新编大学英语3课后答案

新编大学英语3课后答案

Unit 1 Personality

Vocabulary (P16)

1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth

6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence

2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K

3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually 7) slim

8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented

4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5)sensitive

6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment

Translation (P17)

1) Y ou should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.

2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before.

3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.

4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.

5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.

6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.

7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.

8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.

Part Four Writing and T ranslation (P46)

2. Translation Practice

1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure.

2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.

3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience.

4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties.

5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back.

6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much.

Unit 2 Myths and Legends

Vocabulary (P62)

1. 1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting 2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation D. preparatory/preparation

3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered

4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approving E. disapprove

5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently

6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/faithless C. faith d. faithfully

7) A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion

8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered

9) A. troublesome B. troubled C. troubled D. troubling

10) A. assurance B. assured C. assure

2. 1) got/ran into trouble 2) no trouble 3) asking for trouble 4) have … trouble 5) trouble with

6) in serious/deep/big trouble 7) get/getting … into trouble 8) took the trouble

3. 1) with a pattern of roses 2) prepared a wonderful/goof meal for us

3) promised faithfully 4) deliver this letter

5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate 6) keep out of mischief/behave themselves

7) the sound of distant thunder 8) received approval from the government

9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much 10) agree whether the drug is safe or not

Part Three Further Development

5. Complete the following Ancient Chinese story by translating the Chinese into English(P93)

1) the true reason why there was no such animal in Guizhou

2) they were of no use at all in this place

3) when he saw the donkey all of a sudden, he thought it was a monster

4) he hid himself in the trees while looking at the donkey

5) what kind of animal is this and why does it look different from other animals that I’ve seen?

6) But one day the donkey stretched its thin neck and cried

7) the tiger discovered that the donkey didn’t have any other skills besides crying

8) But he dared not rush to it and eat it just as he did to other animals

9) This did irritate the donkey (made the donkey angry), who raised its hind leg and kicked the tiger

10) This time he rushed to it without hesitation and bit its rhroat

Part Four Writing and T ranslation

2. Translation Practice(P96)

万物之初，天地还是一体，充满混沌。宇宙如同一个大黑蛋，盘古就在黑蛋里。一万八千年以后，盘古长睡醒来，他感到窒息，于是他拿起一把斧子，用尽全身力量砸开黑蛋。轻的、透明的部分冉冉上升，变成了天；而冷的、浑浊的物体依然在下面，变成了大地。盘古站在中间，顶天立地。天地开始以每天一长的速度分开，盘古的身子也随着长高。一万八千年后，天更高，地更厚，盘古像一根九百万里高的柱子伫立其间，田地永远也无法再合在一起。

Unit 3 Social Problems

Vocabulary (P112)

2. 1) constantly 2) impact 3) burden 4) Candidly 5) fulfillment

6) salaried 7) resentment 8)assistance 9)perfect 10) suppress

3. 1) successfully 2) resentment 3)security 4) necessity 5) advisable

6) access/accessibility 7) athletic 8) maturity 9) emotional 10) effectively

Translation (P113)

1) Because of an emergency, the doctor will not be available for several hours.

2) How will taxes affect people with low income?

3) My mother always told me that in the long run I would be glad I didn’t give up practicing the piano.

4) These books range in price form $10 to $20.

5) It seems to m e that you don’t have much choice.

6) Given their inexperience, they have done quite a good job.

7) For such a big house the price is fairly cheap/low, but you’ve got to take into consideration the money you will spend on repairs.

8) Can we begin with discussing questions/problems arising from the last meeting?

2. Translation Practice (P142)

1) 孩子最好远离毒品

一个电话报警者打来三个电话，报告毒品交易。他还对交易场所中小孩子的健康表示忧虑。有两个人被发现因吸入过量毒品而深度中毒，现场还发现大量被使用过的注射器。屋内情况非常糟糕，孩子们立即得到了保护。

2) 在逃的武装抢劫犯落入法网

四名武装抢劫犯在逃离现场时，开枪打伤一名警察。警察抓住了两名罪犯，但是不能确认另两名逃走的罪犯的身份。打进警察热线的一个电话准确、详细地描述了这起事件和其中一个逃走的罪犯。不久，一名男子被抓获，他被指控企图谋杀及武装抢劫。

Unit 4 Career Planning

Vocabulary (P161)

1. 1) acceptable 2) efficiency 3) implications 4) instability 5) rationalize 6) evaluation 7) foreseeable

8) invention 9) hastily 10)probability 11) professional 12)challenging 13)defensive 14) personality

2) 1) in case 2) Every so often 3) resort to 4) talk over 5) start over 6) in reality 7) at stake 8) seized on

9) leading to 10) take stock of

3. 1) programs 2) way 3) technical 4) both 5) provided 6) who 7) such 8) needed 9) opportunities

10) when 11) to 12) Completion 13) holding 14) early 15) hire 16) promote 17) up 18) educating

Translation (P163)

1) He underwent a major heart surgery several years ago.

