文体学作业-对比分析

Passage A

Malaysia is being considered as a US Navy base for warship军舰repairs after the closure of the Subic Bay naval dockyard海军船厂in the Philioppines in three years. Admiral海军上将Charles Larson, commander-in-chief of the US Pacific Command said yesterday.

He raised the subject of using the Lumut naval base facing the strategic Straits 海峡of Malacca马六甲, in talks with Dutuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, the

Malaysian defense minister国防部长. “In our exchange we both agree it is an issue worth looking into,” he said.

Malaysia had previously been reluctant to extend military facilities to America.

Admiral Larson said the water at Lumut was deep enough only for small

warships, and dredging 挖掘would be required to allow bigger ships to dock.

Washington signed an agreement with Singapore last November for increasing air and naval facilities there.---新闻

Passage B

Concrete is produced by mixing together cement, water, and mineral

aggregates. This mixture is placed into a suitable mould, comacted, and

allowed to harden. It is somewhat similar to building stone but has the

advantage that it can be easily moulded into any suitable shape, and also that it can be conveniently reinforced with steed rods to improve its structural

properties.---说明expository writing

m

语

?说明文语言的准确性，体现在数据的使用、概念的限制、语序的安排和修辞的运用等方面。

?在阅读本文的基础上掌握说明文的阅读策略，了解说明文由三大部分组成，即导入主题，支撑主题的细节材料和结论。提高学生的阅读水平。

To learn how to read expository writing by identifying the introduction of the subject, the supporting details and the conclusion and improve students' reading skills.

通常情况下，说明文大致包括三种具体样式：

一、带有一定文艺性的，指科学小品，如《南州六月荔枝丹》

二、科普性为主的，如《向沙漠进军》《宇宙里有些什么》

三、实用性的，如说明书、解说词等。

说明文一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能，解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等。《说明文的说明一定要有条理，说明的顺序，是按照事物本身的条理和人的认识规律来安排的。比如介绍景物，建筑，多是根据地理环境、方位布局来安排；介绍事物源出、演变，多是按照时间的先后顺序来安排；

阐述事理又多按照事物的逻辑顺序来安排。总之，是按照一定的顺序，由表及里，由实到虚，由分到合，由远及近，由浅到深，逐步阐述。有时为了使别人更准确地认识事物，在某种情况下，只要不违背事物的特点、规律，也可以在顺序上作某些调整

说明的语言有的以平实见长，有的以生动活泼见长。由于说明的对象和作者语言风格的不同，说明的语言也是多种多样的：或概括，或具体；或简洁，或丰腴；或精练，或详尽；或平易朴实，或幽默风趣，总之不拘一格。

Passage C

When you arrive, tired after a long trip, we’ll be waiting. With a pot of tea in the quiet of your room in Tokyo and a relaxing spot to meet with friends in

Singapore. With superb restraurants in Taipei and a health club where you can unwind in Jakarta. And when you’re ready to get down to business, we can help. With secretarial, interpreter and communications services, Teleplan for most reasonable long distance charges and a worldwide courier service 速递服务for documents. Wherever you travel on business, from Hong Kong to

Manila to Kuala Lumpur, put us to work for you. Just call your travel agent, Hilton Reservation Service or any Hilton International hotel.----广告

对于加速广告信息的传播有非常重要的作用，优秀的文案设计可以提高广告效应，促进商品销售。

Has the count for much function regarding the acceleration advertizing info dissemination, the

outstanding writing design may enhance the advertisement effect, the promotion commodity sale.

.

凡是以说服的方式（不论是口头方式或文字图画方式），有助于商品和劳务的公开销售，都可以称为广告。”

“广告是有计划地通过各种媒体介绍商品和劳务，借以指导消费，扩大流通，促进生产，活跃经济，建设物质文明与精神文明的手段。”

“广告能直接发生销售的效果，确立商品和制造者的声誉，并能扩展市场，排除障碍。”

“广告是广告主有计划地通过媒介体传递商品或劳务的信息，以促进销售的大众传播手段。”

“广告是一种说服性的武器。”

“广告是一种传播信息的说服艺术。”

“广告是有计划地通过媒体向所选定的消费对象宣传有关商品或劳务的优点和特色，唤起消费者注意，说服消费者购买使用的宣传方式”。此种解释可使初学者注意到广告的几个关键问题：

