初中现在完成时讲解

现在完成时

一．现在完成时概念: 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

2.表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

二．现在完成时结构：have / has + 过去分词

现在完成时被动语态结构：have+been+过去分词

（而被动语态结构：be+过去分词,完成时中be 变成了been）

He has been taught English for five year

过去分词的规则变化

(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work—worked—worked

(2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live—lived—lived

(3)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。cry—cried—cried

(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop—stopped—stopped ,

过去分词的不规则变化

AAA型cost cost cost ；cut cut cut

AAB型beat beat beaten

ABA型run ran run；come came come ；become became become

ABB型buy bought bought；build built built

ABC型begin began begun；choose chose chosen

三．现在完成时句型

句型结构例句

肯定句主语＋have ／has ＋过去分词She has lost her books

否定句主语+have/has+not＋过去分词

主语+ have/ has + never＋过去分词I haven't finished my homework yet．I have never seen him before．

一般疑问句Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词？—Have you ever been abroad ？

—Yes, I have ；No，I haven’t / never．注意：缩写式——have → ’ve ；has→ ’s

四、现在完成时的用法

1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与时间副词

already已经，yet还、已经，just刚刚，ever曾经，never从不，before以前等连用。already，just用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never用于疑问句和否定句中。

例：I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。（结果是灯已经关上了）She has lost her bike.她把自行车丢了。（影响是他现在没有自行车骑了）

The rain has stopped now.雨已经停了。（结果是我们可以出门了）

I have already read the book.我已读过这本书了。（结果是已知道这本书的内容）

She has had a good education.她受到过良好的教育。（影响是她文化水平高，有修养）

2：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

是持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）。

此时常与“for ＋时间段或“since＋时间点或从句（从句用一般过去时）”

及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。

练习题. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空

1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.

3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”

5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”

答案：1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already

五．区别：

1.for + 时间段如ten years, a while, two days等——“长达”

since + 时间点如：1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there等——“自从”……

I have known him for three years.

I have worked here since 2012.

2. already 和yet 的区别

already 肯定句“已经”句中，句末

yet 否定句“还”；疑问句“已经”句末

He has come back from Shaghai already.

He hasn’t come here yet 。 Has he come here yet ？ already 也可用在疑问句中,常暗示说话人的惊奇，意外表“已经...(吗)?”

Have you eaten your dinner already?你已经吃饭了吗?

have been to 曾经去过某地（人现在已回来)

显著标志：ener ,never ,twice ,three times ,before.

have gone to 去了某地（人现在还没回来）

显著标志：类似以下的句子时，要用have gone to

He will come back next week He isn’t here/there/at home

l .注意一般用 have gone to 的大都是第三人称

2.注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to 这四个地点副词是here ,there , home ,abroad

I have gone to Shengzhen

have been in 已经在某地（待了多久）

4. ever 曾经———疑问句 Have you ever been to Australia?

never 从不———陈述句 I have never travelled by air 。

5. 在现在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表：

或用

例句：1.He has been away from here for 6 days / since 6 days ago. 他离开这儿已经六天了。 have/has 短暂性动词 延续性动词for (two years)/since(1990) gone to…去 been in / at … come to…来 been here left…离开 been away from… arrived…到达 been in… died 死 been dead begun 开始 been on ended 结束 been over bought...买 had… borrowed…借 kept… It is / has been + (多久)+ since +主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+…+过去时间状语

2. His father has been dead for 3 years / since 3 years ago. 他父亲死了3年了。

=It’s 3 years since his father died. = His father died 3 years ago.

练习：用现在完成时改写。

1. They came to our school in 1980.

They ____ ____ ____ our school since 1980.

2. The man died five years ago.

The man ____ ____ ____ for five years.

3. The meeting began two minutes ago.

The meeting ____ ____ ____ for two minutes.

4. We borrowed two books last week.

We ____ ____ the two books for a week.

5. When did the train arrive here?

How long ____ the train ____ here?

初中现在完成时态讲解带练习知识讲解

初中现在完成时态讲 解带练习

一.现在完成时的含义及用法 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式： 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式： 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1.你已经找到你的书了吗? 2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3.Judy还没到达.

4.你吃过早饭了吗? 用法② 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子 ①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years. ②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. ③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month . ④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. ⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long ti me . ⑥She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee ____ years. ⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. 二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in“呆在某处一段时间了” 三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词

【英语】初中英语过去完成时试题(有答案和解析)及解析

【英语】初中英语过去完成时试题(有答案和解析)及解析 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．——Jim, did you take out the trash just now? ——No. By the time I came home it . A. have been taken out B. had taken out C. had been taken out 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】take out拿出，带出，by the time直到，came home是过去时，扔垃圾是发生在came之前的动作，过去完成时表示的是过去的过去。又有be+动词过去分词构成被动语态。had been+过去分词，含有被动语态的过去完成时。句意：Jim，刚才是你把垃圾扔了吗？不，我回来的时候垃圾已经被扔了。故选C。 【点评】考查被动语态及过去完成时的用法。 2．—Peter, _______ you _______ your homework? —Not yet, I'll do it at once. A. have; finished B. Did; finish C. Will; finish 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——皮特，你完成作业了吗？——还没有，我马上做。根据Not yet, I'll do it at once.可知此处问你的作业完成了吗，所以句子时态用现在完成时，现在完成时的结构have+done，故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子时态。要根据上下文的联系确定句子时态。 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city.

