全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课文原文与翻译

They say that pride comes before a fall. In

the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to

prove them wrong.

人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧,他们所向披靡,便以为自己战无不胜,不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。

The Icy Defender

Nila B. Smith

1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand

Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the

Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long

march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not

prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw,

bitter, bleak Russian winter.

冰雪卫士

奈拉·B·史密斯

1812年,法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。他准备好俄罗斯人民

会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进

军首都莫斯科。但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌—俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。

2 In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack

against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military

might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most

of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before

him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the

aid of the Soviet soldiers.

1941年,纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。希特

勒的军事实

1

力堪称无敌。他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。希特勒希望速

战速决,但是,就像在他之前的拿破仑一样,他得到的是痛苦的教训。仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。

Napoleon's Campaign

3 In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained,

efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand

Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of

Russia in five weeks.

拿破仑发起的战役

1812年春,拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。这些士兵受过良好训练,作战力强,装备精良。这支军队被称为大军。拿破仑对马到成功充满自信,预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。

4 Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into

Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never

happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight.

Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they

went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged

down by slow-moving supply lines. 不久,拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。

拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。令他吃惊的是,俄国人并不奋起抵抗。相反,他们一路东撤,沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。大军紧追不舍,但它的长驱直入很快由于

粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。

5 In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in

a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the

Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory.

Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial

decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he

keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter? 到

了8月,法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战,这一战役中,双方各有上万人阵亡。可是,俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撤。拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。此刻他面临

着一个重要抉择。是继续追击俄国军队,还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克,在那儿度过将到的冬天?

6 Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers

away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce

battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty

thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on

the battlefield.

拿破仑孤注一掷,决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。1812年9月7日,法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。夜幕降临时,3万名法国士兵

以及4.4万名俄国士兵或伤或亡,倒在了战场上。

7 Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear

path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory.

The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging

fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to

Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall

let the Russian winter fight the war for us." 俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。拿破仑顺利进入莫斯科,然而,对该市的占领成为毫无意义的胜利。俄国人弃城而走。法国人进城不久,一场熊熊大火烧毁了整个城市的三分之二。拿破仑向亚历山

大一世提出停战,但沙皇深知他可以等待时机:“且让俄罗斯的严冬为我们战斗吧。”　

8 Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his

army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand

Army to retreat from Moscow.

拿破仑很快意识到,他无法在冬天向远在莫斯科的军队供应粮草、提供御寒衣物和宿营之地。1812年10月,他命令大军撤出莫斯科。

9 The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and

forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A

short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus

4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came.

Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the

snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze

to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every

mile.

法军的撤离成为一场噩梦。俄国人出没于田野与森林,采用打了就跑的战术,向法国人发起攻击。刚出莫斯科城,气温就降到摄氏零下4度。11月3日降下初

雪。困乏的马匹倒地而死。大炮陷入雪中。装备只得被用作燃料焚烧。士兵们染病

冻死。法国士兵拖着脚步行进,一路上留下无数死尸。

10 As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had

to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the

Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges

over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to

build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the

cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered

survivors limped toward Vilna.

正当俄罗斯军队集聚兵力之时,法国人却不得不逃离俄国,以避免注定的失败。在别列兹那河,俄国人焚烧了涨水的河道上的桥梁,差点将后撤的法军困于河边。侥幸的是,拿破仑居然突击造起两座桥。成千上万法国士兵得以逃脱,但却损失了5万人。渡过别列

兹拿河,溃不成军的幸存者一瘸一拐地向维尔纽行进。

11 Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into

Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French

army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain,

Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked

these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated

and went into exile, his empire at an end. 拿破仑发兵60万进入俄国,只有不到10万士兵返回。元气大伤的法国军队在欧洲继续西撤。不久,英国、奥地利、俄国以及普鲁士组成强大的联盟,攻击这些散兵游勇。1814年3月,巴黎被攻占。拿破仑退位去过流放生活,他缔造的帝国随之灭亡。

Hitler's Invasion

12 By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized

control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the

Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler

began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land

campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the

campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the

blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of

Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and

Moscow and through the Ukraine.

希特勒的入侵

到1941年初,纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒已经控制了欧洲大部分地区。希

特勒的德意志帝国的东部与苏联毗邻。1941年6月22日,希特勒不宣而战,入侵苏联,发动了历史上

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