学位英语讲稿(第二部分)

第二次课程内容；

一，测验（15分钟）。解答。

二，怎样做词汇题。

1．看06年考题（书，p.280）38-43.

看07年考题（书，p.292）36-40.

2．考点（书，p.31）：

（1）.近义词在不同语境中的应用。如：

A. accident 意外不幸事故

B.incident 小事

件，纠纷

C. event 公共事件，竞赛项目

D.matter 生活中

事情

One chief in 2008 was that the Olimpic Games

was held in China.

（2）短语,形似词或惯用语的解析。如：

A. give in 让步

B.hand in 递交

C. break in 强行进入

D.get in 收获

Marry used to her homework in the

morning.

3．解题指导：先浏览全题，推断空格处的词是什么意思，什么词类，

再从待选答案中选出最佳答案。对明显不可用的，先加以排除。

4．课堂练习：书p.31 例1，例2.

5. 读近义词（书，p.42）

6.家庭作业。书，p.66.

三．语法精要

回顾

二.名词所有格。

(一)后面加’s 的情形

1. 生物。

2.国家机关、社团，地理名称，时间、距离、价值、重量。

(二)前面加of的情形

无生命的事物。

三．代词

排列顺序，一般情况下，表示尊重他人：你，他，我。

承认错误时：我，他，你。

第二节主谓一致

谓语（动词）的“数”和“人称”要和主语一致.主谓一致有三项原则：语法一致，意义一致和位臵就近的原则。为了便于记忆，这里把三项原则归纳起来，讲在什么情况下谓语应该用单数还是复数。

（一）谓语（动词）要用单数的情况. 可用一句口诀来记忆：

单单不定代数专抽整对动物

．

（二）谓语（动词）用复数的情况可用一句口诀来记忆：

（谐音）集体莲蓉

集体连容

集体：只代表集体的名词 (police,public,cattle等) 代表其中众多个体时。如： Police arrive at the site immediately.

连：用连词and, both ….and …,连接多个名词构成的主语. 如：

Both you and I are studying in Sun Yet-sen University.

容：形容词前面有the, 代表一类人，如：the poor, the Chinese, the disabled 等．如：The Japanese were once very aggressive.

（三）视情况决定动词用单数或复数以及其人称。

《名词，主谓一致》课堂练习

1. Those general （） need to be seen in the context

of this particular competition.

A. truthes

B. truths

C. truthies

D. truth

2. Just last year a （） manuscript written by Albert

Einstein was sold in New York.

A. 54-page

B. 54 page

C. 54-pages

D. 54 pages

3.George, together with his family,( )flying to Beijing.

A. are

B. has

C. is

D. are going to

4. Some of the money ( ) missing.

A. was

B. were

C. have

D. has

5. A lot of the stories those ( ) never been published.

A. is

B. are

C. have

D. have

6. The number of the students in the class ( ) small.

A. is

B. are

C. have been

D. become

7. A pair of specticles ( ) what I need at the moment.

A. was

B. are

C. is

D. were

8. The are going to buy ( ) for their new house.

A. many new furniture

B. much new furnitures

C. much new furniture

D. many new furnitures.

历次考题中考主谓一致的题目：05年64题（书p.260），06年45题（书，p.280）,68题。

第三节关系代词。紧跟先行词，引导出从句，同时是从句中的一种成分（主语，宾语）

一．一般用法

(一)who指人,在从句中做主语。

The man who has gotten nice mark is my student.

（二）whom指人，在从句中做宾语。

The man to whom I presented a gift is my student.

(三) which 指物，在从句中可做主语或宾语。

The watch which was on sale is a good one.

The watch which my brother bought is a good one.

二．That 的使用。在下列条件下，应该用that取代who.whom 或which.

（一）在all, much,only后，或在anything,something,everything,……后。

He is the only man that can do this job.

Everything that he said is right.

（二）先行词前含有序数词或形容词最高级。

The story is the most interesting one that I ever heard.

Heis the second mam that break the world record.

(三)强调句型。It is ………… that ……..

It is the machine that we have been finding.

(四)在非限定性从句中和介词后，不能用that引导从句。

The food, which you put in the refrigerator one week ago, has gone bad.

The university, with which you have been working, is a famous one.

历届考题中有关题目。

05年42题（p.258），06年72题(p.282).

成人学位英语应试辅导班教学资料（第二部分）

第三单元语法精要

第二章动词的基本时态及被动语态（书，p.84- ）

练习：书。P.90. 05年考题62（p.260）。 06年考题71(p.282). 07年考题59(p.294).

第三章虚拟语气（书，p.112）

上列主句的动词都是主动语态的。如果是被动语态，要作相应改变.上面第一例句说“月亮会飞向太阳”。如果改说“月亮会被太阳吸引过去”则要写成：t he moon would be attracted by the sun. 第二例句说“我会考虑这个建议”。如果改说，“这个建议将会被我考虑”，则要写成：the proposal would be considered by me.

