外文翻译

three tank water level control system

PLC (Programmable Controller) is a member of the family computer, is designed for industrial control application. Early Programmable Controller called Programmable Logic Controller (Programmable Logic Controller), hereinafter referred to as PLC, it mainly used instead of relay realize Logic control. With the development of technology, the device functionality is considerably more than the scope of logic control, therefore, today the device called the programmable controller, hereinafter referred to as PC. But in order to avoid and Personal Computer (Personal Computer) abbreviation confusion, so will be referred to as PLC programmable controller, PLC appeared since 1966, the United States, Japan, Germany, the programmable controller of high quality, powerful.

Liquid level control system based on PLC can be very good to meet the requirements of the liquid level control system of industrial, bring convenient and accurate for controlling, in the society now efficiency has an important practical value. In the previous industry, the realization of the liquid level control method is to see and then go to the people, or through a fixed liquid level switch, when the height of the liquid level reaches a certain level to control the liquid level switch automatically closed or disconnected. With automatic continuous development, many times we need to continuously in the industry to control the liquid level, the time to look at the height of the liquid level, and it needs to be more and more on computer to monitor the liquid level and control level, this is the purpose of this design.

Liquid level is an important parameter in process control, his influence on production should not be ignored. In order to ensure safety in production and product quality and quantity of the liquid level control is very necessary in a timely and effective manner. Water tank level control is an important problem in liquid level control system, it is common in the industrial process, and representative and is very typical and practical.

PLC in industrial automation application is very extensive. PID control after a long time of development, has become an important means of control in the industry. This design is based on the PLC of the PID algorithm to control the liquid level. PLC unknown feeling circuit level of acquisition, and then after automatic adjustment method to determine the PID parameters, by controlling the dc pump working hours in order to realize the control of the liquid level. MCGS (monitor and control the general system) is used for rapid construction PC configuration software system of the monitoring system, monitoring the link of the system is designed by MCGS. So we can through the configuration screen for pumping liquid level height and the start-stop condition monitoring, and can be carried out on the PLC control start, stop, liquid level height, etc. The whole system stable running, simple and practical, the MCGS and PLC communication smooth.

At present, most of the process control system is still adopted PID control strategy, this is because the control is intuitionistic, simple and good robust performance, and a series of advantages. Liquid level control system is one of the important research model, process control study of liquid level control system is of significant theoretical

and practical significance. But because the level of liquid level control system has large lag, nonlinear mathematical model, the water valve port.

[1] to establish characteristics of the conventional incremental PID algorithm is difficult to obtain satisfactory control effect. In order to meet the actual requirements, People naturally seek other better control method. At present, people have the intelligent PID algorithm is introduced into the control area. The paper discusses the design of liquid level control system, by intelligent PID algorithm optimized design, system can automatically according to the situation of running real-time dynamic setting of PID parameters, and because it does not depend on system mathematic model of the parameters of the system is also not sensitive, so better

[2] scene apply to all kinds of unexpected situation, which can well meet the requirements of the system.

This control system belongs to the computer supervisory control system (SCC). Computer based on the discrete sampling control object of liquid level control system, intelligent PID control algorithm is used to control actuator output, so as to realize the level of constant liquid level control system.

In the industrial control object, the liquid level system is a typical application of the first-order system, time constant is bigger, have certain delay. This system adopts the intelligent PID control strategy, improve the dynamic response process of the system. And use the Microsoft Visual c + + and MFC class library has written to run on Windows NT / 2000 under Win32 control program. Embodied in standardization of software design, in line with the industry standard of man-machine interface and good scalability, reusability of code.

For their own development level control system parameters are difficult to adjust the problem, this paper puts forward a kind of intelligent PID control method. Intelligent PID control algorithm is based on the conventional PID control algorithm, based on the predecessors and the expert's experience and the experience of operators, in view of the object with large delay, time-varying and nonlinear system and control algorithm. Adjusted the algorithm is segmented, it has both good rapidity, and there was a delay (dead zone) to control the stability and anti-interference ability. The experimental results show that this control method is not only simple, high precision, and has certain practical value. Three tank system is typical of many of the controlled object in industrial process control abstract model, nonlinear, big inertia in broadly representative process control research applications. In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad for three modeling methods, control algorithm and the water tank system fault diagnosis, etc, are discussed in this paper. Further study on three water system control algorithm and build the modern experiment teaching system, in the field of industrial control and engineering cybernetics in teaching has important theoretical and practical application value. PID control is one of the earliest developed control strategy, because its algorithm is simple and good robustness and high reliability, is widely used in industrial process control, especially suitable for to establish accurate mathematical model of control system. The purpose of this paper is to give full play to the characteristics of genetic algorithm, improve the quality of the PID control system design and control. First USES the experimental modeling method,

