牛人考研冲刺英语笔记

写作笔记：

句型替换：主语改成宾语、主动改成被动、词汇给成词组、改变词性

词汇替换：实词的同义词近义词替换

三大定律：

1. 错误的复杂句不入正确的简单句

2. 上了考场写你想到的第二个词汇和句子

3. 上了考场写的每一个词和句子最好是背过的

把文章写成三段：（每点提纲写一段、每点提纲改写一下放在每段第一局作为主题句）提出问题、分析问题、解决问题

第一段：意义阐释图画描述2-3句

文字说明暗语（love is a lamp；love is like a lamp）

每次单复数可数名词不能单独出现一定要加定语

The real meaning of the picture is

表面含义+深层含义

第二段：举例论证（最好讲二个例子、抽象一点。每个例子1-2句话）

a：不定冠词，表示一种泛指

举例要结合题目的情景交待去举例（among……love is the noblest）

例子不在于大小、只要恰当就可以了。合理，可以虚构

第三段：建议措施

最好提两点建议

名词后加介词短语或不定式成后置定语；动词后加短语构成状语

范文：

It is of utmost importance to the human beings.

1. 大量使用物称代词作主语。It 类似。名词、人称、物称交叉

2. 大量使用主系表结构，主谓宾比较口语化，主系表比较书面化

3. 大量使用精彩词组

Be + of +N = adj

4. 大量使用精彩词汇。学过，但一般同学写不出来。但是要写，就要保证正确

The human beings------- us humans

Give 后一般加两个宾语

5. 大量使用精彩从句小作文3-5个从句，大作文5-7个从句

As is described in the picture, As it shown in the picture

6. 大量使用被动语态。主动语态比较主观，被动语态比较客观

7. 大量使用精彩句型。Just as an old saying, every coin has two sides 千万不要再写

英文在语用时标点符号为,

This is indeed true. 废话

8. 大量使用定语状语

Adj /adv;词组;借此短语; 分词短语(a student being 21);不定式;从句

不要太绝对，absolutely/definitely不要用；使用中庸词汇: may/generally/tend to/be more(less) likely to

Dim 暗淡天气、灯光a dim light

A thread of light 一线光辉call forth; step out of difficulties

同义替换：题目中、文章中

第二段直接举例不好，要有一个主题句

三种方法让文章生动起来：（主要用于举例论证和图画描述）

1. 使用进行时态

2. 引用原话（不一定是名家.如my teacher once told me ）

3. 描述动作

一个词汇在文章里面已经出现一次了，下一次用的时候一定要想一下有没有同义词可以替换它

Save his life = save his or her life (不要出现性别歧视)

连接两个例子应用: again 不要用or

Drop out of school/because of poverty/a small sum of/finish school

举例最后要有个小结

In/under this circumstances,

To sum up/in distress （处于困境）/in need of help/don’t hesitate to do sth.(小作文可用)

I believe that A and that B

满分：不跑题、语言精彩、结构严谨

范文2：

写好文章的第一句话和最后一句话

重视文章的第一段和每段的第一句话

It is generally believed that love is a hot topic which is most talked about.

It is universally acknowledged that A is a hot topic which is most talked aout.

Not only but also

Different--------various/diverse

Very much------desperately/great a lot

时态不要乱用。时态用现在时；现在进行时、现在完成时高级时可以用。

过去时的使用范围：图表描述和举例论证（自己的亲身经历）

将来时的使用范围：文章的最后一句话（喊口号）

使用形容词做表语比名词更加书面化。I am a shy person ------I was shy

Hence,

少用therefore

Showing our love, giving our help to others.-------showing our love by giving our help to others. 不要用两个并列的---ing做状语

写作训练：

要写有范文的作文：09、10两年的小作文01-10年作文

答题分配：

每十分的题目做18分钟

14：00---14：45写作A节12分钟写作。重点检查单词的拼写

14：15---14：50写作B节30分钟写作

14：50---16：00阅读A节

16：00---16：20完型填空

16：20---16：40阅读B节

16：40---17：00阅读C节

应用文：

（一）提高实力

1. 十遍精读：前四遍属于语言；中间四遍属于结构；最后两遍是内容。

* 精彩词汇（记得造句）

* 精彩词组

* 精彩句型

* 句子结构（简单句：主干+修饰成分、从句、时态、冠词、主谓一致：最常犯的错误）

* 段落结构：总分总，主题句（1句）+论证（2句）+小结（1句。可以考虑写或不写。主题句意思是一样的，不要照抄）。不要上了考场想一句写一句

* 关联词：小作文3-5个，大作文5-7个。和从句数量一致

* 同义替换：词汇+句型（主谓宾、主系表、过去分词短语放在句首做状语、使用现在分词短语放在句首做状语、使用介词短语放在句首做状语、不定式放在句首做状语、状语从句）

