自考综合英语二-上册-下册-课文翻译

綜合英語二上冊課文翻譯

lesson1学校要是教给我们这12种本领就好了卡尔·萨根

1.二战刚结束，我在纽约和新泽西的公立学校上了初中和高中。现在想来似乎是很久远的事了。学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国大大高于一般水准。因而，那时的我可以说是受益匪浅。我所学到的最重要的一点，就是要学的东西实在是太多，而我还没有学到的东西也太多。有时候，我想那时要是能学点真正重要的东西，今天我会多么地心存感激。在有些方面，当时的教育十分狭窄；关于拿破仑，在学校里我所学到的仅仅是美国从他手里买下路易斯安那。（在一个约95％的居民不是美国人的星球上，学校当局认为只有美国历史才值得讲授。）在拼写、语法、数学基础知识以及其他重要的学科的教授上，我的老师们做得相当不错。但是还有许多其他的东西，我曾希望他们教授给我。

2.或许该教而没教的缺陷自那以后已经得以纠正。照我看来似乎有许多东西（主要是态度问题、认识问题，而不是简单的对事实记忆的问题）学校应当教授——那些在以后的生活中真正有用的东西，即那些能使国家更强大、世界更美好，也能使人们更幸福的东西。人类乐于学习。这是我们人类比这个星球上其它物种做得好些的为数有限的几件事中的一件。每个学生都应该经常体验一下说出“啊，原来是这么一回事！”时的感受——也就是你以往不懂的或是不知道自己不懂的事情，一下子变得豁然开朗时的感受。

3.下面就是我列出的方法:

挑一件难事，从中学习

4.希腊哲学家苏格拉底曾经说过这是人类最大的乐趣之一，确实也是如此。与其涉足多门学科而略知一二，莫如选其一两个学科学深学透。只要你对所选的课题感兴趣，只要你的研究不脱离课题本身更为广阔的人文环境，你的课题

是什么并不重要。教会你自己一个课题以后，你就会对教授你自己另一课题的能力更加充满信心。你会逐渐发现你已获得了一种主要技能。世界的变化日新月异，你必须在一生中不断地教授你自己。但不要沉溺于你感兴趣的或你擅长的第一门学科而止步不前。这个世界充满了奇妙的事物，有些我们完全长大成

不要害怕问“愚蠢的”问题

5.许多明显幼稚的提问其实是很深刻的问题，诸如草为何是绿的，太阳为何是圆的，为什么我们的世界需要55000个核武器。对这些问题的回答很可能会使你对事物有深刻的理解。尽可能明确你有哪些事情不明弊同样也很重要，提问题就是找出不懂之处的办法。提“愚蠢的”问题，对于提问者来说需营勇气，对答问者来说需要知识和耐心。不要把自己的学习局限于课堂。与朋友深入地讨论观点或想法。明知会引起嘲笑而提问要比把问题埋在心里、对周围的一切变得麻木不仁要勇挂得多。

仔细倾听

6.很多情况下人们谈活时，总是争相表现自己，这类交谈对双方都无多大益处。当别人在谈话时，不要费时去思考自己接下来打算说什么，而是设法搞懂他们说的是什么，什么样的经历才使他们说这些话，你从这些话中能学到什么，你对说这些话的人又能了解到什么情况等。老年人所经历的世界与你所经历的截然不同，你也许对其知之甚少。老年人及来自其他地方和其他国家的人们有可以丰富你的生活的十分重要的对事物的看法。

人人都会犯错误

7.每个人对事物的理解都是不全面的。要乐于接受改正，学会纠正自己的错误。你应该感到丢人的倒是没有从错误中吸取教训。

了解你所处的星球

8.这是我们仅有的一个星球。要了解它是如何运作的。我们往往为了短期的利益，在尚不了解（这些做法）长远影响的情况下，正在改变大气层、改变地球的表面以及地球的水系。任何一个国家的公民至少对我们人类要走向何处都有发言权。如果我们不理解这些问题，我们就是放弃未来。

科学与技术

9.除非你了解科学与技术，否则你不会了解你所在的星球。我记得学校的理科课程专讲科学的次要方面，而对科学的深层含义几乎只字不提。现代科学的每项重大发现同时也是对人类精神的重大发现。例如，哥白尼证明地球根本不是什么太阳、月亮及其他行星和星球按顺时针方向绕其转动的宇宙中心，它只不过是许多小小世界当中的一个而已。这当然煞了我们人类的自命不凡的傲气，但是同时（哥白尼的学说）也开阔了我们的眼界，使我们看到一个漫无边际的、令人敬畏的宇宙。每个高中毕业生都应对哥白尼、牛顿、达尔文、弗洛伊德以及爱因斯坦的深刻思想有所了解。（爱因斯坦的狭义相对论并不晦涩，也不是特别难懂，只要有一年级的几何知识和在河中划艇逆流而上和顺流而下的概念，其基本原理就完全可以弄懂。）

不要终生沉迷在电视上

10.你当然知道我在说什么。

文化

11.感受一下文学、艺术和音乐名篇的熏陶，既然一部作品已存在了几百年或是几千年，今天仍然受到赞赏，那么大概它确实是有些名堂。要搞清楚人们到底为什么对这些作品还如此热衷，你就得下点功夫，一切感人至深的经历莫不如此。但是一旦你付出努力，你的生活就会得到改变；你就会获得你余生可

享受到的快乐与兴奋的源泉。在我们所处的联系如此紧密的一个世界里，不要仅仅沉迷于美国或西方文化之中，要了解其他地方的人们是如何想的，想些什么。了解他们的历史、他们的宗教以及他们的观点。

