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(完整版)四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧

(完整版)四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧
(完整版)四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧

四种翻译方法

1.直译和意译

所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。

每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时,就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容,但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。(张培基)

应当指出,在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下,直译有其可取之处,一方面有助于保存原著的格调,另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。

Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used.

Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.(郭著章)

直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下,在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义,求得内容和形式相符的方法。

意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时,不得不舍弃原文的字面意义,以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。(陈宏薇)

简单地说,直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法,句子结构与原句相似,但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。

意译指在译文中舍弃原作的表达方法,另觅同意等效的表达方法,或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化或调整。(杨莉藜)

Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics:

1, literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating.

2, literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and such main sentence structures or patterns as SV,SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA formulated by Randolph Quirk, one of the authors of the book A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language.

Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where it is really impossible

for translators to do literal translation. (Liu Zhongde).

练习:

1.He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every

now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.

他走在送葬队伍的前头,还不时用一条大手绢擦一擦他的鳄鱼泪。

2.It’s an ill wind that blows nobody good.

对有些人有害的事情可能对另一些人有利。

3.Every dog has his day.

人人皆有得意日。

4.It means killing two birds with one stone.

这意味着一石二鸟。

这意味着一举两得。

这意味着一箭双雕。

5.你不要班门弄斧。

Don’t display your axe at Lu Ban’s door.

Don’t teach your grandmother to suck eggs.

Never offer to teach a fish to swim.

6.Nixon was smiling and Kissinger smiling more broadly.

尼克松满面春风,基辛格更是笑容可掬。

7.在我的后园,可以看见墙外有两株树,一株是枣树,还有一株也

是枣树。

Behind the wall of my backyard you can see two trees: one is a date tree, the other is also a date tree.

8.油蛉在这里低唱,蟋蟀们在这里弹琴。

Here field crickets droned away while house crickets chirped merrily.

9.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character

of a French man.

法国人的性格混合有老虎和猿的成分。

法国人的性格既残暴又狡猾。

虎恶狐狡,兼而有之,这就是法国人的性格。

10.Every spirits you take is a nail in your coffin.

你喝的每一杯酒都在缩短你的性命。

你喝的每一杯酒都是你棺材上的一颗钉子。

11.The first time I saw her, half of my life ago, she nearly

took my breath away.

大半生前第一次见到她,她差点儿把我的呼吸带走。

大半生前第一次见到她,我就惊呆了。

12.芦笛岩是桂林最精彩的岩洞。

Reed Flute Cave is the most magnificent of all in Guilin.

13.Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.

不必担心太早。

不必自寻烦恼。

14.Do you see any green in my eye?

你以为我是好骗的吗?

15.I want a man who will throw his hat over the Chindwin and

then lead his troops after it.

我要的是这样一个人,他决心在亲顿江破釜沉舟,然后率领部队前进。

16.Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her

the door.

鲁斯一直在扰乱别的孩子,我把他撵了出去。

17.The operation may not succeed; it’s a gamble whether he

lives or dies.

手术不一定成功,能否保住他的性命,只能一赌。

18.But after six years of a stormy marriage, Cewe decided

to end it.

六载婚姻生活,风雨交加,赛维决定结束这种婚姻。

19.The boxes, being museum quality, would have increased in

worth over the years, and made people remember me “with growing appreciation.”

九只盒子,都足以当作文物收藏在博物馆里,随着岁月流逝,它们的价值还会越来越高,人们也会记住我,“越来越感激”我。20.Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person

beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.

意译:砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。

直译:砸镜子并不能使丑八怪变漂亮,也不能使社会问题烟消云散。

21.. He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being

chosen mayor of Chicago.

A.他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会差不多

B.他找到工作的机会简直跟当选芝加哥市长同样困难。

C.他找到工作的机会简直微乎其微。

22.“你真是不到黄河不死心。”她低声地说,无可奈何地摇摇头。

(《寒夜》)

“You really do refuse to give in until all hope is gone.”she murmured, shaking her head helplessly.