（1）如何了解商品或劳务的优点、特色。（广告内容）

（2）如何选定消费对象。（广告对象）

（3）如何向选定的消费者广而告之。（广告手段）

（4）如何唤起消费者注意。（广告技巧）

（5）如何说服消费者购买使用。（广告目的）

广告工作者对这五个问题了解后，会有助于设计制作和刊播出有效的广告。

12年12月新闻文体学作业及答案

12年12月新闻文体学作业 及答案 -标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

《新闻文体学》作业 本课程作业由两部分组成。第一部分为“客观题部分”，由15个选择题组成，每题1分，共15分。第二部分为“主观题部分”，由简答题和论述题组成，共15分。作业总分30分，将作为平时成绩记入课程总成绩。 客观题部分： 一、选择题（每题1 分，共15题） 1. 选择下面说法正确的（） A、狭义的新闻，是指未在报刊上发表的新闻。 B、狭义的新闻，是指不包括新闻评论的新闻报道。 C、狭义的新闻，即等于消息这一文体。 2. 选择下面说法正确的（） A、简讯，是不大重要的简单的新闻消息。 B、简讯，是与消息、通讯等同的新闻报道的典型体裁。 C、简讯不是新闻报道的典型体裁。 3. 选择下面说法正确的（） A、运用某些属性相同的例子，推论出其他事物也可能有相同的属性的论证方法，叫例证法。 B、运用某些属性不同的例子，推论出其他事物也可能有相同的属性的论证方法，叫对比法。 C、运用某些属性相同的例子，推论出其他事物也可能有相同的属性的论证方法，叫类比法。 4．以下正确的是（） A、新闻标题是在一篇文章前，将新闻的内容或主题加以概括以后单独出的简短文字。 B、新闻标题是在一篇或一组新闻本文前面，将新闻的内容或主题加以概括以后单独标出的简短文字。

C、新闻标题是在一篇或一组新闻的较前面，将新闻的内容加以概括以后单独标出的简短文字。 5．以下正确的是（） A、新闻，是广大群众欲知、应知而未知的事实。 B、新闻，是新近发生的事实的报道。 C、新闻，是报道或评述最新的重要事实以影响舆论的特殊行为。 6．以下正确的是 ( ) A、“日本朋友×××见义勇为烟台挽救落水儿童”，是目的关系 B、“日本朋友×××见义勇为烟台挽救落水儿童”，是后续关系。 C、“日本朋友×××见义勇为烟台挽救落水儿童”，是因果关系。 7．以下正确的是（） A、消息写作滞后的原因是没有向散文学习。 B、消息写作滞后的原因是消息不真实、不典型、审美性差。 C、消息写作滞后的原因是消息写得不及时、不够真实、不客观。 ８．大众传播应具备的三要素不包括的是（） A、传者（信息源） B、媒介（通道） C、受者（发布者） 9．以下正确的是（） A、解释性报道，就是揭丑性或揭漏性报道。 B、解释性报道，就是分析性报道，回答为什么，关心“为何”。 C、解释性报道，就是大量提供背景材料，作者不带倾向，让受众自己去思考并得出结论。 10．选择下面说法正确的（） A.我国最早的电视台叫北京电视台，1958年9月2日开播。 B.我国最早的电视台叫中央电视台，1958年9月2日开播。 C.我国最早的电视台叫北京电视台，1958年10月1日开播。 11. 选择下面说法正确的（） A.新闻主体的人文修养，包括政治觉悟、道德水准、忧患意识。 B.新闻主体的人文修养，包括政治觉悟、道德水准、广博知识。