the mathematical model of three water was deduced, and then according to the above model applied in the three water two kinds of PID control strategy: PID control based on adaptive genetic algorithm based on adaptive genetic algorithm (ga) and improve fast PID control algorithm. For two kinds of PID control strategy, the key lies in how to optimize the controller parameters, in this paper adopts the genetic algorithm is a new type of optimization search method, simulation research results show that the improved algorithm can significantly improve the system dynamic and static performance, can obtain ideal control effect.

Three tank system is typical of many of the controlled object in industrial process control abstract model, nonlinear, big inertia in broadly representative process control research applications. In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad for three modeling methods, control algorithm and the water tank system fault diagnosis, etc, are discussed in this paper. Further study on three water system control algorithm and build the modern experiment teaching system, in the field of industrial control and engineering cybernetics in teaching has important theoretical and practical application value. PID control is one of the earliest developed control strategy, because its algorithm is simple and good robustness and high reliability, is widely used in industrial process control, especially suitable for to establish accurate mathematical model of control system. The purpose of this paper is to give full play to the characteristics of genetic algorithm, improve the quality of the PID control system design and control. First USES the experimental modeling method, the mathematical model of three water was deduced, and then according to the above model applied in the three water two kinds of PID control strategy: PID control based on adaptive genetic algorithm based on adaptive genetic algorithm (ga) and improve fast PID control algorithm. For two kinds of PID control strategy, the key lies in how to optimize the controller parameters, in this paper adopts the genetic algorithm is a new type of optimization search method, simulation research results show that the improved algorithm can significantly improve the system dynamic and static performance, can obtain ideal control effect.

Three water is a typical nonlinear, time delay object, much of the controlled object in industrial whole or partial can be abstracted as the mathematical model of three water, has a strong representative, has the strong industry background, the establishment of the mathematical model of three water makes sense, the study of it can cover the control strategy of the research, the study of complex nonlinear systems, integrated multiple disciplines of basic research, etc. Through the water tank of liquid level control system experiment, the user can in addition to knowledge of control theory, computer, instrumentation and modern control technology, can be familiar with production process, understand it from the Angle of the control of static and dynamic performance, can also complete the classical control theory research and teaching experiment, can also design and debug controller, artificial intelligence, intelligent control algorithm is studied and the experimental teaching.

It is significant to develop applied experiment device and experiment content which combines theory and practice to improve experiment level of course teaching. The method of model building and several control algorithms of Three Tank Wanter

Control System(TTWCS) is introduced and studied in this thesis,satisfying the need of Control Theory & English laboratory construction.TTWCS,as a process control experiment device,has a powerful experiment function. It can not only serve as SISO subjects of first-order,second-order,third-order and nonlinear two inputs and two outputs subjects,but also can serve as a multiple function experiment device to testify many kinds of algorithms.

The thesis specifies the handware structure, the work theory of various subjects and the characteristic of the components of the independent designed TTWCS as a whole. The thesis presents the real setting scheme;The thesis introduces the software platform of the device.And it recommends the method of selecting the sample time of the system and it also shows the form selection method and software solvement of the pulse to drive the step-motor.

For the nonlinearities of the input water and the leak valve,the thesis discusses and analyses them in detail.It gives linear equations and a nonlinear compensation algorithm which is used in the application and gives models of the componets of the device.Based on all of these,it discusses the identification problem of time-delay parameter and gives a robust identification algorithm used in reslity.

Finally,the thesis discusses and studies the theory of PID control algorithm of water process control system. Based on this, it also studies fuzzy PID control algorithm and decoupling control algorithm of in the two inputs and two outputs system. Simulation and experiment prove effectiveness of algorithms. Furthermore the model and algorithms mentioned in the thesis have been put into teaching and satisfying results were obtained.

