英语 动词分类及练习 句子成分 词序

动词分类及练习

I.动词的种类(Kinds of Verbs)

物动词（The Intransitive Verb,缩写为vi.）。及物动词后面必须加宾语意义才完整。

一、实义动词

■①及物动词与不及物动词

特别注意：及物动词必须带宾语，不可单独作谓语；不及物动词可以单独作谓语，不可直接加宾语，跟宾语时必须加介词。

根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词Vt.和不及物动词vi.。

They study hard.

I know them well.

注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：

She sings very well.

She sang an English song just now.

英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。

Shall I begin at once?

She began working as a librarian after she left school.

When did they leave Chicago?They left last week.

■②动态动词和静态动词

动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。

■③延续性动词和非延续性动词

根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。

注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：[译]他离开这里三天了。

[误]He has left here for three days.

[正]He has been away from here for three days.

[正]He left here three days ago.

[正]It’s three days since he left.

■④限定动词与非限定动词

限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，也叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。

The room needs cleaning.

二、连系动词

系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。

1、Be：

He is a teacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）I am fine.

2、keep, rest, remain, stay,例如：

He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3、表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.

4、feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.

5、become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come, run.

He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.

6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，

The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. （turn out表终止性结果）7．使役动词：let,have,make 使，让…

Let /make somebody do sth

The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.

Make sb/sth adj.

The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.

Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事

Have sth done 让某物被做

My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.

有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如：

Look at the blackboard, pl ease.请看黑板。(l ook用作实义动词)

He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(l ook用作连系动词)

They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词)

They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时)

三、助动词

协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如：He doesn't like English.（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)

1、助动词be(is, am,are,was,were)，have(has, had, having)，d o(did,d oes). *d o(d oes, did) 的用法

（1）构成疑问句或否定句

(How) did you know ? He d oes not smoke.

（2）加强语气。

He did tell that.

Do come and see us.

（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。

-You like popular music, d on't you? -Yes , I d o.

He speaks French as fluently as she d oes.

（4）用于倒装句中。

Never did he pay attention to my words.

Only then did I und erstand the importance of English.

（5）构成否定的祈使句。

Don't be so careless.

Do not hesitate to come for help.

四、情态动词

Can,could,may,might, shill,should, will,would,need,dear,have to, ought to

II.句子的成分(Members of the sentence)

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、

〖检测拓展〗

一、分析下列句子成分

⒈The meeting begins at nine.

⒉I am a senior school student.

3.I wrote a passage last night.

4.The story touched me greatly.

5.He is a brave boy.

6.You must study hard.

二、识别下列句中的动词类别

1.The story sounds interesting.

2.He gave me three books.

3.He can swim.

4.I don’t like math.

动词的分类练习

动词的分类

1 实义动词意义完整，能独立作谓语，可分为及物动词与不及物动词。

1)及物动词要求跟宾语，可用被动结构。

①I (参观北京) last summer.

②Please (讨论这个问题) after class.

③Our school (成立于)five years ago.

④Can you (借我一本词典吗)？

⑤We (叫她) Lily.

⑥She (喜欢集邮).

2)不及物动词自身意思完整不需要宾语。

①Everything (生长) very quickly.

② A big fire (发生) last night in that city.

③Birds often （飞行）in the sky.

④Don't (担心我).

3)短语动词相当于实义动词。

①Soon Wu Dong up with Li Lei, they were neck and neck.

A.taught

B. caught

C.bought

D. brought

② Jack always runs faster than Peter, but this time he him.

A. went over

B. fell behind

C. put off

D. dropped off

③---Look! The bus is coming.----But there are too many people, we can't it.

A. get off

B. get down

C. get on

D.get up

④ I'm Helen. Have you seen her?

A.looking up

B.looking after

C.looking at

D.looking for

⑤ The radio is too noisy. Would you like to ?

A.turn it on

B. turn it over

C.turn it up

D.turn it down

⑥ We should every minute to improve ourselves.