* 代词替换：中文多名词、英文多代词；it/that/they

* 精彩观点

* 原因建议

2. 背诵：滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善。求质不求量，求精不求泛。

Input、output

3. 默写：发现写作弱点

4. 中译英：提高写作实力

5. 写作：模仿

写作（结构）；中译英（语言）；十遍精读；背诵；默写

（二）掌握技巧：万能框架

1. 完全从一篇范文中总结X

2. 考研作文写三段，每段来自不同的范文X

3. 每段每句话都来自不同的文章︿﹀

大纲解读

私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。Memorandum; summary/abstract/thesis

最好不要非正式语言（缩略形式：缩写I’m/there’re最好不要用、省略：（I am）looking forward

to your reply、口语表达:by the way/well/as you know/感叹号都不要）

正式文体：大作文、大部分小作文、公务信函、摘要、报告、公务告示

半正式文体：私人信函（也不要写缩略、省略句、口语表达）、私人告示、备忘录

正式文体+3—5个非正式语言=半正式文体

语言评价标准：基本正确（语法：时态、冠词、主谓一致；拼写；标点：逗号、句号、不用省略号）丰富多变（词汇+句型）

运用文：100-120

小作文：10-12行。小作文7句话，大作文12句话左后。

大作文：20行

大作文：最多写200

小作文：情境改写放在第一段；提纲改写一下放在第二段。（辞职信：公务信函）所有的东西最好写两个：举例、原因、建议

！！小作文：允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。词组和句子千万不要照抄。

同义替换，想上一词：book ---material;

第一眼看是否了解英文写作规范大小作文都写三段。第二段最长，第三段次之，第一段最短第二眼看是否跑题：看每段的第一句话是否是主题句：这幅画生动描述了什么—this picture vividly illustrates that ；这幅图画的目的是告诉我们什么问题;在我看来，这个问题应该怎么解决、在我看来，这个问题是利大于弊还是弊大于利。

第三对文章进行扫描加查看

运用文格式：

左上角发信人地址，后下角收信人地址

1. 称呼

写给机构：1. 不认识负责人。一定要后加”,”。Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sir/Madam, To whom it may concern

2. 认识负责人Dear Mr./Ms. President/professor/Manager/Editor,

一律用Ms,

写给个人：1. 关系不亲密Dear President(Michael)Wang

2. 关系亲密Dear Michael

1. 题目中没有出现人名Dear Sir or Madam

2. 出现了人名Dear Mr. Wang

2. 正文：3段、7句、3-5关联词、3-5从句

第一段：2句（1. 自我介绍：公务性，私人信函不用I am a staff member from your company/corporation; I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior）undergraduate/graduate from the Department of ----of ----;2. 写作目的：I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books/resigning from my current post/position.)

第二段：3句（改写提纲一：1句；改写提纲二：1句；改写提纲三：1句）

第三段：2句（1.表示感谢：私人建议信除外。投诉信和建议信是有区别的，即使是投诉信也要对此表示感谢；My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words./Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you./I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.2.期待回信：I am looking forward

to your reply/hearing from you soon./I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience./Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.）感谢：appreciation/gratitude. Intellectual inquiry 知识学科/学科

小作文常用的三个词：would/could/please

3. 落款（第一行：结尾客套Yours sincerely, ; 第二行：签名Li Ming）

写作格式：缩进式（段间不空行，首行缩进。缩进四个字母。称呼顶头写，落款写成两行，写在稿纸中间偏后的位置，写成两行。左后对齐都可）

Dear Sir or Madam,

As引导原因状语从句。现在进行时可以表示将来的时态。As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM),I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books.

考研写作凑字数的四种方法：1.展开细节；2.结合自身；3.虚构情况；4.说明结果。

Due 充分考虑到

Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of ---by September1, 2007. I have arranged to pay for the service.

It is convenient: 使用物称代词作主语，主系表结构，形容词做标语都是取的高分的技巧。小作文以简洁为主:firstly, secondly, thirdly,

I would like to express my gratitude for you kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

I would like to 不要用had better/should

Project Hope:希望工程donate:捐款donation ; financial--economic

Offer –aid to; ---concerned

三点提纲各写一段：

To whom it may concern,

As a student who can support myself,I am writing to request if you can help me find a potential beneficiary (candidate) of Project Hope.

I wonder whether it is convenient for you if two things regarding the child are taken into account. First, the child should come from Sichuan Province because I intend to help a child from my hometown. Second, it will be better if he or she is a primary school student who was forced to drop school because of abject poverty.

Abject 极端的be forced to

I would like to help the recipient (candidate) of my assistance annually until he graduates from college. Firstly, the money will cover his tuition fee and other expenses at school. Besides, I will correspond with him frequently so that he can seek advice whenever he needs. Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.