23. It is a long lane that had no turning.

误:那是一条没有弯的长巷。

正:无论多长的巷也有弯的地方(路必有弯,事必有变)。

24. We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much. 误:我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值。

正:对现代科学的价值无论如何重视也不过分。

25. At the door to the restaurant, a stunning, porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes.

在通往餐厅的门口有一位迷人的陶瓷般脸蛋的妇女叫我脱下鞋子。

在通往餐厅的门口有一位妇女,涂脂抹粉、细皮嫩肉、身着和服、十分迷人,她叫我脱下鞋子。

通往餐厅的门口有一位妇女,她身着和服,仪态优美,面庞陶瓷般光洁白皙,叫我脱去鞋子。

26. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.

古老的小日本漂游在灰棕色的钢筋混凝土摩天大楼之间的引人景象是和服与超短裙之间的不断斗争的象征。

式样古老小巧的日本房屋像小船一般,漂游在灰棕色的钢筋混凝土摩天大楼之间,这引人注目的景象象征着旧传统和新发展之间的不断斗争。

米黄色的混凝土摩天大楼之间,飘荡着小小的古老的日本,构成了一道吸引人的风景,恰恰象征着和服与迷你裙间不断的斗争。27.千字比十字只多一小撇,不是差不多嘛?

The character千differs from 十in merely having one additional short stroke. Aren’t they about the same?

28,我们尽忙着鸡毛蒜皮的事儿,还没有顾得上呢。(新儿女英雄传)We haven’t had time, we’ve been too busy with chicken feather and onion skin affairs, with light trivial matters!

29,“八字没有一撇呢”

Not even the first stroke of the character 八 is in sight.

30、三个人品字式坐了,随便谈了几句(子夜)

The three men sat down facing each other and began casually chatting. (许孟雄、A. C. Barnes译)

2,归化和异化

翻译的归化/异化(domesticating translation and foreignizing translation)是在1995年由美国学者L. Venuti(文努迪)所提出的, Venuti十分欣赏布朗绍的名言:“翻译是纯粹的差异游戏:翻译总得涉及差异,也掩饰差异,同时又偶尔显露差异,甚至经常突出差异。这样,翻译本身就是这差异的活命化身。”在他看来,差异在翻译中被弱化的原因有二:首先,长久以来,翻译的讨论被遮蔽了,它在目的语坐标的价值体系中处于边缘化地位,差异非但没有活现,反而处于融化的过程之中。其次,英国和英语的价值标准,在战后形成了全球性的优势,从而更加确定了英美国家主义文化的语境。这种语境只接受在意识形态上符合英美文化的意识形态的外语文本。正是在这样一种背景下,归化的翻译为了迎合接受者的口味,总是依照译入语的特定的政治、文化、意识形态的规范对译入文本进行调整,弱式文化只得听从英美文化的摆弄,成为殖民者进行文化殖民的工具。(参见Venuti 1992)

归化翻译的最大特点就是采用流畅地道的英语进行翻译,在这

类翻译中,翻译者的努力被流畅的译文所掩盖,译者为之隐形,不同文化之间的差异也被掩盖,目的语主流文化价值观取代了译入语文化价值观,原文的陌生感已被淡化,译作由此而变得透明。从后殖民理论吸取营养的异化翻译策略则将归化翻译视为帝国主义的殖民和征服的共谋,是文化霸权主义的表现。所以,Venuti提倡异化的翻译策略。根据这一策略,译者和译语读者在翻译的过程中努力摆脱来自强势文化的羁绊。异化翻译并不应理解为对应的翻译,它并不能提高译文的忠实性。后殖民学者Robinson认为异化翻译与直译和逐字翻译相关联,只是没有直译那么极端,因为他们并不坚持在翻译中恪守原文句法序列中的个别词语的意义,但却坚持要保留原味。(参见王东风,2002:26)在异化翻译中,新的东西可能会加进去,从而达到凸现译者的身份,提高翻译的地位,并且对翻译的文化霸权进行有力的回击。

归化策略 (domesticating method)

归化是采用民族中心主义态度,是外语文本符合译语的文化价值观,把原作者带入译语文化。

译者在翻译的时候,心中既要想着原作及原作作者,尽可能的把原文的内容和风格准确而生动的表达出来;同时,译者还要想着译文的读者,翻译出来的东西要尽可能接近读者,便于读者理解和接受。

例如:

Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。

a lion in the way 拦路虎

lick one’s boots 拍马屁

Diamond cuts diamond 棋逢对手

A flash in a pan 昙花一现

Have one foot in the grave 风烛残年

To grow like mushrooms 雨后春笋

One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys nobody.