第二节虚拟语气的其他情形

(一)隐含条件

1．可不用if, 而用含蓄条件句。如用介词短语表示条件，如: Without gravity, the moon would fly to the sun. (违背现在) 2，条件句隐含不写。如：

You might have flown to the moon. (违背过去.)

(隐含If you had been an astronaut.)

(二)使用虚拟语气的其他场合, 用口诀记忆:

命令必须用虚拟希望宁可条件句

1.包含order命令, necessary必要, demand须要,ask（请求），

important重要,insist坚持，suggest建议等的主语从句或宾语从句的动词用原形。因为它们都是“违背现在”的虚拟语气，本来动词应该用should + 原形。但是，习惯上总把should省去，直接用原形.

主语从句

It is necessary that you review your course after class.

主语从句

It was suggested that everyone do exercise in the morning.

宾语从句，被动语态

They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult.

He requested that the shipment be made within ten days.

2. wish(希望)的宾语从句（总省去引导词that）, if only（但愿…

就好了）, it is time (该是．．的时候了) 和would rather（宁可，

但愿）的从句,要用虚拟语气的条件句的动词。

（１）对现在和将来的希望要用一般过去时。

希望现在：I wish you were a big boss.

希望将来：Chinese people wish their country became a very

strong one.

希望现在：If only I could speak English like a native

American.

It is time that we started our class.

希望现在：I’d rather that the price of medicine dropped down

dramatically.

（２）违背既往事实的“愿望”要用过去完成时。

The prisoner wishes he had not robbed the bank.

练习：书p.120. 05年考题36（p.267）,67(p.261),69(p.270),06年

考题48（p.280）,62(p.281)。07年考题63（p.294）,66(p.294),72(p.294).

第四章形容词和副词

一．形容词的作用

（一）作定语.用来修饰名词

（二）作表语.在系动词（be, feel, look….）后面，表明主语的情况。

His teacher is very young.

You look nice!

（三）作补语

Have you got everything ready for the journey.

(四)几个形容词的排序。限定词→形容词（1.性质，2.形状，3. 年

龄，4.颜色，5.来源，6.材料，7.基本特征和用途）→名词。这种排序和中

国人的习惯很接近。例：

Two very valuable big red Jpanese wooden writing table

数量词副词性质形状颜色来源材料用途名词

.

二．副词的作用

（一）作状语。修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。说明时间，地点，原因，结果，程度，状态等。

（二）几个副词的排序。1.频度（often, frequently,……）,2. 程度（very,quite,…..）.3.方式。4.地点，5，时间。例：

He often studies very hard in the library on weekends.

代词频度动词程度方式地点时间

三．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

下面主要针对形容词讲述，副词类似。

（一）同级比较.

1.结构：主体＋动词＋as 形容词原级as＋比较对象.

主体和比较对象的性质必须相同.

例：Marry is as beautiful as Jane. （人和人比）

The dog runs as fast as the fox does(代替runs) (跑和跑比)

2. 如果主体和比较对象的性质和性状相同,后者应该用one 或that 代替．

例：Guangzhou city is as prosperous as that (代替city）in Europe.

（城市和城市比）

3.有时比较对象可以省掉,用所有格表示：

例：Your bag is as large as John’s.（省掉bag）

（二）比较级。形容词字形很短的（只有一两个音节），在词的后面加er. 形容词长达两或三个音节以上的，在前面加more.

比较结构（限于两件事物比较）

1, 当形容词是传统英文时，比较级的结构：

主体＋动词＋形容词比较级＋than＋比较对象.

例：This tower is bigger than that one.

The winter in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing.

2．若形容词源于拉丁文，或是少数传统英文的，本身已经包含比较

意义，如superior优越于, prior先于, senior较年长、资深, inferior

较低劣, preferable较合适等，不再有“比较级”，这时比较的结构

是加to在后面:

主体+ 动词+ 形容词原字to + 比较对象.

例:The computers made in Japan are superior to those made in India.

Coffee is preferable to tea, I think.

３，越，越．

结构:The ＋比较级＋主语＋动词，the ＋比较级＋主语＋动词.

The harder you study, the better effect you get.

在意义不言自明的情况下,口语中甚至可以简化为

The harder, the better.

III. 最高级（三件以上事物的比较）最高级前要加the.

1. 结构: 主体＋动词＋the 最高级＋（in 或among）＋对象

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

Shanghai is the biggest city among cities in China.

2. 结构: 主体＋动词＋比较级＋than＋（any other，else )＋对象

Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.

Shanghai is bigger than else cities in China.

注意：避免重复使用最高级(如most highest).

练习：书(p.94).06考题64,66（p.282）,07考题75（p.295）

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