可编程控制器(Programmable Controller)是计算机家族中的一员，是为工业控制应用而设计制造的。早期的可编程控制器称作可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller)，简称PLC，它主要用来代替继电器实现逻辑控制。随着技术的发展，这种装置的功能已经大大超过了逻辑控制的范围，因此，今天这种装置称作可编程控制器，简称PC。但是为了避免与个人计算机(Personal Computer)的简称混淆，所以将可编程控制器简称PLC, PLC自1966年出现，美国，日本，德国的可编程控制器质量优良，功能强大。

基于PLC的液位控制系统可以很好的满足工业中的液位控制系统的要求，为控制带来便捷与准确，在现在讲求效率的社会里具有重要的实用价值。在以前的工业中，液位控制的实现方法莫过于人为的去看然后去调，或者通过固定的液位开关，当液位达到一定的高度后液位开关自动闭合或断开来控制液位的。随着自动化不断地发展，在工业中很多时候需要我们连续的去控制液位，时刻的去观察液位的高度，而且越来越多的时候需要在计算机上进行监测液位和控制液位，这就是本设计的目的。

液位是过程控制中的一项重要参数，他对生产的影响不容忽视。为了保证安全生产以及产品的质量和数量，对液位进行及时有效地控制是非常必要的。水箱液位控制是液位控制系统中的一个重要问题，它在工业过程中普遍存在，具有代表性而且非常典型实用。

PLC在工业自动化中应用的十分广泛。PID控制经过很长时间的发展，已经成为工业中重要的控制手段。本设计就是基于PLC的PID算法对液位进行控制。PLC经传感电路进行液位高度的采集，然后经过自动调节方式来确定

完PID参数后，通过控制直流泵的工作时间来实现液位的控制。MCGS(监视与控制通用系统)是用于快速构造上位机监控系统的组态软件系统，系统的监测环节就是通过MCGS来设计的。这样我们就可以通过组态画面对液位高度和泵的起停情况进行监测，而且可以对PLC进行启动、停止、液位高度设置等控制。整个系统运行稳定、简单实用，MCGS与PLC通信流畅。

过程控制是指对温度、压力、流量等模拟量的闭环控制。作为工业控制计算机，PLC能编制各种各样的控制算法程序，完成闭环控制。PID调节是一般闭环控制系统中用得较多的调节方法。大中型PLC都有PID模块，目前许多小型PLC 也具有此功能模块。PID处理一般是运行专用的PID子程序。过程控制在冶金、化工、热处理、锅炉控制等场合有非常广泛的应用。

目前，多数过程控制系统仍采用PID控制策略，这是因为这种控制具有直观、实现简易和鲁棒性能良好等一系列优点。液位控制系统是过程控制的重要研究模型，对液位控制系统的研究具有显著的理论和实际意义。但是由于液位控制系统中的液位具有大滞后、出水阀口的非线性、数学模型。

[1]难以准确建立等特点，采用常规的增量式PID算法难以获得满意的控制效果。为了满足实际要求，

人们自然地寻求其它更好的控制方法。目前，人们已经把智能PID算法引入了控制领域。本文论述了进行液位控制系统设计时，采用智能PID算法优化设计，系统可根据运行的情况自动对PID参数进行实时动态整定，且由于它不依赖于系统的数学模型，对系统的参数变化也不敏感，因此更能

[2]适用现场各种难以预料的情况，从而能较好地满足系统的要求。

本控制系统属于计算机监督控制系统(SCC)。计算机通过对液位控制系统中的控制对象离散采样，运用智能PID控制算法控制执行机构输出，从而实现对液位系统的恒定液位控制。

在工业控制对象中，液位系统是典型的一阶系统，时间常数比较大，有一定时延。为此系统采用智能PID控制策略，改善系统的动态响应过程。并使用Microsoft Visual C++及MFC类库编写了运行于Windows NT/2000下的Win32控制程序。软件的标准化体现在模块化的设计，符合工业标准的人机界面以及良好的代码可扩充性、可重用性。

针对自己开发的液位控制系统参数难以调整的问题，本文提出了一种智能PID的液位控制方法。智能PID控制算法是在常规PID控制算法的基础上，根据前人和专家的经验以及操作人员的实际经验，针对具有大滞后、时变、非线性系统对象而提出的控制算法。该算法是分段进行调节的，它既有较好的快速性，又有迟滞（死区）控制的稳定性和抗干扰能力。实验结果表明：这种控制方法不仅简单、精度高，而且具有一定的实用价值。三容水箱系统是工业过程控制中许多被控对象的典型抽象模型，在非线性、大惯性过程控制研究应用中具有广泛代表性。近年来国内外许多学者对三容水箱系统的建模方法、控制算法及故障诊断等方面进行了探讨。进一步研究三容水箱系统的控制算法并构建现代实验教学系统，在工业控制领域和工程控制论教学中都具有较为重要的理论和实际应用价值。PID控制是最早发展起来的控制策略之一，由于其算法简单、鲁棒性好和可靠性高，被广泛应用于工业过程控制，尤其适用于可建立精确数学模型的确定性控制系统。本文旨在充分发挥遗传算法的特点，提高PID控制系统设计和控制品质。首先采用实验建模法推导了三容水箱的数学模型，然后根据上述模型在三容水箱中应用了两种PID控制策略：基于自适应遗传算法的PID控制和基于自