文体学分析1

《英语文体学》1~7章小结 一．关于文体学 本章主要是介绍了骨水泥与文体学的一些基本知识。简单的来说，文体学就是学习如何使用语言和使用语言方式的一种规则。在现代文体学中包括普通文体学和文学文体学。 这本书主要涉及普通文体学。普通文体学在很多方面都有体现，本书主要讨论一种特定体裁的总体特征。接着，课文简单介绍语言在不同时期的不同定义和在不同领域人民对语言的不同观点。并且，文章的上下文决定这语言的意思。语言在使用过程中表现出以下功能：概念功能、人际功能、指称功能和语篇功能，它们不可分割，相互影响。接下来是风格的介绍有四种：集体语言使用特点、个人独特写作风格、表达模式效果、“好”或“漂亮的”文学写作。本书倾向于了解第一种。即问题学的研究限制在特定场合。现代文体学一直在发展，我们得出定义：它是一门研究文体体裁特征的本质及规律。 二．学习文体学的需要 本章主要涉及学习文体学的重要性。 （一）学习问题学能培养人们对语言的敏感性即应该能分清在不同场合应该采取不同的说话方式，以避免不必要的尴尬。 （二）对我们理解外国文学作品有很大作用。因为文学创作中，作者往往采用违反常规的写作方法：背离与重复。这就牵扯到文学批评，对其“描述——解释——评估”，以此突出其作品的鲜明特点。这在文体学上被称为“前景化”。 （三）帮助达到适应翻译外国文学作品的效果。翻译时不可能直译过来，这是由各国文化差异决定的。 三．语(言)[义]的变体 根据语言的使用方式可以把语言分为两种：方言和变体。人们所处的背景和地位决定了他们的语言——方言。方言可以分为个人方言（如海明威用语方法）、时间方言（如古今英语用法不同）和社会方言（如男女用法不同）。而语域的变体可以分为几种：社会经济地位变体（不同阶层）、种族变体（美国社会黑白人不通用法）性别变体和年龄变体。 语域是一个语言使用者的语言反映，它是一种社会活动，即告知别人话里所包含的信息。语域有话语范围：特定场合（命令、法律等）与非特定场合（例如应酬性谈话）。有话语方式：口语和书面语。有话语基调：人及际基调（人们使用语言的规范程度）和功能语旨（说话人意欲）。总之方言和语域是相互依靠的，不可能有单独使用的情况出现。 四．语言的描述 先介绍文体学特点的三个层次： ●音系学和字系学。英语在音系学上有音段（包括拟声词、象声词、语音同化和重复） 和超音段（包括重音、韵律、语调停顿和语速）。这些特征的不同表达式包含了说 话人的不同心情。 ●有语法和词汇。语法方面体现在句子类型（省略句、圆周句、松散句和对偶句）、 从句类型、词组类型（名词、动词词组）和词语类型（合成词）。词汇方面有：用 词倾向（如抽象、具体、普遍、专有等）、内涵意义（与之关联的词）和词的搭配 （固定搭配）。 ●语义单元和语义角色。语义单元包括连贯（互指、成段、语篇模式、修辞手段）和 语义角色（增强语言丰富性） ●接下来介绍语言描写四步骤：（一）系统阅读文章写下认为重要的风格；（二）确定 语言特点的使用频率；（三）估计风格特点的重要性；（四）陈述语言使用模式，判 断该模式在文中的重要性。

文体学论文

哈尔滨师范大学 文体学论文 题目情景喜剧《老友记》中的文体分析 学生李宏悦 指导教师王静 年级 2010级 6 班 专业英语教育 系别英语教育系 学院西语学院 哈尔滨师范大学 2013年12月

TERM PAPER ENGLISH DEPARTMENT HARBIN NORMAL UNIERSITY TITLE: A Stylistic Analysis of the Sitcom Friends STUDENT: Li Hongyue TUTOR: Wang Jing GRADE: Grade 2010 MAJOR: English Education DEPARTMENT: English Department COLLEGE: Faculty of Western Languages and Literatures December, 2013 HARBIN NORMAL UNIVERSITY