一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。

练习:

请用“归化”的翻译方法,翻译下面几句话:

⑴ Lead a dog's life

⑵ Jack of all trades

⑶ A drowned rat

⑷ Let the cat out of the bag.

⑸ Every dog has his day.

⑹ Don't shed crocodile tears to me; you know you are really glad that they're met with misfortune.

⑺ Your honor, I confess the corn. I was royally drunk.

⑻ Don't play your ace in the hole until the critical moment.

⑼ The gravy train is just not for me.

⑽ George Washington adopted a Fabian policy during the war of

Independence.

采取归化策略进行翻译时,以下几种汉语成语不宜使用:

映中华民族特殊习俗的

如:“拂袖而去”;“腰缠万贯”;“罄竹难书”等

有汉字特征的

如:“目不识丁”;“八字没一撇”等

含有中国地名的

如:“稳如泰山”;“黔驴技穷”;“夜郎自大”;“洛阳纸贵”等含有中国人名的

如:“名落孙山”;“江郎才尽”;“事后诸葛亮”等.

异化策略 (foreignizing method)

异化是指对文化价值观的偏离主义的压力下,接受外语文本的语言及文化差异,把读者带入外国情境。异化译法的核心,就是尽量传译原文的“异质因素”,具体说来,就是要尽量传达原作的异域文化特色,异语语言形式,以及作者的异常写作手法。

①异化可以在语音层上出现。例如:

ballet译作“芭蕾舞”

cigar译作“雪茄”

laser过去译成“莱塞”,现译作“镭射”、“激光”

目前大街小巷都风行的“卡拉 OK”等。

②异化可以在词语层出现。例如:

“crocodile tears”译作“鳄鱼的眼泪”

“an olive branch”译作“橄榄枝”

“sour grapes”译作“酸葡萄”

“the cold war”译作“冷战”等等。

③异化可以在句子结构层次出现。朱生豪翻译的莎士比亚戏剧是公认的佳译,其中就运用了不少“欧化句式”

例如:在《哈姆雷特》第一幕第三场中,波洛涅斯告诫女儿不要轻信哈姆雷特时说:

“You speak like a green girl.Ungifted in such perilous circumstance.”

朱生豪将其译为:“你讲的话完全像是一个不曾经历过这种危险的不懂事的女孩子。”

异化揭示了深层含义,又再现了原文的表层形式,一方面丰富和完善了汉语的表达力,使表达意思的手段更准确,更多样化;另一方面,也为我们了解西方文化打开了一扇窗户。

练习:

请用“异化”的翻译方法翻译下面十个句子。

⑴ Armed to teeth

⑵ Meet one's Waterloo

⑶ Dark horse

⑷ Crocodile tears

⑸ Ivory tower

⑹ He looked cool in his new clothes.

⑺ This is the last supper in our college life.

⑻ The cold war between the husband and wife ended when the husband found a better job.

⑼ The fear that the Black Monday might return soon alarmed these Wall Streeters.

⑽ The wealth he had boasted for years turned out to be the emperor's new clothes.

十种翻译技巧

了解完四种翻译方法后,我们再来了解一下十种常用翻译技巧,即重复法(repetition),增词法(amplification),省略法(omission),词类转换法(conversion),词序调整法(inversion),拆译法(division),合译法(combination),正说反译和反说正译法(negation),语态变换法(voice changes),引申法(extension)和句子成分转译法。

1重复法(repetition)

重复法(repetition)是在翻译中,为了使译文忠实于原文并且产生意义明确,文字通顺、流畅,符合目的语习惯的文字,而将某一部分文字反复使用的翻译技巧。

例子:

1. You must ask the mother at home, the children in the street, the ordinary man in the market and look at their mouth, how they speak, and translate that way; then they’ll understand and see that you’re speaking to them in German. (重复谓语动词)

你一定要问一问家庭主妇们,问一问街头玩耍的孩子,问一问集市上做买卖的百姓,听听他们说些什么,他们如何说,你就如何译;这样他们就会理解,就会明白:你是在用德语和他们讲话。

2. We have to analyze and solve problems. (重复宾语)

我们必须分析问题,解决问题。

3. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. (重复省略的部分)

无知是畏惧之源,羡慕之根。

4. But we still have defects, and very big ones. (指代内容的重复)

但我们仍有不足,而且是很大的不足。

5. The dog is chasing the cat which is chasing a rat which is having a piece of cheese in its mouth. (指代内容的重复) 那条狗在追着那只猫,而猫又在追着一只老鼠,老鼠的嘴里衔着一块奶酪。

6. 判断我们各方面工作的是非得失,归根到底,要以是否有利

于发展社会主义的生产力,是否有利于增强我国的综合国力,是否有利于提高人民的生活水平为标准。

In the final analysis, the criterion for judging the success or failure of our work in various fields is whether it helps to develop the productive forces of socialist society, to strengthen the overall capacity of the country and to improve the people’s living standards.