适应遗传算法的改进快速PID控制算法。对于两种PID控制策略来说，最关键的部分在于如何优化控制器参数，在文中采用了遗传算法这一新型的优化搜索方法，仿真研究结果表明，改进算法能够明显改善系统的动、静态性能，可获得较为理想的控制效果。

三容水箱系统是工业过程控制中许多被控对象的典型抽象模型，在非线性、大惯性过程控制研究应用中具有广泛代表性。近年来国内外许多学者对三容水箱系统的建模方法、控制算法及故障诊断等方面进行了探讨。进一步研究三容水箱系统的控制算法并构建现代实验教学系统，在工业控制领域和工程控制论教学中都具有较为重要的理论和实际应用价值。PID控制是最早发展起来的控制策略之一，由于其算法简单、鲁棒性好和可靠性高，被广泛应用于工业过程控制，尤其适用于可建立精确数学模型的确定性控制系统。本文旨在充分发挥遗传算法的特点，提高PID控制系统设计和控制品质。首先采用实验建模法推导了三容水箱的数学模型，然后根据上述模型在三容水箱中应用了两种PID控制策略：基于自适应遗传算法的PID控制和基于自适应遗传算法的改进快速PID控制算法。对于两种PID控制策略来说，最关键的部分在于如何优化控制器参数，在文中采用了遗传算法这一新型的优化搜索方法，仿真研究结果表明，改进算法能够明显改善系统的动、静态性能，可获得较为理想的控制效果。

三容水箱是较为典型的非线性、时延对象，工业上许多被控对象的整体或局部都可以抽象成三容水箱的数学模型，具有很强的代表性，有较强的工业背景，对三容水箱数学模型的建立是非常有意义的，针对它的研究可涵盖控制策略的研究、复杂非线性系统的研究、综合多个学科的基础性研究等。通过水箱液位的控制系统实验，用户除可以掌握控制理论、计算机、仪器仪表知识和现代控制技术之外，可以熟悉生产过程的工艺流程，从控制的角度理解它的静态和动态工作特性，也可以完成经典控制理论的研究和教学实验，还可以设计与调试人工智能控制器，，进行智能控制算法的研究与实验教学。

它具有适应性强、开放性好、易于扩展、经济、开发周期短等优点。通常可以把这样的系统划分为控制层、监控层、管理层三个层次结构。其中监控层对下连接控制层，对上连接管理层，它不但实现对现场的实时监测与控制，且在自动控制系统中完成上传下达、组态开发的重要作用。尤其考虑三方面问题：画面、数据、动画。通过对监控系统要求及实现功能的分析，采用组态王对监控系统进行设计。组态软件也为试验者提供了可视化监控画面，有利于试验者实时现场监控。而且，它能充分利用Windows的图形编辑功能，方便地构成监控画面，并以动画方式显示控制设备的状态，具有报警窗口、实时趋势曲线等，可便利的生成各种报表。它还具有丰富的设备驱动程序和灵活的组态方式、数据链接功能。

重要的是开发应用实验设备和实验内容相结合理论和实践来提高实验课程教学的水平。模型建立的方法和几种控制算法的三个柜要控制系统(TTWCS)介绍和研究论文,满意控制理论与英语实验室建设的需要。TTWCS作为过程控制实验装置,具有一个强大的实验功能。它不仅可以作为SISO的一阶,二阶,三阶非线性两个输入和两个输出对象,但也可以作为多个功能实验设备作证多种算法。

论文指定五金制品结构、工作原理的各种主题和独立的组件的特点设计TTWCS作为一个整体。论文介绍了真正的设置方案,论文介绍了软件平台的设备。,推荐系统的方法选择样本的时间同时也显示了形式的选择方法和软件solvement脉冲驱动步进电机。

非线性的输入和泄漏水阀,本文对此进行了详细的讨论和分析。它给线性方

程组和非线性补偿算法用于该设备的应用程序并给出模型的构成要件。所有这些的基础上,讨论了时滞参数的识别问题,能让一个健壮的识别算法。

最后,本文讨论和研究理论的水处理控制系统的PID控制算法。在此基础上,还研究模糊PID控制算法及解耦控制算法在两个输入和两个输出系统。仿真和组态王的运用以及实验证明了算法的有效性。另外在论文中提到的模型和算法已经投入教学,取得了令人满意的结果。