Abstract In recent years, there exists a great number of research of different varieties of English, such as novels, news broadcast, scientific readings, etc. Nevertheless, what c annot bear any of our negligence is that stylistics on sitcoms---a new type of language material, is in great scarcity. Hence,the author of this thesis intends to investigate Frie nds, a popularly shown English language sitcom from the perspective of general stylis tics in terms of linguistic description, textual analysis and contextual analysis respecti vely. This thesis examines three randomly selected episodes by means of qualitative r esearch unfolding their stylistic features, namely some similarities as well as disparitie s among them in terms of stylistics. Through this research, the author has the followin g findings:At the phonological level, the swift tempo throughout the episodes and the frequent use of nitial stress play a vital role. At the graphological level, the frequent e mployment of commas, uniqueness in spelling and emotion and action markers phrase d in brackets are the most distinct stylistic features. At the lexical level, the employment of monosyllabic, informal, dynamic, collo quial, concrete and fluff words is typical of the selected episodes. At the grammatical/ syntactic level, the overwhelming employment of simple sentences and active voice is the most distinct feature of the selected episodes.So far as textual analysis is concerne d, this thesis has penetrated mainly into the lay-out of the selected episodes, discoveri ng that all the three episodes share the same text lay-out, namely the prelude, the body as well as the ending scene. Contextual factors analysis is also conducted in this research. We have discovere d that the field of discourse, the tenor of discourse and the mode of discourse are close ly associated with the stylistic features found in linguistic description. In addition, the author has also explored the selected episodes by emplong two speech theories of vita l importance---Speech Act Theory and Cooperative Principle respectively, finding that the conversations in the selected episodes are in light with the former while always vi olating the latter. Key Words: stylistics sitcom linguistic description textual description textual analys is contextual factors analysis

文体学卡明斯作品分析英文

“i have found what you are l ike”简要文体赏析 摘要：卡明斯作为美国现代实验派诗人代表之一，其诗歌以其独特风格而闻名。他一直致力于使自己的诗歌与众不同，于是他打破诗歌创作的传统，在诗歌的换行及单词的拼写上勇于创新，使他的诗歌风格别具一格。其实，很大程度上，卡明斯的独特风格是通过文体学方面的变异来实现的。因此，本文从文体学角度出发，对卡明斯的这首诗歌进行简要分析。 关键词：卡明斯，文体分析，主题，变异

A Brief Stylistic Analysis of i have found what you are like Abstract: E.E. Cummings is one of the representatives of American modern experimental poets whose poems are well-known for the unique style. Cummings endeavors to make his poems different from other poets'. He broke the traditional way of writing poems, invented in the changing of lines of the poem and the spelling of the words in the poem, thus to make his personal poems style distinguished. To much extent, Cummings's unique style is achieved by stylistic deviation. Therefore, standing on the stylistic point of view, this paper makes a brief analysis on Cummings?s typical poems i have found what you are like. Key words: E.E. Cummings, Stylistic analysis,theme, deviation Ⅰ.Introduction E. E. Cummings was a famous American poet of 20th century. He had a tendency for arts and literature at his early age. While in Harvard, he became extremely fond of arts movement and began to research with free verse and to acquire the painting skill. He wrote poems to celebrate nature, natural power as well as love. It is his innovative verse that makes him among the most well-known and widely anthologized poets of 20th century.His poetic style is famous for its unusual and playful techniques: an extraordinary usage of punctuation, compressed words, dislocated syntax, and unique typography, line division, and capitalization in order to seize the particulars of a single movement or moment in time. The poem we will analyze in this paper-i have found what you are like- is one of the typical works of Cummings's. As a lyrical poem, it is related to the simple things in daily life, namely, flower, rain, wind, and light. Although it seems to be simple, there is a profound theme in the poem. It reflects the endlessness of one's life and the preciousness of love through the simple language. Ⅱ.Linguistic presentation of the theme The artistic quality of poetry counts on the language selection of the writer.

0164新闻文体学

《新闻文体学》作业 本课程作业由两部分组成。第一部分为“客观题部分”，由15个选择题组成，每题1分，共15分。第二部分为“主观题部分”，由简答题和论述题组成，共15分。作业总分30分，将作为平时成绩记入课程总成绩。 客观题部分： 一、选择题（每题1分，共15题） 1. 选择下面说法正确的（） A、狭义的新闻，是指未在报刊上发表的新闻。 B、狭义的新闻，是指不包括新闻评论的新闻报道。 C、狭义的新闻，即等于消息这一文体。 2. 选择下面说法正确的（） A、简讯，是不大重要的简单的新闻消息。 B、简讯，是与消息、通讯等同的新闻报道的典型体裁。 C、简讯不是新闻报道的典型体裁。 3. 选择下面说法正确的（） A、运用某些属性相同的例子，推论出其他事物也可能有相同的属性的论证方法，叫例证法。 B、运用某些属性不同的例子，推论出其他事物也可能有相同的属性的论证方法，叫对比法。 C、运用某些属性相同的例子，推论出其他事物也可能有相同的属性的论证方法，叫类比法。4．以下正确的是（） A、新闻标题是在一篇文章前，将新闻的内容或主题加以概括以后单独出的简短文字。 B、新闻标题是在一篇或一组新闻本文前面，将新闻的内容或主题加以概括以后单独标出的简短文字。 C、新闻标题是在一篇或一组新闻的较前面，将新闻的内容加以概括以后单独标出的简短文字。 5．以下正确的是（） A、新闻，是广大群众欲知、应知而未知的事实。