7.I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.

我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备了故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障(重复名词)

8.The three most important effects of an electric current are

heating, magnetic and chemical effects.

电流的三种最重要的效应是热效应、磁效应和化学效应。

9.Alternating stress not only varies in magnitude but also in

direction.

交变应力不仅大小不同,而且方向不同。

10,But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family.

可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完,说他懒惰,说他粗

心,并且说他一家人都要毁在他的身上。

11, Sleep is most graceful in an infant ; soundest ,in one who has been tired in the open air; completest ,to the sea man

after a hard voyage ; most welcome ,to the mind haunted with one idea ; most touching to look at ,in the parent that has wept ;lightest ,in the playful child ; proudest ,in the bride abored .

婴儿的睡眠,最为优美;经过一番户外劳作,疲惫不堪的人的睡眠,最为酣畅;在艰苦航程之后的水手的睡眠,最为圆满;为某种意念所苦的人,对睡眠最为欢迎;哭泣后的母亲的睡眠,最为动人;一个顽皮小孩的睡眠,最为轻松;一个深受爱慕的新娘的睡眠,最为骄傲。

2增词法(amplification)

在翻译中为了使译文通顺易懂,或是为了行文生动,更符合目的与的语言习惯而采取的增加部分解释性词语、连接词、类属词、概括性词语和代词的做法叫增词法(amplification)。

1. The subsequent generations of this family grew impoverished by a combination of drought, extortion, and too many gifts to opera girls, all of which led to their losing face and their property.

参考译文:在接下来的几代中,因为遭遇旱灾,被人勒索,再加上给优伶的封赏太多,这个家族便最终资财耗尽,风光不再了。

2, The men squatted in their dark-colored logyis, the

ever-present cheroots clenched between their teeth.

参考译文:男人们穿着深色的袍裙,蹲坐在那里,嘴里总是叼着烟。

3, His consideration of the Bible with the language of ordinary people and his consideration of translation in terms of focusing on the TL and the TT reader were crucial in his translation.

他注重使用民众的语言来翻译圣经,注重为目的语和目的语文本的读者考虑,这两点在他的翻译中很关键。

4, This plan with all its disadvantages is considered to be one of the best.

尽管有种种不周全之处,这个计划仍被认为是最佳计划之一。

5, Flowers bloom all over the yard.

朵朵鲜花满院盛开。

6. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人严谨。

7. 不要重复叶公好龙那个故事,讲了多少年的社会主义,临到

社会主义跑来找他,她又害怕起来了。(《毛泽东选集》,第五卷)

The story of Lord Ye who professed to love dragons should not be repeated. One must not just talk about socialism for years and then suddenly turn pale when socialism comes knocking at the door.

8, Day after day he came to his work——sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.

他每天来干活——扫地,擦桌椅,清理房间。

9, 一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三人帮。

A bamboo fence needs the support of three stakes, and an

able man needs the help of three other persons.

Stakes make a bamboo fence stand, and supporters help an able man succeed.

10, 三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge liang the master mind.

3省略法(omission)

省略法(omission)是为了行文的简洁和更符合目的与习惯,将一些重复的词语或一些已被涵盖的意义省去的翻译方法,而原文的意义并未因此受到任何损失。

1. When she could no longer decide, she became depressed. Whenever Dwight picked up the baby to take him to his place or to the doctor’s for a checkup, she felt relief.

她无法抉择,心情压抑,而前夫马赛一把孩子接走或是送到诊所接受检查,她就会有一种轻松感。

2. Rupert with his flexible young knees sat in a

hunch-and-crouch pose in imitation of the natives.