备忘录

上级对下级或同级之间的半正式书信

报告：下级对上级的正式书信

索赔信、备忘录和报告要写题目。

其二与书信的区别：

1. 格式不同

Date: January 20, 2007

To: Percy Shelley, Vice President

From: Li Ming, President

Subject: Computer Training of the Staff(实词大写、虚词和冠词等非实词小写)

2. 写法不同

As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff (employee). We need to make a plan of training our employees in the new field.

I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program. We had better (大作文最好不用had better. 用would like to do)classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.

Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science. (特点为省略句和祈使句。大作文也不用)

摘要

摘要三点：1.不超过原文三分之一，可少不可多。一定要写够100词

2. 不要评论、不要照抄；不要发表任何意见

3. 写法：改写每段首尾句

段落写作----真题透视；每年考题是中性话题、次热门话题。

前两段“观点陈述”

1992年考题，要写一遍

代沟：generation gap (ex-generation 新兴人类)

OUTLINE:

1. Present situation: Lack of communication between and child

2. Possible reasons: 1) Different likes and dislikes; 2) Misunderstanding;3)Others

3. Suggestions: 1) For parent; 2) For children

若是这类题，第二段最好是放原因

1.评论现象要“有利有弊”a win-win deal 双赢

As a --, one can hardly do without a friend. Loyalty /sincere sincerity/ easygoing/ noble character Need---necessity

My suggestion 也要提两点建议。一定不要只提一点建议

The desire for – is universal. Keep fit 保持健康

Do physical exercises/keep optimistic (pessimistic)/well-balanced diet/go on a diet/regular meals Predict the tendency of ---

不健康、浪费钱、国家控制

2001

Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave（严重的）consequences, yet the tobacco

companies still claim that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy.

Led to --- consequences/two viewpoints

Make full use of---图表中的信息每个都要写到，缺一不可

！！！Criticize 评论（不仅仅是批评）

98

The messages conveyed by the cartoon.

Good wine needs no bush / guarantee/egg shell、egg white、yolk、all-round/normal/regular/not weird/duty—responsibility/abnormal trend 不正常的趋势

千万不要翻译成语/考研写作和政治时事不要生搬硬套/

99

Wildlife 野生动物（单复数同型）

00

Deduce the purpose of the drawer(画) of the pictures

Counter-measures:抵制措施

Sustainable development 可持续发展

Interpret its meaning

90%的同学怎么写，你就怎么写

花朵---

Support your view with an example/examples（举例论证）无须发表议论

小结：

1.以图画作文为主（图画描述、意义阐释、举例论证）

2.框架结构：三段160-200词，12句（11-13），5-7个关联词，5-7个从句

第一段：3句；第二段：5段；第三段：4句

第一段（2-3句）：引言段、起始段、淘金段。不要空乏议论

第一句：总体描述（1句）这幅图画生动描述了什么（人物：动物、事物+动作+环境）

两种事物：鱼、船

动作：鱼和渔船数量的变化

生动表述了鱼和渔船在一百年内数量的变化。如果是两幅图，两幅图概括

事物：花朵、温室、风雨、闪电

描述：一朵鲜花在不同环境下的命运

人物：小男孩

动作：跑步/冲刺

环境：操场上

描述：小男孩在操场是跑步/运动员在跑道上冲刺

Make a final spurt(冲刺)/race track

人物：5个，人物超过两位进行分类

动作：踢一场养老足球赛

环境：球场上football field

描述：四个孩子在球场上踢一场养老足球赛

人物：3个人，理发师不用描述。如果考两幅图，这两幅图需要概括

描述：BECKHAM在中国很受欢迎/很流行

人物：2个

描述：两个运动员在球场上踢一场足球赛/守门员正在守门，前锋正在准备射门

Striker

人物：小女孩

动作：无

环境：不知

图画中无动作和环境时，描述包括：人物+服装+表情

描述：一个美国小女孩穿着中国服装、面带微笑

第二句：挖掘细节词、串联成句（1-2句）

第三句：文字说明/象征寓意（1句）

第二段：主体段（5句话）

1、主题句（1句）——写图画的象征寓意（文章的中心思想）。小作文的中心思想是文章的写作目的

大作文不可缺少的四样：1.描述；2.寓意（首段尾句或二段首句）；3.分析（分析意义和原因）;4.评论（写成建议/措施/归纳/结论）

2005-2015年历年考研英语一完形填空真题

The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million. Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire. 1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while 2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides 3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined 4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking 5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore 6.[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if 7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting 8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused 9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas 10.[A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical 11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses 12.[A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times 13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed 14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient 15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create 16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless 17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired 18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice 19.[A]available [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable 20.[A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from

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