A.make up

B.make use of

C.make of

D.make up of

4)易混淆的及物动词与不及物动词。

①I was about to go out when somebody (敲门).

②He (身亡) in the traffic accident.

③Mary （与...结婚）John next week.

④The students pretended to be reading when the teacher

( enter) the classroom.

⑤The train (arrive) the station late.

⑥Lei Feng always (为...服务) the people heart and soul.

⑦Great changes (take place) in my hometown in

these years.

⑧Go ahead, please! There is no need to (等我)

2 连系动词用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的性质、状态或身分等。

①表身份、状态或主语的性质。

---What is your father?----He (是位医生)

---What is he like? -----He (看起来很强壮)

---How is your grandmother? ----She (感觉好多了)

It that he is a millionaire.（他看上去是个百万富翁）

②表状态变化。用表示变化意义的系动词填空完成句子。

a. The weather warm in spring.

b. Trees green in spring.

c. My brother has a manager.

d. His mother ill last week.

e. Meat easily bad if it isn't put in the fridge for several days.

f. Your dream will true if you try your best.

③表结果意义。

a.English (证明是有用的).

b.The weather (结果很晴朗)

3 助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，须在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。

④He (write) to his parents now.

⑤I (cook)a meal at noon yesterday.

⑥English (speak) in the whole world.

⑦We (study) English for almost ten years.

⑧The plane (take off) when he got to the airport.

⑨What the boats (look) like?

⑩They (not prepare) for their exam.

4 情态动词本身具有意义，与动词原形连用，表示句子主语或说话者对动作或状态的各种情感或态度。

①The little girl sat there and (不敢) say anything.

②We (一定) have seen him before ,haven't we?

③(能够) you lend me your bike?

④They (可能不) stay in the classroom.

⑤Everyone (应该)respect their parents and teachers.

⑥You (不必) hand in your exercise books today.

III.陈述句中的词序

新概念英语二 Lesson 1

Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话

Why did the writer complain to the people behind him?

Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman

angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it.

I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.

‘It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. ‘This is a private conversation!'

New words and expressions 生词和短语

private adj. 私人的 conversation n. 谈话

theatre n. 剧场，戏院 seat n. 座位

play n. 戏 loudly adv. 大声地

angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地

attention n. 注意 actor. n男演员

turn. vi 转身 bear（bore, borne） v. 容忍business n. 事 rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地Note on the text 课文注释

1 go to the theatre, 去看戏。

2 get angry，生气。

3 turn round，转身，也可用turn around。

4 pay attention，注意。

5 I could not bear it. 我无法忍受。

其中的it是指上文中的那对男女大声说话又不理会作者的愤怒目光。

6 none of your business, 不关你的事。

参考译文

上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！”

“不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！”

Key structures 关键句型

Word Order in Simple Statements 简单陈述句的语序

a. 陈述句用来叙述一件事情。本段课文中的所有句子都是陈述句。每个句子包含着一个概念，告诉我们一件事情。凡是叙述一件事情的陈述句都是简单陈述句。

b. 陈述句的语序很重要，注意下面两个句子，每句话所用的单词相同，但句子所表达的意思不同：

The policeman arrested the thief.警察逮捕了小偷。

The thief arrested the policeman.小偷逮捕了警察。

c. 一个简单陈述句可以由6部分组成，但是并不是每个句子都有这么多组成部分。注意下表中句子的语序。第6栏（表示时间）可以放在句首或句尾。

Exercises 练习

A .在一张大纸上画出7栏，在前两行相应的栏内填入表中第1、2行的数字和关键词，将课文中其他句子也按统一形式抄入表内。

B.下列陈述句的词的语序不对。参照例句在表中重新排列各句的语序。

例句：I last year to America went.

The correct order is: I (who) went (action) to America (where) last year (when). Or: Last year I went to America.