鲁珀特年龄小,双膝柔韧,学着当地人的样子,弓背缩身地跪坐着。

3. Stainless steel possess good hardness and high strength.

译文:不锈钢硬度大,强度高。

4. Penicillin works by not allowing a bacterium to build its cell wall.

青霉素的作用是不让细菌制造细胞壁。

5. This is the solid rocky bottom under the ooze and mud of the ocean floor.

海底软泥和泥层下面是坚硬的岩石层。

6. There is a 30% increase of our installed capacity with this year.

今年,我们的装机容量增加了30%。

7. 在工作中,我们必须避免犯不必要的的错误。

We must avoid making mistakes in our work.

8, 质子带阳电,电子带阴电,而中子既不带阳电也不带阴电。

A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative

charge, but a neutron has neither.

9. He put his hand into his pockets and then shrugged his

shoulders.

他双手插进口袋,耸了耸肩。

10, Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.

仓库重地,严禁吸烟。

11,匪军所至,杀戮人民,奸淫妇女,焚毁村庄,掠夺财物,无所不用其极。Wherever they went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at nothing.

12, 前怕龙后怕虎的态度不能造就干部。

“Fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind” will not produce cadres.

13, 我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。

Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and up heaval

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科技翻译策略

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文言文翻译技巧和方法

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常用的翻译技巧

常用的翻译技巧 1. 重复法(repetition) 2. 增译法(amplification) 3. 减译法(omission) 4. 词类转移法(conversion) 5. 词序调整法(inversion) 6. 分译法(division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation) 8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices) 1. 重复法 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。Le t’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。He had it all written out neatly. 他把它写得清清楚楚。 1. 这种人闹什么东西呢闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。What are they after They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure. 2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。A large family has its difficulties. 3. 天苍苍, 野茫茫, 风吹草低见牛羊。The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam. 4. 寻寻觅觅, 冷冷清请, 凄凄惨惨戚戚; 乍暖还寒时侯, 最难将息。(译文1)Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! (译文2)I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. (许渊冲译) 2. 增译法 增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。 I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 4. 交出翻译之前, 必须读几遍, 看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)

英语翻译技巧实例

英语翻译技巧 5.拆句法和合并法: 这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如: (1) Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States. 同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。(在主谓连接处拆译) (2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译) 6.倒置法: 在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或

进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如: (1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world. 此时此刻,通过现代通信手段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置) (2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community. 我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置) (3)改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置) 7.倒置法: 在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如: (1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.

论科技英语中的特点与翻译技巧(二)-译国译民

论科技英语中的特点与翻译技巧二 -译国译民翻译公司 五、常用句型 科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型,从而形成科技文体区别于其他文体的标志。例如It---that---结构句型; It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one. 显然,润滑好的轴承,比不润滑的轴承容易转动。 It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting. 看来这两个科学分支是相互依存,相互作用的。 It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it. 已经证明,感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。 It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy. 直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。 Computers may be classified as analog and digital. 计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。 The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times. 新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。(或---缩短为三分之一。) This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here . 人们认为这种合金钢是这里能提供的最好的合金钢。 Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light. 电磁波传送的速度和光速相同。 Microcomputers are very small in size ,as is shown in Fig.5. 如图5所示,微型计算机体积很小。 In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air. 声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。 Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy. 氧与氢比较,重量大约是它的十六倍。 The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was low. 由于电阻很大,电路中通过的电流就小。 Ice keeps the same temperature while melting. 冰在溶化时,其温度保持不变。 An object, once in motion, will keep on moving because of its inertia. 物体一旦运动,就会因惯性而持续运动。 All substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, are made of atoms. 一切物质,不论是气态、液态,还是固态,都由原子组成。 六、长句 为了表述一个复杂概念,使之逻辑严密,结构紧凑,科技文章中往往出现许多长句。有的长句多达七八个词,以下即是一例。 The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations, and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no aluminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis. 为了解释光学现象,人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同的物理性质的介质。这种子尝试的结果,最初曾使人们了解到一种能传输横向振动的具有上述假定所以认为的那种物理性质的发光介质。