B、新闻，是新近发生的事实的报道。 C、新闻，是报道或评述最新的重要事实以影响舆论的特殊行为。 6．以下正确的是 ( ) A、“日本朋友×××见义勇为烟台挽救落水儿童”，是目的关系 B、“日本朋友×××见义勇为烟台挽救落水儿童”，是后续关系。 C、“日本朋友×××见义勇为烟台挽救落水儿童”，是因果关系。 7．以下正确的是（） A、消息写作滞后的原因是没有向散文学习。 B、消息写作滞后的原因是消息不真实、不典型、审美性差。 C、消息写作滞后的原因是消息写得不及时、不够真实、不客观。 ８．大众传播应具备的三要素不包括的是（） A、传者（信息源） B、媒介（通道） C、受者（发布者） 9．以下正确的是（） A、解释性报道，就是揭丑性或揭漏性报道。 B、解释性报道，就是分析性报道，回答为什么，关心“为何”。 C、解释性报道，就是大量提供背景材料，作者不带倾向，让受众自己去思考并得出结论。10．选择下面说法正确的（） A.我国最早的电视台叫北京电视台，1958年9月2日开播。 B.我国最早的电视台叫中央电视台，1958年9月2日开播。 C.我国最早的电视台叫北京电视台，1958年10月1日开播。 11.选择下面说法正确的（） A.新闻主体的人文修养，包括政治觉悟、道德水准、忧患意识。 B.新闻主体的人文修养，包括政治觉悟、道德水准、广博知识。 C.新闻主体的人文修养，包括政治觉悟、高尚人格、道德水准。 12.以下正确的说法是（） A、受众暗示心理要研究性别、地域、文化、爱好等的接近。 B、受众暗示心理要研究民族、政治、文化、爱好等的接近。

英语文体学教程

Chapter1 1, what is style in your opinion according to what we have studied in this chapter? Anwser1 , from the perspective of the content, the events and activities described ,style is saying different things in different ways ;from the perspective of the ways of expression used ,styled is same thing in different ways; from the perspective of the users of language ,style is different speakers using language in different ways; and from the perspective of the text ,style is the functions of texts for different purposes. Anwser2, the definition of style is the concept of style as choice .this definition can have at least too interpretations .one is that first we have a pre-existing thought ,and then we choice the appropriate type of expression to express it in language. The chosen expression is the style .another is that the choice refers to the choice of meaning. The choice of language is at the same time a choice of meaning and a choice of style . 2,what is the significance of studying the style of language in learning and teaching English? Anwser, the answer is that if we want to use language appropriately in different situations , we need to study style .as foreign language learners, if we disregard the rules of using what variety of language in what occasion , or fail to obey them through ignorance , language can become instead a barrier to successful communication . Therefore its necessary to have a clear awareness of how language should be used in different types of situations especially in unfamiliar situations. 3, what factors can result in differences in style ? Answer , 1, the different types of vocabulary create different images of the events in the rea der’s mind, so they can result in different styles.2,people living in different periods of time in history will also speak differently ,and that will result in a different style. Chapter2 1, explain the following terms 1),foregrounding: the stylistically significant features have to be prominent and motivated ,that is ,foregrounded. 2),incongruity: the linguistic features depart from the normal use of language ,breaking the rules grammar ,spelling ,pronunciation. 3)deflection : the linguistic features don’t depart from the established grammatical, lexical and logical rules and principles ,but have an unexpected high frequency of occurrence. 4),field; its concerned with what is happening ,including the subject matter,the events happenings,going-ons, the content ,etc 5)tenor: its concerned with who is taking part in the exchange of meaning ----the relationship between the speaker and the listener ,their relative status,their attitude,and their role relations . 6)mode: its concerned with how the interaction is conducted ,that is whether it is written or spoken ,or whether it is expressed by phonic substance or graphic substance. 2,question for discussion 2)in rhetorical series,the number of items can influence the stylistic effect.try to analyze the causes on the basis of social culture. Answer :different numbers of words can produce different stylistic effects in the appropriate contexts. Two items express assertion ,that is ,it is just this ,not that .In appropriate situations three items can produce ethic ,persuasive, and representative effect. Four or more items in a series

