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任务型中级汉语口语

任务型中级汉语口语
任务型中级汉语口语

研究现状

(一)任务型教学的定义和特点

1.1定义:

任务型教学强调在真实或者接近真实的任务中进行教学。从而使学习者更好的掌握并运用语言。是以构建主义、语言习得理论为基础,主张在“在做中学、在用中学”以

完成任务做事情的过程中接触于语言、学习语言,在运用

语言完成任务过程中掌握语言。其中任务以学习意义为主,任务中要有问题需通过语言交际进行解决,其是与真实世

界的活动有类似之处。首先要完成任务,然后根据结果评

估任务。但就任务而言,很多学者有着不同的定义。

Long认为自己或者他人以有偿或者无偿的方式完成一

项任务,任务是日常生活中人们完成的各种各样的事情。

例如:去买食品、租房、商场购物、乘公交车、参观博物

馆等活动。

Nunan认为任务是教学中的规范,学习者在获得内容时,需要自己经过思考理解后再语言的输出。任务活动中

教师应当引导学生语言内容的表达。

Willis认为任务是以交流学习目的为主,在完成任务中

获得语言的活动,学习者以交际为目的进行的学习,尽可

能使任务真实化和社会化,从而达到学习和使用任务目标

语言的活动。符合真实自然情景的任务会使学习者的语言

获得大幅度进步,任务不应该为了某一特殊语言结构而设计, 实施任务不应该强调语言规范变成语言结构的表演。

真实世界活动行为是应成为任务设计的驱动力, 从而以互动的方式推进语言的学习。

Skehan 认为任务以意义为主体,通过语言交际解决问题,任务类似于实际生活的中的活动。虽然其对任务的定义不同角度的阐述,但总结为:1.任务是一种活动,存在课堂中,也存在课堂之外的活动。2.任务与真实世界具有关联性。两者息息相关。3.任务活动是群体活动,交际为主完成任务为首要考虑。4.其任务符合学习者的认知,有助于学习的实现。

1.2 特点

通过学者们的定义我们可以看到,不同的学者对任务有着不同的定义,但是其共同点都是任务。是要求学习者使用所学的语言知识达到某个目的而完成的一项活动。任务型教学的主要目的是以提升学者的口语表达能力和实际交际能力为主。其主要特点

1、将真实的语言信息材料引入学习的环境。任务型教学主张给学习者提供真实的学习活动和学习信息材料,将传统教学活动中的不真实性的行为活动大大降低。

2、任务型语言教学关注语言本身和学习的过程。任务型课堂教学强调教学过程,通过以完成真实生活任务为主的学习过程,达到获得使用语言的能力。

3、整个课堂学习中,以学生为中心。以课堂上的语言活动和社会的语言活动相结合,强调语言的综合运用。任务型课堂教学不仅仅只培养学生的语言交际能力,还强调学生将学习到的语言与实际生活活动中的运用。

综合看来,任务型语言教学的重要特点就是改变了传统的以教师为中心的教学观,而将更多的注意力放在学生上,形成以学生为中心的教学模式。任务型教学的优点是可以避免枯燥的句型操练,并把语言教学从单纯的语言知识的传授过渡到对学生语言交际能力的培养。学生的需要和感情为中心,让他们主动地、积极地参与到学习过程中来,外语学习将更为有效。因此,教师的角色也由原来的课堂主导者、控制者转变成学习的促进者、管理者和参与者,随时准备为学生解答疑问。相应的,学生一改传统教学法中被动的接受者的角色,在语言学习中变得更为主动积极。

(二)对外汉语口语课的特点和性质

2.1特点

对外汉语课堂教学是对外汉语教学的基本组织形式,集中地体现了对外汉语过程。教学过程中的语言理解、掌握、巩固、运用等阶段主要在课堂教学中完成。实施教学计划,贯彻教学原则,运用教学方法,完成课堂教学并实现教学目标这几个任务都体现在课堂教学。

口语表达主要通过对话和独白的形式完成。学生学习后,如何在现实和未来使用汉语的目标场景中熟练运用,并同事真实自然的语音语调表达存在着一定的难度。所以口语课是对外汉语学习的重要课型,是学生将语言知识运用到实际生活中,具有强烈的实践意义的实用色彩。

