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南京师范大学875语言学与对外汉语教学理论2018年考研真题试卷

南京师范大学875语言学与对外汉语教学理论2018年考研真题试卷

南京师范大学2018年考研专业课真题试卷

2018年考研英语(一)真题答案与解析【凯程首发】

2018年考研英语(一)参考答案【凯程首发】 刚刚考完,凯程的电话瞬间变成了热线,学员兴奋地汇报他们的考试情况,提到了英语考试,都是在集训营训练的过的内容。凯程近1-2天发布真题解析视频,凯程艾老师预祝同学们考试顺利。 1.选C,for a condition for表对象,意思是“是…的条件” 2.选A,faith faith此处同义替换trust 3.选D,price carry a high price表示可能会付出很大的代价,线索为wrong place 4.选B,then 承上启下句,“那么,为什么要去信任他人呢?” 5.选D,when 并无转折,是简单的时间状语从句 6.选B,produces 与后面的trigger同意替换,产生愉悦的感觉 7.选C,connect 人之间的关系、联系用connect, 8.选D,to to表方向,暴露在这种荷尔蒙(作用)下 9.选B,mood in a mood固定搭配,心情心境 10.选A,counterparts 物主代词+counterpart固定的搭配,表示相对应的人或物 11.选B,Lucky 从a six sense for dishonesty逻辑知道,11空为褒义词,12空也是褒义词 12.选B,protect 同11,且与主题,信任相关 13.选A,between

differentiate between在两者间区分,用between 14.选C,introduced 从后文tester would ask知道tester是人,实验人员,所以选“介绍” 15.选D,inside 同意替换上文look into the container 16.选A,discovered 同意替换found 17.选C,fooled 语义上来看,既然作出惊喜表情,盒子里面却空无一物,显然是“欺骗,wrong错怪,mock取笑,betray背叛都不合文义。此外下一段t出现了trick,是fool的同意替换18.选B,willing 没有被欺骗,所以“愿意”合作;willing与hesitant是唯一一组正反选项 19选A,in contrast, 作者要证明连小孩子都会用第六感来保护自己,所以最后的这个例子一定是第二组被欺骗的小孩子们的反应,语意上看,应该选in contrast,对比逻辑 20.选C,unreliable 由于欺骗了他们,所以实验人员是”不可信的”,此外unreliable与原文焦点相关。 阅读 21.选D,middle-class workers 简单细节定位题,并无同义替换。第二段But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice,software engineering—have aroused their interest,or soon will. 再次印证了but的重要性。 22.选C,Issues arising from automation need to be tackled 主旨题,文章以发现问题-解决问题的逻辑撰写,主旨在于应对人工智能带来的负面影响,让受影响的人做好充分准备。A,B,D中的groundless,little support和avoid都涉及极端表述,无依据。 23.选A,creative potential 简单定位题,第四段…focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication

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英语语言学试题(1) I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.

2018年全国一卷英语试题答案解析

2018年全国一卷试题答案解析 A篇: 21.A由题目中的book in advance可对应第一段最后reserve your spot before availability可推知答案。reserve→预订,出现在2016年全国三卷语法填空中。 22.D由题目可定位到文章第三段原文“entertain you with the most interesting stories”可知答案。 23.D由bicycle tour可定位到文章最后一段provide v.提供(八年级下册unit3)由文 章最后两句,可知答案。 B篇: 24.B由文章第一段but后可知,这是题目的答案“but she is cooking up storm in her latest role”但是她正在烹饪在她最新的角色中。latest最新的(七年级上册)late迟的,晚的→latest adj.最新的。 25.C.由题目定位到第二段“with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste.”厨师Matt Tebbutt帮忙提供好的建议关于怎样减少食物浪费。 C选项“Matt”在做饭问题上给susanna提供帮助。 26.由第四段可知,在这里由8部分组成的系列节目中susanna主持.save money:good food.这个节目是紧跟着ITV’s save money:good heal+n这个节目的,交代了Good Food这一部分产生的背景。 27.文章多次体现出文章的主旨:1.第一段最后:how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budgetc预算,济源市高三二模完形填空发现。2.susanna 主持的节目Save Money。3.最后一段中的on a budget,less expensive。 干扰项C:让你自己成为一个完美的厨师,有些片面,文章主旨是在有限的预算下, 做出同样美味的食物。 C篇: 28.B:由hunter-gatherer times定位到文章第一段第三行“devdoped their own patterns of speech independent of each other代出他们自己的独立于别人的语言类型”及最后一句“they spoke perhaps 12000 languages between them”他们彼此之间讲 说的语大概12000种。