文体学作业

Title: The Stylistic Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe?s The Raven Abstract: The Raven written by Edgar Allan Poe is a famous romantic poem in American history, which has remained one of Poe?s most enduring works and it is a good illustration of Poe?s rhythmica l creation of beauty. The poem weaves its structure, rhythm, refined words, sentence structure and rhetorical devices into a brilliant tapestry that confers on Poe?s everlasting fame. This paper tends to explore The Raven from a stylistic point of view and the stylistic features on phonological level, lexical level, syntactic level and rhetorical features would be studied respectively. Through the analysis of these aspects, the greatness of the beauty and the sense of melancholy pervaded between the lines in the poem can be all well appreciated. Key words: stylistic analysis; phonological level; lexical level; syntactic level; rhetorical features

文体学学期论文

分析《祝福》节选的语篇含义 外国语学院08级本科2班***（********） 摘要：此短文节选自鲁迅《祝福》一文，主要描写“祥林嫂”被鲁家赶出流落街头与“我”相遇并且向我咨询“灵魂”有无的问题。本文旨在以文体学的角度和语言行为分析在本短文中“我”与“祥林嫂”的会话含义。 关键字：我祥林嫂会话含义理论 材料：《祝福》节选 况且，一直到昨天遇见祥林嫂的事，也就使我不能安住。那是下午，我到镇的东头访过一个朋友，走出来，就在河边遇见她；而且见她瞪着的眼睛的视线，就知道明明是向我走来的。我这回在鲁镇所见的人们中，改变之大，可以说无过于她的了：五年前的花白的头发，即今已经全白，会不像四十上下的人；脸上瘦削丕堪，黄中带黑，而且消尽了先前悲哀的神色，仿佛是木刻似的；只有那眼珠间或一轮，还可以表示她是一个活物。她一手提着竹篮。内中一个破碗，空的；一手技着一支比她更长的竹竿，下端开了裂：她分明已经纯乎是一个乞丐了。 我就站住，豫备她来讨钱。 “你回来了？”她先这样问。 “是的。” “这正好。你是识字的，又是出门人，见识得多。我正要问你一件事——”她那没有精采的眼睛忽然发光了。 我万料不到她却说出这样的话来，诧异的站着。 “就是——”她走近两步，放低了声音，极秘密似的切切的说，“一个人死了之后，究竟有没有魂灵的？” 我很悚然，一见她的眼钉着我的，背上也就遭了芒刺一般，比在学校里遇到不及豫防的临时考，教师又偏是站在身旁的时候，惶急得多了。对于魂灵的有无，我自己是向来毫不介意的；但在此刻，怎样回答她好呢？我在极短期的踌躇中，想，这里的人照例相信鬼，“然而她，却疑惑了，——或者不如说希望：希望其有，又希望其无……，人何必增添末路的人的苦恼，一为她起见，不如说有罢。 “也许有罢，——我想。”我于是吞吞吐虹的说。 “那么，也就有地狱了？” “啊！地狱？”我很吃惊，只得支吾者，“地狱？——论理，就该也有。——然而也未必，……谁来管这等事……。” “那么，死掉的一家的人，都能见面的？” “唉唉，见面不见面呢？……”这时我已知道自己也还是完全一个愚人，什么踌躇，什么计画，都挡不住三句问，我即刻胆怯起来了，便想全翻过先前的话来，“那是，……实在，我说不清……。其实，究竟有没有魂灵，我也说不清。” 我乘她不再紧接的问，迈开步便走，勿勿的逃回四叔的家中，心里很觉得不安逸。自己想，我这答话怕于她有些危险。她大约因为在别人的祝福时候，感到自身的寂寞了，然而会不会含有别的什么意思的呢？——或者是有了什么豫感了？倘有别的意思，又因此发生别的事，则我的答活委实该负若干的责任……。但随后也就自笑，觉得偶尔的事，本没有什么深意义，而我偏要细细推敲，正无怪教育家要说是生着神经病；而况明明说过“说不清”，已经推翻了答话的全局，即使发生什么事，于我也毫无关系了。

