)

d f h a g

e b c

1) belief 2) wrapping 3) draw the line at 4) break into

5) take the plunge 6) squeeze 7) advocated 8) insure

9) in his favor 10) Under no circumstances 11) on the line 12) aimed at

Unit 4 Was Einstein a Space Alien?

Text A

Language Sense Enhancement (P.101)

I. 1) concentration 2) lie down

3) balance 4) engross himself in

5) stimulated 6) more so

7) curious 8) assessment

9) credited 10) intelligence

Language Focus

Vocabulary

1. (P. 104)

1) accordingly 2) loose

3) concentration 4) stimulating

5) fabric 6) if anything

7) reality 8) intuition

9) trifle 10) at the turn of the century

11) mess 12) undermine

2. (P. 105)

1) approve of 2) slow down

3) take in 4) sucked into

5) set … apart 6) dozed off

7) call forth 8) stretch into

9) keep up with 10) believe in

3. (P. 105)

1) provided inspiration for many artists and musicians over the decades.

2) is credited to his powers of imagination.

3) on the foundations of an agricultural revolution.

4) not to make any complaints in the presence of the nurse.

5) the outbreak of the Second World War.

4. (P. 106)

1) flaw came to the conclusion would get nowhere

2) in a row dozed off a mess of

3) outbreak of has undermined has strained

II. Collocation (P. 106)

1. With Christmas only a week away

2. With his physical condition improving day by day

3. With our GDP growing steadily

4. With all the shops closed

5. with her eyes closed

6. With the fog lifting during the night

III. Usage (P. 107)

1. like / as

2. as

3. like

4. like / as

5. as / like

6. as

7. like

8. as

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1. (P. 108)

1) caution 2) came to the conclusion 3) never get anywhere

4) undermining 5) not give / care a fig 6) flaw

7) beyond any doubt 8) foundation 9) remarkable / impressive

10) imagination

2. (P. 109)

1) extent 2) inventions 3) bet

4) manages 5) vision 6) eventually

7) achievement 8) poverty 9) utilized

10) breakthrough

II. Translation

1. (P. 109)

1) The volunteers sent / assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague

2) Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but failed.

3) Professor Wang received / won the Presidential Award fro his excellence in stimulating students’ creative imagination.

4) As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn’t approve of the economic stimulus package.

5) Having realized that nobody could help him, Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and take up / meet the challenge by himself.

2. (P. 110)

What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the United Nations declared it “The World Year of Physics”. It was the 100th anniversary of Einstein’s theory of relativity and the 50th anniversary of his death. In 1905 Einstein published five highly important essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics. His great achievement can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, and not giving a fig for authority. It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest scientist in the 20th century.

Unit 5 Giving Thanks

Text A

Language Sense Enhancement

1. (P. 146)

1) decades 2) undergoing

3) had done wrong 4) welcome reassurance

5) appreciated 6) brought back

7) relatives 8) accomplish

9) consume 10) representing

Language Focus

Vocabulary

1. (P. 149)

1) sprinkled 2) in turn 3) reversed 4) repay

5) at sea 6) traditional 7) statement 8) longed for

9) in secret 10) unloaded 11) weep 12) under way

2. (P. 150)

1) stretch out 2) make out 3) hope for 4) turns … over

5) put away 6) brings back 7) got to 8) go about

3. (P. 150)

1) diminish, people are working to increase the use of solar energy.

2) accord high priority to meeting the challenges of economic and environmental development in the region.

3) are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated.

4) has been immersed in British history and culture.

5) in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident.

4. (P. 151)

1) my sincere considerate of with gratitude

2) assembled amid the in quest of

3) was marvelous had undergone swift and the rest

II. Collocation (P. 151)

1, fond of 2. sick of 3. thoughtful of 4. confident of

5. conscious of

6. critical of

7. guilty of

8. ashamed of

III. Usage (P. 152)

1. To know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say.

2. It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success.

3. Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.

4. I think I’ll stay at home this evening rather than go / going out.

5. Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan / planning for them.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1. (P. 153)

1) at sea 2) Turning over

3) reverse 4) got to

5) repay 6) gratitude

7) assembled 8) immersed in

9) unloading 10) swift

2. (P. 153)

1) Instead 2) possessions

3) richer 4) breath

5) cherish 6) special

7) specific 8) shining

9) miracles 10) gift

II. Translation

1. (P. 154)

1) Grandma took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of rice.

2) I can quote you several instances of her dedication to science.

3) The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones in China.

4) Tension between the two countries stemmed in part from the latest spy affair.

5) Peter has worked in a law firm for many years. You can consider having him as your lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help.

2. (P. 154)

Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George’s father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop’s famous saying “Gratitude is the sign of noble souls” and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.