同情

12.许多人认为我们生活在一个异常自私的时代。如果你仅为自己活着，那你就会感到空虚、感到孤独。人是能够相互同情、相互热爱、相互关心的。但是，这些感情需要鼓励才能不断增强。13.如果你看到一个一两岁的孩子学做一件事时的乐趣，你就会明白人类学习的意志有多么坚强了。我们有渴望了解宇宙的热忱，我们有对他人的同情心，人类的希望主要寄托于此。

第二课偶像

英雄与文化偶像加里·高西加里安

1 如果让你列举10位美国的英雄人物，下列人物极有可能榜上有名：乔治·华盛顿、亚伯拉罕·林肯、丹尼尔·布恩、马丁·路德·金、埃米利亚·埃尔哈特、苏珊·B·安东尼、杰奎林·肯尼迪·奥纳西、海伦·凯勒、伊丽莎白·卡迪·斯坦顿、以及罗莎·帕克斯。如果再让你列举一些在社会上受到普遍欣赏、貌似非凡的人，恐怕你会开列一份全然不同的名单。事实上，这些人只是因其巨额财富和外在魅力而受到赞赏，而并非由于他们的显著成就与内在人格魅力而得到世人瞩目。做出如此选择的绝非你一个人。民间测验表明今天人们已不再选择那些创造了历史的政治领袖作为“最钦佩的人物”，而是选择了影视名人、时装模特、职业运动员、甚至连环画和漫画中的人物。简而言之，选择的都是媒体偶像。

2 就定义而言，英雄之所以与众不同是由于他们具有非凡的勇气，取得了卓越的成就，常常舍己为人——他们是我们衡量别人的标准。他们是大家公认

的不仅对他们的崇拜者的一生，而且对国家意识观念的形成和国家的发展都起着举足轻重作用的人物。但是，有人说，我们生活在一个难以产生真正英雄的时代，我们无法理解英雄主义这个概念到底是什么——它是过去时代的产物。有人坚持认为，由于冷战结束，由于美国正处在和平时期，因此我们这个时代基本上不是一个英雄豪壮的时代。此外，我们这个时代犯罪率总体下降，日益强大的经济实力使国内的贫困状况得到缓解，医学事业也在不断发展进步。因此，由于缺失了民族文化的英雄，我们便迷上了通俗文化的偶像——那些如演员、运动明星、电视明星的媒体巨星以及那些只是因为有名而成名的人。

3 给通俗文化偶像下定义更难。但我们会一眼识出他们。他们已经超越名流，成为传奇式人物，或者不知何故已经成了神话式的人物。究竟是哪些因素使有些人成为偶像，另一些人仅成了名流了呢？这个问题很难回答。部分原因是因为他们的生平带有故事的传奇色彩。举个例子，年青貌美的戴安娜·斯宾塞19岁时嫁给了王子，生下了小王子，后声明放弃婚姻与王位，然而在找到真爱之时却死于非命。长相漂亮当然有用。借助媒体炒作也来的那种难以描述的特殊的个人魅力也同样有用。然而悲剧性的英年早逝却是造就偶像最重要的因素，如马丁·路德金、约翰·F·肯尼迪以及戴安娜王妃。

当名人唐娜·伍尔福克·克罗萨

4 百年以前，人们因其所做出的成就而出名，像J.P.摩根，E.H.哈里曼和杰·古尔德等人都是著名的事业有成之人；托马斯·爱迪生，马克·吐温以及苏珊·B·安东尼也是大有作为之士。

5 即使今天，他们的成就依然显而易见。当今，人们成名往往不是因为他们做出了什么意义深远的成就。今天我们最崇拜的人物通常是那些被媒体频频炒作、最出风头之流。

自考综合英语二(0015)课文及重点词汇一 Text-B The Language of Confidence

Text-B The Language of Confidence The language we use program s our brain s.Master ing our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve your quality of life. program 程序 brain 大脑 master 主人、精通 degree 程度 destinies 命运 possible 可能的 dramatically 显著的 improve 改善 quality 品质 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our sub-conscious mind.It is like a child,it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it-whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you. "Try" even 甚至 effect 影响 sub-conscious 潜意识 mind 记忆 imagine 想象 eager 渴望 to carry out 执行 command 命令 knowingly 故意的 entirely 完全的 It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?

山东自考英语二课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy （n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力）in Australia，就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China，中国也掀起一股外语热，with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。Parents hire private tutors for their school children；父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes．如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看，I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解，the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses．即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。Take the Chinese English learners for example．以学英语的中国人为例，" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not．当然不是。It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。By the same token，同样，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak

2010年4月自考英语二真题及答案

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自考英语二(新版) 原文 Unit 11 Cyber World

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00795自考综合英语二语法知识点

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Unit1 A Learning, Chinese-Style Unit2 A A Life Full of Riches Unit3 A Father Knows Better Unit4 A A Virtual Life Unit5 A True Height Unit6 A A Woman Can Learn Anything a Man Can Unit1 Howard Gardner, a professor of education at Harvard University, reflects on a visit to China and gives his thoughts on different approaches to learning in China and the West. 哈佛大学教育学教授霍华德·加德纳回忆其中国之行，阐述他对中西方不同的学习方式的看法。 Learning, Chinese-Style Howard Gardner 1 For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing. 中国式的学习风格 霍华德·加德纳 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。 2 The key to our room was attached to a large plastic block with the room number on it. When leaving the hotel, a guest was encouraged to turn in the key, either by handing it to an attendant or by dropping it through a slot into a box. Because the key slot was narrow, the key had to be positioned carefully to fit into it. 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 3 Benjamin loved to carry the key around, shaking it vigorously. He also liked to try to place it into the slot. Because of his tender age and incomplete understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail. Benjamin was not bothered in the least. He probably got as much pleasure out of the sounds the key made as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot. 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往