2.2 性质

对外汉语口语课是学习汉语的一门重要的课程,是对

外汉语学习和理解的基础。口语课是一门看似容易,其实

难上的的课。口语的本质特点是“说”,并结合语言知识

和能力,通过声音达到彼此交流沟通的目的。

(三)任务型教学在中级汉语口语中的应用

3.1任务型教学法开始于上世纪80年代,随着大量语

言专家的研究,任务型教学法在上世纪90年代理论体系逐

渐成熟。而不同的专家对此研究不同

其中钱季玉冰在2006年,得出学生在中级汉语课堂上

进行接近实际生活活动任务会对学生的语言能力大大的提升。提出在任务型教学理论基础上,应结合教学课程设计,在语言教学中采取交际活动,让学生在中级汉语课堂上进

行现实真实生活的活动任务,这样会提高学生的语言能力。

李美慧2017年,得出汉语中级口语教学中,以真实的

生活场景为活动为任务,学生在课堂上模拟执行语言任务

活动,将语言与任务活动结合,进行学习并慢慢掌握语言。这不仅仅会使学生在课堂上增加对汉语口语的学习,还会

以学生为中心,更加让学生积极参与,在此过程中让学生

对于使用语言能力提高信心。

马颖2012年提出要用各种类似或者接近现实生活的交际任务,来组织引导学生,让学生接触真实语言案例,来掌握现实生活中的语言,掌握叙事、评价、说明等语言表达方式,培养学生的汉语语言习惯,掌握语句的意义和表达语言内容的完整性。这对于学生中级汉语口语能力的提

高很有帮助。

宋辉2013年得出在任务教学法在中级汉语口语中,教学过程中采用一个全新的设计模式,让学生在执行语言任务过程中,通过自己所掌握的汉语知识,在完成任务交际活动中,不仅可以使老师的汉语教学的质量得到提高,而且还会将课堂气氛活跃。学生也会有一个良好的学习心态,学生的学习能力也得到了提高。

《沟通—任务型中级汉语口语》的主编赵雷2016年得

出任务型教学在中级汉语口语中,其教学内容是学生需要的,方法是有效的,成果是显著的。教学基本实现文秋芳

提出的“四让”,实现了四个“达到”最大限度。即学生

直接参与课堂的学习时间、学生直接参与课堂学习的覆盖面,学生的交际的真实状况、学生之间相互学习。其大大

的提高的学生的学习效能。最新提出第“五让”原则,是

为最大限度的提高学生的口头表达质量,这一次新原则的

提出,将又一次提高教学效能,让学生的事半功倍的完成

中级汉语的学习。

任务型阅读

训练四 1 请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填人最恰当的单词。 This year, about 2300 teenagers from all over the world will spend about 10 months in US homes. At the same time about 1300 American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and learn the rest of the world. Here is a 2-way student exchange in action. Fred ,19,spent last year in Germany with George’s family .In turn , George’s son Mike spent a year in Fred’s home in American. Fred ,a lively young man ,knew little German when he arrived. But after 2 months of studying ,the language become easy for him. School was completely different from what he had expected and it was much harder. Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. They took 14subjects instead of 6 that were usually taken in the US. Family life, too, was different. The father’s word was the law. All the activities were done with the family rather than individually. Fred found the food to be too simple at first. He also missed having a car. “Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out to have a good time. In Germany, you walk but you soon learn to like it.” At the same time, in America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his own ideas. “I suppose I should criticize American schools,” he says, ”It is far too easy for our level but I have to say that I like it a lot. In Germany, we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many activities . I think that maybe American schools are better than in training their citizens. There ough t to be some middle ground between the two.” 2 请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填人最恰当的单词。 The family sphere(范围) used to be defined by its isolation from the public realm. There was the public male realm(领域)of "rational accomplishment" and cruel competition, and the private female and child-rearing sphere of home, intuition(直觉)and emotion. The private realm was supposed to be isolated from the realities of adult life. For both better and worse, television and other electronic media tend to break down the difference between those two worlds. The membrane around the family sphere is much more permeable(可渗透的). TV takes public events

读写练习

读写任务型写作,主要有两种writing styles,即:读记叙文写议论文:读议论文写记叙文。整篇文章由转述+表述(己述)构成,它充分展示考生的概括能力和语言能力. I.请阅读下面段落,概括全篇,并找出与之搭配的概括技巧。 Skill 1:Omit(省略) the details Skill 2 : Omit the repetitions Skill 3: Omit the example Skill 4:Use general(概括性) words instead of specific(具体的) words Skill 5:Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech 1.You can think of a way to manage your temper. Here are the tips: 1)We should try to calm down and figure out what we are really upset about. 2)Keep a diary. It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. 3)We can try to talk with our best friends to release stressful emotions. 概括:_______________________________________________________________ 2. Nowadays more and more teenagers try to be more independent from their parents and sometimes become very rebellious. They always want to wear long and strange hair style, which their parents complain about a lot. They also spend too much time on the Internet and playing computer games. 概括:_______________________________________________________________ 3. Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly, ―You put too much salt on your food, Paul. It’s not at all good for you!‖ Paul put down his knife and frowned, ‖Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful…like eating wood or sand…just imagine bread without salt in it 概括:________________________________________________________________ 4. She bought a lot of vegetables such as cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes and some eggs. She intended to invite all his friends for her birthday party at the weekend. 概括:__________________________________________________________________ Suggested answer: 1. Skill 3;There are many tips for you to manage your temper as follows. 2.Skill 1;Nowadays there is an increasing tendency that more and more teenagers try to behave independently and differently. 3.Skill 5;Kate asked Paul not to use too much salt on his food and told him many advantages of it. 4.Skill 4;To hold her birthday party at the weekend, she bought a lot of vegetables. II.请阅读下面文章,用30 个词左右概括全篇内容。 1. Advertising can be a service to customers. This is true when ads give reliable information about the goods advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a wise choice when he buys something. It is useful because it can help the customer know more about the kinds of goods available in the shops. Printed ads do this job best. Customers can collect them and compare them. They can be used to check against the actual goods in the shops. Some ads are not very useful to the customers. Instead of helping the customer to satisfy his real needs, they set out to make him want unnecessary things by doing ads cleverly. The people who produce them understand our weakness. They set out to make us believe that what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier, more handsome, if only we use it .For example, the voice on TV says, ―By using our SKII, it makes your skin crystal.‖ The screen shows a series of pictures