Unit 6 The Human Touch

Text A

Language Sense Enhancement

1. (P.174)

1) curling 2) looking the part

3) masterpiece 4) to excess

5) For the rest 6) smelling strongly of

7) fancy 8) light and fragile

9) slight hold upon the world 10) streaming

Language Focus

Vocabulary

I. 1. (P.176)

1) masterpieces 2) fragile

3) fancy 4) nonsense

5) cling to 6) endure

7) acute 8) whistle

9) mock 10) subtracted

11) Sin 12) flutter / fluttering

2. (P.177)

1) gave in / gave up 2) figure out

3) sized up 4) wiped out

5) pulling up 6) wear away

7) sit up 8) hear of / about

3. (P. 178)

1) usually stand out in childhood memories

2) a joint bachelor’s degree program in environmental studies together with Duke University

3) still stalks the country

4) scarcely any surface water in the desert

5) for change in the election law is so persistent that both houses have promised to consider it

4. (P. 178)

1) dreary mingled with not to excess a merry

2) called to us in a whisper in tune with

3) backward wet through won’t hear of turn loose your

II. Words with Multiple Meanings (P. 179)

1. He went to Paris on business last month.

2. The train to Brussels goes at 2:25p.m.

3. As soon as they arrived at the meadow, the shepherd let the sheep go.

4. We went exploring together in the mountains. / We will go exploring together in the mountains.

5. Let’s go and have a drink in the bar.

6. The store is going to close up soon.

7. South Koreans went crazy when their soccer players beat the Spanish team in the quarterfinals.

8. When Mother came out of the house, she found her children gone.

III. Usage (P. 180)

1. a little white wooden house

2. long, curly red hair

3. a large old round table

4. a cheap Indian restaurant

5. a huge cool chocolate ice-cream

6. rapid technological advance

7. a handsome young Chinese American

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1. (P. 181)

1) in tune 2) Scarcely 3) in a whisper 4) cling to 5) merry

6) sat up 7) nonsense 8) fancy 9) sin 10) masterpiece

2. (P. 181)

1) mission 2) involve 3) jail 4) not 5) collect

6) deliver 7) beautiful 8) vocation 9) need 10) small

II. Translation

1. (P. 182)

1) The red house stands out against the old trees that reach high up to the sky.

2) The salary in / for my new job is great, but for the rest, I’m not satisfied.

3) The waters of the two streams mingle near our village.

4) We should not mock at other people’s religious beliefs.

5) The curtains of the room are not quite in tune with the style of the furniture.

2. (P. 182)

Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn-out jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot / in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work. In fact, many of them act like this just to look the part,or to be “in tune with” other artists. They have forgotten that only through persistent effort can one achieve success.

Unit 7 Making a Living

Text A Life of a Salesman

Language Sense Enhancement

1. (P202)

1) trapped 2) impatient 3) rushed about 4) future

5) rise above his limitations 6) applied for 7) product 8) door-to-door

9) representative 10) gave in

Language focus

Vocabulary

1. (P. 205)

1) disabled 2) impatient 3) solitary 4) crushed

5) feel like 6) lashed 7) echoing 8) paused

9) betrayed 10) laundry 11) section 12) tilted

2. (P. 206)

1) cared for 2) hang on

3) was laid up with 4) are gaining on

5) kicked up 6) went off

7) drop ... off 8) straighten out

3. (P. 207)

1) sometimes didn’t register with her.

2) in disorder, drawers pulled out, shoes and boots scattered.

3) was transferred from Father’s account to my account.

4) a pledge to contribute 1000,000 dollars to the Children in Needed charity campaign.

5) the most profitable business in that province.

4. (P. 207)

1) gaining on off balance was laid up in scar on

2) a cripple / crippled surgery limitations in literature

3) commission on the phone his territory never registers with

II. Usage (P. 208)

1. I never did go over these books, although I probably should have.

2. I know this is a personal question. You don’t have to answer me if you don’t want to.

3. I think this topic should have attracted far more attention from philosophers than it has.

4. “I think you’re right.”—“I’m sure I am.”

5. “He thought that the condition was hereditary in his case.”—“Well, it might be.”

6. “Sugar?” ---- “No. Maybe next time.”

7. The house is only a building. It is a place to live, nothing more.

8. DIANE: You didn’t! Tell me you didn’t!

FATHER: Oh, yes. Anything for my children.

III. Word Family (P. 209)

1. 1) bored 2) boredom 3) bored 4) boringly 5) boring

2. 1) encouraged 2) encouragingly 3) encouraging 4) encouragement

3. 1) frozen 2) freeze 3) freezing 4) freezer 5) freeze Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1. (P. 210)

1) off … feet 2) signature 3) commission 4) on the phone

5) laid up 6) surgery 7) territory 8) disorder

9) applying for 10) dignity

2. (P. 211)

1) didn’t 2) read 3) come 4) money 5) because

6) earning 7) doing 8) own 9) obviously 10) value

II. Translation

1. (P. 211)

1) I grew terribly scared when I heard sound of footsteps echoing round the hallway at midnight yesterday.

2) The name-brand sports shoes are guaranteed for 12months.

3) Snowstorms threw communications and transportation into disorder.

4) I’ve been suffering a lot of stress from work lately, I feel like taking a vacation at the seaside.

5) Living in an apartment is all right, but it has its limitations --- for example, you don’t have your own gardens.

2. (P. 212)

Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless. Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win / gain the respect of others. That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being.

Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut. He then worked as a sales representative for a sportswear company in a territory no one else would want. Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him.

Text B

Comprehension Check (P. 217)

c d a d d b

Translation (P. 217)

1. 当时我俩并未意识到这一点，但那就是我们之间开始拉开距离的日子，是开始在家庭内部重新界定劳动者的意义的日子。

2. 他没有想到的是，他的大儿子打破了蓝领规则的第一条：赚尽可能多的钱，过尽可能好的生活。

3. 爸爸就像家人期望的那样，学了一门手艺，过上了一种预先设计的单调生活。

4. 与此同时，他继续他的蓝领生活，一块一块地砌砖。

Language Practice

1. (P. 218)

h c e f b d a g

2. (P. 218)

1) institutions 2) campus 3) myth 4) advertise

5) criticized 6) took on 7) putting…through 8) settled into

9) come down to 10) lucrative 11) loaded 12) scratch

Unit 8 Cloning