1. The film I enjoyed yesterday.

2. The news listened to I carefully.

3. Well the man the piano played.

4. Games played yesterday in their room the children quietly.

5. Quietly the door he opened.

6. Immediately left he.

7. A tree in the corner of the garden he planted.

8. Before lunch the letter in his office quickly he read.

9. This morning a book I from the library borrowed.

10. The soup spoilt the cook.

11. We at home stay on Sundays.

12. There a lot of people are at the bus-stop.

13. The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.

14. She beautifully draws.

15. Music I like very much.

16. A new school built they in our village last year.

17. The match at four o’clock ended.

18.She a letter from her brother last week received.

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英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型 一、英语句子成分 根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下： 1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。如： It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。 Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。 The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。 2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。如： Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。 We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。 3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，形成英语独有的主系表结构。如： Be careful! 小心! All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。 He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。 4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。如： He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。 She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。 5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。如： He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。 I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。 I found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很难拒绝他。 6. 定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。如： It's an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。 Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗? Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁? 7. 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如： We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。 Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。 She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。 United we stand, divided we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。 8. 同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且后者对前者起解释说明的作用，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。如：This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。 We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。 Ms Wang, our English teacher, is our good friend. 王女士，即我们的英语老师，是我们的好朋友。 9. 独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。如： He's a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。 Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪，考试他竟然通过了。 二、英语简单句五种基本句式 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五种基本句式。这五种基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V 主谓结构 S十V十P 主系表结构 S十V十O 主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S=主语; V=谓语; P=表语; O=宾语; O1=间接宾语; O2=直接宾语; C=宾语补足语 五个基本句式详解如下： 1.S十V 句式 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi.)。例如： He runs quickly. 他跑得快。 They listened carefully. 他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger. 他挨冻受饿。 My ink has run out. 我的钢笔水用完了。2.S十V十P 句式 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v.)，常见的系动词除了be之外， 还有感官类:look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell； 变化类：become，go，get，grow，turn，fall ill/asleep； 状态类：keep，stay，remain，stand/sit still等。例如： He is older than he looks. 他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book. 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard. 书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice. 饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nice. 花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before. 你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill. 他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still. 他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country. 他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如： He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish. 他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town. 他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on. 他有椅子坐。 Please turn the sentence into English. 请把这个句于翻译成英语。 3.S十V十O 句式 在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt.)，因此有宾语。例如： I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。 Have you read the story? 你读过这个故事吗? They found their home easily. 他们很容易找到他们的家。 They built a house last year. 他们去年建了一所房子。 They've put up a factory in the village. 他们在村里建了一座工厂。 They have taken good care of the children. 这些孩子他们照看得很好。You should look after your children well. 你应该好好照看你的孩子。 4.S十V十O1十O2 句式 在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get，而且双宾语还可以借助介词来易位，如：give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb；He gave me a book / a book to me. 他给我一本书。 He brought me a pen / a pen to me. 他带给我一枝钢笔。[来源:学&科&网] He offered me his seat / his seat to me. 他把座位让给我。 注意下列动词后双宾语易位后介词的变化： Mother bought me a book / a book for me. 妈妈给我买了一本书。 He got me a chair / a chair for me. 他给我弄了一把椅子。 Please do me a favor / a favor for me. 请帮我一下。 He asked me a question / a question of me. 他问了我个问题。 注意：英语中还有一部分动词不能直接加双宾语，必须用介词of 引起另一个宾语，如：rob，cure，rid，warn，remind等。 They robbed the old man of his money. 他们抢了老人的钱。 He's warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危险。 The doctor has cured him of his disease. 医生治好了他的病。 We must rid the house of the rats. 我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 This film reminds me of my childhood. 这部电影使我想起了童年。 5.S十V十O十C 句式 在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常作宾语补足语的词有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子： You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。They made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。 We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。(名词) His father told him not to play in the street.他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。(不定式) My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball. (现在分词) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans. (过去分词) 常接to do作宾补的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，必须省略to，但在被动语态中不能省略。如：The boss made him do the work all day. 老板让他整天做那项工作。 He was made to do the work all day. I heard her sing in the next room last night. 昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱歌了. She was heard to sing in the next room last night.