文体学答案

文体学答案 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）

文体学课后题 1、2单元 1Identify and classify patterns of sound repetition in the following examples. 1）Words and phrases shilly-shally = pararhyme super-duper = rhyme high and mighty = assonance fair and square = rhyme kith and kin = reverse rhyme toil and moil = rhyme part and parcel = reverse rhyme by hook or by crook = rhyme 2）Pride and Prejudice = alliteration The Love’s labour Lost = alliteration Of Mice and Man = alliteration Bill Rogers, Marvelous Marathon Man = alliteration Father in a Fix = alliteration Witch Watch = alliteration The Wonder of Waterfall = alliteration 3)Advertisements --Drinka Pinta Milka Day = sound elision --Extra Pintas Warma Winta = sound elision --Be different daily. Be dreamy or dramatic. Experiment, but still economise. Be bold and be beautiful—but don’t break the bank. = (in order) alliteration; alliteration; reverse rhyme; alliteration 2 The underlined word(s) in each of the following examples 1)Nim Chimpsky sounds like Noam Chompsky, who believes that man has a language learning device in the mind, which enables the child to learn the language however badly it is taught. This makes man different from animal, which does not have such a device. That is why chimpanzee (who is considered to be the most intelligent animal) can never learn the language however hard it is taught. 2）Romeow is a word imitating the sound made by a cat and shares the same pronunciation with the main character in Shakespeare’s tragedy Romeo and Juliet. Romeo has deep love for Juliet. It indicates that Romeow the cat has affection for the master. 3) Record shop named Moby Disc, which implies it is a huge shop of its kind, for it reminds one of the Moby Dick, a book which depicts people hunt a huge whole called Moby Dick. 3 1)phonological devices in the following extract. A creak of hinges...aisle. In this passage the authors uses alliteration high-heeled, assonance tiled surface of the central aisle. What is more conspicuous is the use of onomatopoeic words such as creak, booming thud, flutter, tiptap, which present the different kinds of noises heard in the church. The use of such words help the reader share the same experience of the writer and make the description vivid and believable. 2）Read the following extract from the novel Adventures of Tom 3）Sawyer and comment on the graphological forms. “TOM!” No answer. ...--Mark Twai This is one episode of the novel Adventures of Tom Sawyer, depicting how Granny is looking for Tom, who is naughty and hiding under the bed. The different form of letters with punctuation marks indicates how Granny speaks. When we read it, we have the feeling of watching Granny on a stage play. For example, “TOM!” is said louder than “Tom!”. “Y-o-u-u, Tom!” indicates Granny drawls her voice and with unusual loudness so as to be heard far away. The exclamation marks “!” show her emotion, and the dash “— “ impl ies her sudden stop. The italicized through emphasizes the contrast with “over” and “under”, humorously implying her glasses are intended for ornament rather than practical use. In the whole passage, we see the only character Granny, who is speaking to herself. It is very much like a stage monologue. After reading, we have a vivid image of Granny in our mind. And there is a touch of humour all through. 3单元 1 What are thethree ways of clause classification classification according to constituents, verb phrase and functions. By constituents clauses can be grouped into SV(A), SVO(A), SVC, SVOO, SVOC. By verb phrase we have finite clause, non-finite clause and verbless clause. By functions clauses can be categorized either as independent clause or dependent clause. 2 how do we distinguish situation types By according to meaning or sense of the verb. 3 Name the participant roles in action types The participant roles in action types are: agentive role (doer of the action), external force (causer of the action), intrumental role (tool to do the action with), recipient role (receiver of the action) and objective role (the affected or the result of the action). 4 What is a simple sentence What is a multiple sentence Directly/indirectly A simple sentence conforms to the basic clause structure SV(O) (C) (A). A multiple sentence consists of more than one clause. It may be either a compound sentence,a complex sentence, or a mixed sentence. D :nominal clauses function as S O C .I:relative clauses function as modified in NP and comparative c f as m in NP ADJP 5 What is the difference between a minor sentence and an incomplete sentence