2018年考研英语一真题及答案

2018年考研英语一真题及答案 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析:19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析:19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析:19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析:19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24

的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析:19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 译文】莎士比亚出生之时,欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝,在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下,很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。 (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England. 【题目考点】定语从句;宾语从句;并列结构 【句子结构】主句主干:no boy…could be ignorant that…。who引导的定语从句修饰boy,that引导为形容词ignorant的宾语从句,which引导的定语从句修饰a form of literature,gave…and might bring honor…为先行词a form of literature的并列谓语结构。 【重点词汇】grammar school 文法学校ignorant忽视literature文学glory 荣耀 【参考译文】任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式,它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀,也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。

2021复旦大学英语语言文学考研参考书真题经验

复旦大学 英语语言文学考研经验

从决定考研开始就一直查各种资料和各种考验心得,经常在high研看师哥师姐们的热血经历,也得到了很多师哥师姐们的帮助,在这里先谢谢大家了。 我准备考研比较早,元旦左右就开始了,因为大三课比较多,所以前期复习时间较短,速度有点慢,因此,如果大家已经有目标,建议越早开始越好The early bird catches the worm! 政治: 暑假开始复习政治,一直到最后都是跟着肖秀荣老师的书在走,1000题很重要,可以抓很多细节性的知识,建议不要在书上直接写,方便后期反复利用。暑假期间可以先看去年大纲,大概有个印象,最后冲刺时四八套题一定要好好背,今年肖老师大题基本都中了。政治最好每天都分配一定的时间,这一科记得快忘的也快。 考研政治每门课都是一个庞大的体系,有着大量的内容。因此需要建构每门课的大体系框架,通过一个框架把整门课连接起来,背李凡政治新时器就够了。以中国近现代史纲要为例,以时间顺序可以把中国近现代史纲要分为两部分,即以1949年10月为分界限的中国近代史和中国现代史。 中国近代史又可分为两部分,即以“五四运动”为界限的旧民主主义运动和新民主主义运动两部分。在这两个阶段有一条非常明显的主线:列强对中国的侵略和中华民族各个阶层为了中国的独立所做出的努力。 根据这条主线旧民主主义运动又可以分为几个部分,即地主阶级、资产阶级维新派、资产阶级革命派、农民阶级做出的尝试,分别是“洋务运动”“戊戌变法”“辛亥革命”“太平天国运动”和“义和团运动”。“五四运动”后的新民主主义运动也可根据主线分为几个阶段,即第一次国内革命战争时期,国共十年对峙时期,抗日战争时期,解放战争时期。 中国现代史就是新中国的建设史,可以根据这条主线分为几个阶段,即1949~1956年的过渡时期,1956~1966年的社会主义建设时期,1966~1976年的“十年文革”时期,1976以后的社会主义建设新时期。 二外法语: 本科学校教材是新大学法语,我复习用过的资料有:考研必备,二外法语考研综合(肖红),和圣才出版的名校历年二外真题,不过这些书提供的答案有些

2018年英语试卷及答案

SectionⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered b lank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things t hat will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. T he new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people wil l 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Ch icago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness t o 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. Fo r one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens w ould 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another tw enty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7 left alone in th e room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them cli cked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew t hat would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 ne