常用翻译技巧和方法

常用翻译方法和技巧 1. 四种翻译方法 1.1直译和意译 所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时,就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容,但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。(张培基) 应当指出,在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下,直译有其可取之处,一方面有助于保存原著的格调,另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.(郭著章) 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下,在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义,求得内容和形式相符的方法。 意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时,不得不舍弃原文的字面意义,以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。(陈宏薇) 简单地说,直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法,句子结构与原句相似,但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。 意译指在译文中舍弃原作的表达方法,另觅同意等效的表达方法,或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化或调整。(杨莉藜) Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics: 1, literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. 2, literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and such main sentence structures or patterns as SV,SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA formulated by Randolph Quirk, one of the authors of the book A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where it is really impossible for translators to do literal translation. (Liu Zhongde). 练习: 1. He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 他走在送葬队伍的前头,还不时用一条大手绢擦一擦他的鳄鱼泪。 2. It’s an ill wind that blows nobody good. 对有些人有害的事情可能对另一些人有利。 3. Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意日。

高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题

高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题 一、高中英语翻译 1.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed) 2.将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to) 3.没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than) 4.家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏,以免遭遇不测。(for fear) 5.虽然现代社会物资丰富,给予消费者更多的选择,但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn) 【答案】 1.I’m accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep. 2.It’s up to you what kind of life will lead in the future. 3.There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel programme. 4.Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. 5.While modern society, rich in material resources,has given consumers more choice, it turns many of them into crazy shoppers. 【解析】试题分析: 1.翻译这句话的时候,注意词组:be a ccustomed to doing“习惯于做……”。 2.这句话使用了句型:It’s up to you +从句,“做….由某人决定”。这里what kind of life will lead in the future.是主语从句,it是形式主语。 3.这句话使用了There be句型, nothing 后面是形容词做定语,因为是比较的含义用形容词的比较级more exciting,还有词组“被允许做”be allowed to ,以及词组“参加”:take part in 。 4.这句话使用了for fear that 引导目的状语从句,和词组“让某人不要做……”ask sb. not to do. 5.这句话使用了连词While 表示“尽管,虽然”。词组“富含”be rich in ,主句中使用了词组turn…. into …..“将…变成…”。 考点:考查翻译句子 2.高中英语翻译题:翻译句子 1.只有当我们了解了不同的肢体语言我们才可以很好地跟人们交流。(only+状语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ 2.这就是我们未来的生活。(what引导的名词性从句) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Only when we have mastered the different body languages can we communicate well with them.

翻译技巧翻译方法

翻译技巧和翻译方法 翻译方法: methods of translation 1.直译 literal translation 2.意译 free translation 3.异化 alienation 4.归化 domestication 1. 直译(literal translation) 指在翻译过程中按原文逐字逐句一对一的翻译。人们关心的是语言层面的技术处理问题,即如何在保持原语形式的同时,不让其意义失真。 e.g. one country, two systems 一国两制 The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流 2. 意译(free translation;paraphrase) 是指根据原文的大意来翻译,不作逐字逐句的翻译(区别于“直译”)。通常在翻译句子或词组(或更大的意群)时使用较多,意译主要在原语与译语体现巨大文化差异的情况下得以应用.从跨文化语言交际和文化交流的角度来看,意译强调的是译语文化体系和原语文化体系的相对独立性。 e.g. Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it. 不必过早地担心。(不必自寻烦恼) Do you see any green in my eye? 你以为我是好欺骗的吗?

Don’t lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen. 直译:不要等马被盗后,才去锁马厩门。 意译:亡羊补牢。 直译和意译的区别 1. It’ s a Smoke Free Area. 直译:它是个自由吸烟区。 意译:它是个无烟区。 2. Shakespeare put his hometown on the map. 直译:莎士比亚把他的家乡放在了地图上。 意译:莎土比亚使他的家乡声名远扬。 3. John would not come out of his shell and talk to others at theparty. 直译:晚会上,约翰不愿从壳里钻出来与其他人说话。 意译:晚会上,约翰不愿丢掉矜持与别人交谈。 4. He is a rough-and-ready character. 直译:他是个粗兽并有准备的人。 意译:他是个粗鲁但尚能顶用的人。 5. He got into trouble when he paid his bills with rubber checks. 直译:他用橡皮支票付账,并给自己带来了麻烦。 意译:他用空头支票结账,并给自己带来了麻烦。 翻译原则直译是基础,意译是补充 直译不等于死译(dead translation): 1.例:街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生。 Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning. “In the street” should be replaced by “in the community”. 2.例:她一大早起床,进城,见到了她的公爹。 She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father. “Public father” should be “father in law”. 意译的例子:It rains cats and dogs.

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