三篇很好的读写任务和基础写作练习

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2015届高考英语二轮训练:任务型读写(3)

2015届高考高三英语二轮训练:任务型读写(3) 任务型读写 Time,a faithful company of our life,is a universal topic.People are always curious about what it is,how it travels and who it meets. Stephen Hawking,one of the world’s smartest physicists,once said,“I’m fascinat ed by time.” Many of us are,and the popularity of time travel novels,movies and TV series has proved that.After Palace and Startling by Each Step achieved astonishing ratings last year,Palace 2 aired on January 20,attracting time travel fans back to TV. Wo ody Allen’s movie Midnight in Paris achieved great success.It was nominated for Best Picture,Directing,Original Screenplay and Art Direction for the 2012 Academy Awards. Dream of heroism Time travel TV series and movies connect both today and the past,thus offering room for imagination.Imagination creates a chance for the young to fulfill a dream that is hard to achieve in reality. Chinese writer Xi Juan is a pioneer of time travel stories in China.In 1993 she published a love story about a young woman time traveling to ancient times.The leading role’s modern personality and perception of love help her win the heart of a cool,handsome martial art master.Such a plot satisfies female fans’ love fantasy. Starting from the late 1990s,novels about men traveling back to the past prevailed(盛行),with A Step into the Past as the most popular example.In these stories,the male leading roles accomplish great things with their modern skills and wisdom. It is usually “a dream of heroism comes true”,along with enviable romances. Eye candy “I’m hooked by the shows because they are characterized by dramatic and poetic love and have eye-pleasing actors,” Xia Xiaoyan,who works for a foreign-owned enterprise in Shanghai,explained her love for time travel TV series. Her comment echoes a 2011 survey by Great Marketing Research Co.Ltd in China.When asked about what is so appealing about time travel TV series,21 percent of respondents answered,“These attractive characters.” A bigger reason behind the popularity of time travel stories,however,is the relaxation they offer,according to the survey. Cai Yinong agrees.“Many people are facing tremendous pressure in their fast-paced lives,so this genre is more relaxing than other shows as it provides people with a terrific outlet to escape reality,” Cai told China Daily. Cultural homesickness “Which dynasty would you like to live in if you could travel to the past?” asked

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第一课 《今天你看电视吗》 教学目标:1.生词镀银的纠正、生词解释,生词运用 2.课文重点句型的掌握与运用 3.模仿课文对话 重点难点:1.词语、重点句型的掌握及运用 2. 生字、生词、语言点、课文阅读及复述 3.学生汉语发音的纠正 教学方法:讲解法、启发法 课时分配:生词讲解1课时课文讲解1课时 语言点与练习讲解:2课时副课文讲解:2课时 教学步骤: 一、生词讲解: 1.就 (副) jiù 凑近,靠近:避难就易。就着灯看书。 到,从事,开始进入:就位。就业。就寝。就任。就绪。就医。高就。 依照现有情况或趁着当前的便利,顺便:就近。就便。就事论事。 便即去避 2.电视剧 (名) diànshìjù 为电视台播映而编写、录制的戏剧。 3.结果 (连) jiéɡuǒ 在一定阶段,事物发展所达到的最后状态:优良的成绩,是长期刻苦 学习的~ㄧ经过一番争论,~他还是让步了。 4.广告 (名) ɡuǎnɡɡào 向公众介绍商品、服务内容或文娱体育节目的一种宣传方式,一般通 过报刊、电视、广播、招贴等形式进行。 5.简直 (副) jiǎnzhí ①表示完全如此(语气带夸张):屋子里热得~呆不住ㄧ街上的汽 车一辆跟着一辆,~没个完。②〈方〉索性:雨下得那么大,你~ 别回去了。 6.明白 (形、动) mínɡbɑi

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读写任务(方法和措施)

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