初中现在完成时练习题及答案

现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时由助动词have\has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have。 I have been in Shenzhen for seven years. Lily hasn’t been to America before. 2.现在完成时的用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 3.常和现在完成时连用的时间状语： already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never，since，for等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 She has been an independent girl since her father passed away. 自从父亲去世后，这女孩就变得独立了。 Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经10年了。 4.现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。 否定句：在have\has后加not 结构：主语+has\have+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Has\Have提到主语前，其他照写。结构：Have\Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 注意：肯定句中如有some\and，在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成any\or，即 some-any and-or

过去完成时用法详解

过去完成时用法小结 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。 4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...（刚…就…）, no sooner...than... （刚…就…）, It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

初中英语现在完成时详解

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①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill?for three days. I have lived here?since 1998. 注意： since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。3、表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago. 5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。

初中过去完成时讲解教案资料

过去完成时定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before，by the time +从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

过去完成时讲解

过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。 如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。 如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left.

初中英语现在完成时讲解学案

完成时态 1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 E.g： Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework now. ②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 E.g.:： I have lived here since 1990. 2. 现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词 3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 否定句He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t. 特殊疑问句What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时 (1)九词语 ①already已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾

I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? ③ever曾经句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas? ④never从不句中 e.g.： I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中 e.g.： I have just done my work. ⑥before以前句尾 e.g.： I have never been there before. ⑦so far到目前为止 e.g.： So far he has learnt 200 words. ⑧how long多久 e.g.： How long have you lived here? ⑨how many times多少次 e.g.： How many times has he been to Beijing? (2)两词组 havegone to去了某地 e.g.： He has gone to Beijing (去了北京) havebeen to去过某地

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定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的

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I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志，无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣，我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握：以前（before）从来不（never）出现，最近（recently）曾经（ever）一两遍（once/twice/many times…）, 自从（since+时间点）刚刚（just）for一段（for+一段），至今（so far/up to now）已经（already/yet）很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中，教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及（since/for）的区别着重分章节讲解，让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中，我们可以看到：“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括”现在“在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如： I have known Bob for three years. They have lived here since 1996. She has taught us since I came to this school. 但在实际的语言运用过程当中，有很多的非延续性动词也有需要用于“过去已经发生对现在有影响”这一时态用法中，比如“我买这台自

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初中现在完成时练习题

a t i t h e i r 现在完成时练习题一，完成句子 1. I have done my homework. 否定句： I ________ _________ my homework.一般疑问：_________ you ________ your homework? Yes, I ________. No, I _________. 2，She has seen the movie before. 否定句： She ________ _________ the movie.一般疑问：________ she _______ the movie? Yes, she ________. No, she ________.2.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.I ________ already ________ the book. (read) 2. He _____ just ______ (finish ）his homework. 3. She _____ ______(not play) soccer yet. 4. Mom _____ ever ______（visit ）Jinan before.5 They ____never ____ (be) to Jinan. 6 So far we __________(learn)1000 words. 7 In the past five years my hometown________(change)a lot.8 Tom ______(seen ）the movie twice. 三，用has/have been to 和 has/have gone to 填空 Have/has been to--- 曾经去过某地（已回） Have/has gone to---去了某地 ( 至今未回 ） 有ever 、 never 和表示次数的词时用have been to 1. I like the Great Wall. I _________________ three times. 2.He ______ ever ______ _____ Beijing. 3. He doesn’t like the place. He _____ nerer ______ there. 4.---Where’s your father? –He _______ Jinan. 5 Jim isn’t at school.She is ill. He ________ the hospital.四，用since 和for 填空 ______ two years _______ two years ago _______ last month ______ 1999 _______ yesterday _______ 4 o’clock ______ 4 hours _______ an hour ago _______ we were children 1. I have kept the book _______ a week , I must return it on time . 2. We have learned English ______ 5 years ago, so we have learned it ______ 5 years. 3. Miss Li has taught maths ________ she came to this school .. 4. I have had a cold _______ yesterday. 5. The workers have worked _______ 10 hours . They are very tired. 6. Great changes have taken place in China ______ it was founded. 7. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 8. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years. 9.It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.五，单项选择1、（2016?永州）-___you ever ___to the Great Wall ？-Yes ，Three times ．（ ） A ．Has ，been B ．Have ，been C ．Have ，gone

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