2018年考研英语(二)真题答案解析

2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题答案详解Section I Use of English 命题分析: 本文介绍了好奇心给人们带来的负面影响。文章难度不大,常考的总分结构、词汇与搭配辨析和逻辑关系(指代、并列、转折、列举等)再次成为考点。部分段落里的长难句也在提醒考生要有基本的语法功底。另外,本文多次出现语义的重复,对解题也有极大的帮助。 译文识词: 人们为什么浏览网络上的负面(negative)评论,并且做其他明显会痛苦的事情呢?根据《心理科学》上发表的一项最新研究可知,因为人们都有(1)解决不确定性的内在(inherent)需要。这项新研究揭示(reveal):渴望了解的需求如此强烈以至于人们会(2)设法满足自己的好奇心(curiosity),即使答案很明显会(3)令人痛苦。 在一系列(series)(分四项)实验中,芝加哥大学和威斯康星商学院的行为科学家测试了学生们为了满足好奇心而让自己(4)接触令人不悦的刺激物的意愿。在一项(5)试验中,每位参与者都会看到一堆笔,研究人员声称(claim)它们来自以前的(previous)一项实验。出现的转变(twist)是?按下(click)时,有一半的笔会(6)给予一次电击。 27 名学生被告知哪些笔带电,另外27 名学生却被告知有些笔带电。被单独留在房间里(7)时,不知道哪些笔会使自己受到电击的学生会比知道会(8)发生何事的学生按下更多的笔并遭受(incur)更多的电击。随后的(subsequent)几次实验中,使用其他刺激物重现了(reproduce)该结果,(9)例如,指甲刮黑板的声音和令人厌恶的昆虫图片。 芝加哥大学的奚恺元,即这篇论文的合著者,表示(10)探索的动力在人类体内根深蒂固,与对(11)食物或住处(shelter)的基本动力几乎相同。好奇心经常被认为是一种好的本能(instinct)——例如,它能(12)带来新的科学进步——但有时候这种(13)探究可能会适得其反。好奇心会驱使你做(14)自我毁灭 的事情,这种洞察力(insight)是真知灼见(a profound one)。 然而,病态的好奇心是有可能(15)按耐住的。在最后一项实验中,有些参与者被鼓励去(16)预测自己浏览令人不悦的图片之后的感受,他们(17)选择观看此类图片的可能性(likely)较小。这些研究结果表明,依据好奇心提前(ahead of time)想象随后发生的(18)结果,有助于决定(determine)它(19)是否值得付出努力。奚恺元说道:“考虑长期(20)后果是减少好奇心可能带来的负面影响的关键。”换而言之 (in other words),不要浏览网络评论。 1、【答案】[B] 【解析】动词辨析题。空格前的句子提出问题“人们为什么浏览网络上的负面评论,并且做其他明显会痛苦的事情呢?”,而空格所在句给出原因“因为人们都有不确定性的内在需要”,因此,空格处所填动词应与名词uncertainty 搭配使用,且表示出这种内在需要能够促使人们做出前一句中提到的行为。备选项中只有resolve 和uncertainty 搭配才符合句意,即因为人们想要解决不确定性,所以这种好奇心会促使人们为了寻求答案而去浏览网络上的负面评论并做一些明显会痛苦的事情,故答案为B。 2、【答案】[D] 【解析】动词辨析题。空格为与so...that...引导的结果状语从句中,结合空格前后的内容可知,人们渴望了解的需求如此强烈,所导致的结果应该是人们要满足自己的好奇心,故空格处应填入表示“肯定”含义的单词。seek 表示“设法,试图”,最符合文意,故D 为答案。 3、【答案】[A] 【解析】动词辨析题。空格为于even when 引导的时间状语从句中,此处even 表示让步关系,强调即使答案很明显会,人们依旧会去满足自己的好奇心;结合第一句可知,空格处应填入一个与negative 和 painful 意思相近的单词。备选项中,只有hurt“令人痛苦,使人伤心”符合要求,故A 为答案。

英语专业考研 语言学复习题附答案

英语专业考研语言学复习题附答案 Chapter I Introduction I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. 3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 14. Social changes can often bring about language changes. 15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. 16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. 18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 19 Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language. 20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure. II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 21. Ch omsky defines “ competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cf16598568.html,ngue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 23.D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless

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