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外文翻译

Load and Ultimate Moment of Prestressed Concrete Action Under Overload-Cracking Load It has been shown that a variation in the external load acting on a prestressed beam results in a change in the location of the pressure line for beams in the elastic range.This is a fundamental principle of prestressed construction.In a normal prestressed beam,this shift in the location of the pressure line continues at a relatively uniform rate,as the external load is increased,to the point where cracks develop in the tension fiber.After the cracking load has been exceeded,the rate of movement in the pressure line decreases as additional load is applied,and a significant increase in the stress in the prestressing tendon and the resultant concrete force begins to take place.This change in the action of the internal moment continues until all movement of the pressure line ceases.The moment caused by loads that are applied thereafter is offset entirely by a corresponding and proportional change in the internal forces,just as in reinforced-concrete construction.This fact,that the load in the elastic range and the plastic range is carried by actions that are fundamentally different,is very significant and renders strength computations essential for all designs in order to ensure that adequate safety factors exist.This is true even though the stresses in the elastic range may conform to a recognized elastic design criterion. It should be noted that the load deflection curve is close to a straight line up to the cracking load and that the curve becomes progressively more curved as the load is increased above the cracking load.The curvature of the load-deflection curve for loads over the cracking load is due to the change in the basic internal resisting moment action that counteracts the applied loads,as described above,as well as to plastic strains that begin to take place in the steel and the concrete when stressed to high levels. In some structures it may be essential that the flexural members remain crack free even under significant overloads.This may be due to the structures’being exposed to exceptionally corrosive atmospheres during their useful life.In designing prestressed members to be used in special structures of this type,it may be necessary to compute the load that causes cracking of the tensile flange,in order to ensure that adequate safety against cracking is provided by the design.The computation of the moment that will cause cracking is also necessary to ensure compliance with some design criteria. Many tests have demonstrated that the load-deflection curves of prestressed beams are approximately linear up to and slightly in excess of the load that causes the first cracks in the tensile flange.(The linearity is a function of the rate at which the load is applied.)For this reason,normal elastic-design relationships can be used in computing the cracking load by simply determining the load that results in a net tensile stress in the tensile flange(prestress minus the effects of the applied loads)that is equal to the tensile strength of the concrete.It is customary to assume that the flexural tensile strength of the concrete is equal to the modulus of rupture of the

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工业设计外文翻译

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外文翻译

Journal of Industrial Textiles https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d08166765.html,/ Optimization of Parameters for the Production of Needlepunched Nonwoven Geotextiles Amit Rawal, Subhash Anand and Tahir Shah 2008 37: 341Journal of Industrial Textiles DOI: 10.1177/1528083707081594 The online version of this article can be found at: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d08166765.html,/content/37/4/341 Published by: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d08166765.html, can be found at:Journal of Industrial TextilesAdditional services and information for https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d08166765.html,/cgi/alertsEmail Alerts: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d08166765.html,/subscriptionsSubscriptions: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d08166765.html,/journalsReprints.navReprints: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d08166765.html,/journalsPermissions.navPermissions: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d08166765.html,/content/37/4/341.refs.htmlCitations: - Mar 28, 2008Version of Record >>

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(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文翻译原文：

DESIGN and ENVIRONMENT Product design is the principal part and kernel of industrial design. Product design gives uses pleasure. A good design can bring hope and create new lifestyle to human. In spscificity,products are only outcomes of factory such as mechanical and electrical products,costume and so on.In generality,anything,whatever it is tangibile or intangible,that can be provided for a market,can be weighed with value by customers, and can satisfy a need or desire,can be entiled as products. Innovative design has come into human life. It makes product looking brand-new and brings new aesthetic feeling and attraction that are different from traditional products. Enterprose tend to renovate idea of product design because of change of consumer's lifestyle , emphasis on individuation and self-expression,market competition and requirement of individuation of product. Product design includes factors of society ,economy, techology and leterae humaniores. Tasks of product design includes styling, color, face processing and selection of material and optimization of human-machine interface. Design is a kind of thinking of lifestyle.Product and design conception can guide human lifestyle . In reverse , lifestyle also manipulates orientation and development of product from thinking layer.

外文翻译中文版(完整版)

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本科毕业设计（论文） ( 2012届) （外文翻译） 题目： 学院:__________ ____________ 专业:_________ 市场营销_____________ 班级:_________ ___________ 姓名:___________ ______________ 学号:________ __________ 指导老师:___________ ___________

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