2) We estimated that it would take a week to finish the work.

3) I used to enjoy photography, but I now have no time to pursue any hobbies.

4) Y ou may love someone but not necessarily have to marry him.

5) Terrorists resort to violence to achieve their political aims.

6) He says he’ll stay in the office this afternoon in case you want to see him.

7) Scientists have identified the gene that causes abnormal growth.

8) These examples demonstrate how badly some students write their resumes.

2. Translation Practice (P195)

A = Applicant I = Interviewer

A

I: Do you have a boyfriend?

A: Y es.

I: Is he here, in this city?

A: No, he is in another city.

I: Sorry, we will not employ you?

A: Why not?

I: Y ou would not be keeping your mind on your work. What’s more, we do not want to see our telephone bill increase enormously because of you.

B

I: Do you have a girlfriend?

A: No. Have you ever dated a girl?

I: Y es, but she didn’t want to date me?

A: Do you want to date girls after you have a job?

I: I will set my mind on work first. I will not consider my marriage now.

A: Sorry, we will not employ you.

I: Why not?

A: Y ou are lacking in the ability of dealing with interpersonal relationships. Also, you lack self-confidence.

C

I: Do you have a girlfriend?

A: Y es.

I: Is she pretty?

A: Not quite.

I: Sorry, we will not employ you.

A: Can it be that a plain girlfriend will affect your company’s image?

I: It’s not that. But our company engages in works of art. Y our aesthetic judgment does not satisfy our com pany’s need.

D

I: Do you have a girlfriend?

A: Y es.

I: Is she pretty?

A: V ery.

I: Is she your first love?

A: Y es.

I: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you lack the initiative in pursuing the better unceasingly.

E

I: Do you have a girlfriend?

A: Y es.

I: Is she your first love?

A: No, I have a couple of girlfriends before.

I: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you would soon job-hop.

F

I: Do you have a boyfriend?

A: Y es.

I: Is he very rich?

A: No.

I: Sorry, we will not employ you, because your job is to work with money. I am afraid you cannot resist the temptation.

G

I: Do you have a boyfriend?

A: Y es.

I: Is he very rich?

A: Y es, he has his own company.

I: Sorry, we will not employ you, because even your boyfriend’s company doesn’t employ you. A: but that’s because his company doesn’t have a position suitable for me.

I: What’s your major then?

A: Secretary.

I: Sorry, we still cannot employ you. Pretty girls affect our manager’s work.

A: But I am not pretty.

I: That’s even worse. If you are not pretty, our manager will not be interested in you.

Unit 5 Language

Vocabulary (P215)

1. Section A 1) A 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) B 7) C 8) C 9) A 10) A

Section B 1) renewed 2) apply 3) persist 4) succeeded 5) drop

6) revealed 7) wonder 8) keenly 9) vainly 10) impressed

2. 1) unconsciously 2) expectant 3) eventful 4) immeasurable

5) imitation/imitating 6) continually 7) tenderness 8) impatient

Translation (P216)

1) Seeing all the people walking to and fro outside the office, I became more worried.

2) In time he will see who is his true friend.

3) That scientist’s experiment gave birth to a new drug.

4) He had been shut in by illness during much of the winter.

5) They would practice spoken English at the first opportunity.

6) Everything she valued might be swept away overnight.

7) Towards the close of the term, all the students are busy preparing for the finals.

8) It is a very cold winter and we long for it to be over.

Part Four Writing and T ranslation

2. Translation Practice (P239)

1) 他钦佩布朗太太，这使我很惊奇。

2) 暴风雨持续了一整天；就在这段时间里船破裂了。

3) 虽然那个学生在做试验前已仔细阅读过实验说明，但由于他生搬硬套，未能得到满意的结果。

4) 我知道萨拉会将那个好消息告诉她姐姐的，而她姐姐又很可能将它告诉她的同学。

5) 史密斯先生很有教学经验，他将在春天和我们一起工作。

6) 邮递员早晨6点30分来。这个时候我通常还在睡大觉呢。

Unit 6 Man and Animals

Vocabulary (P254)

3. 1) survive 2) conflicts 3) available 4) likely 5) injuring

6) absorbed 7) competition 8) instinct 9) hesitated 10) similar

4. 1) ensure 2) population 3) characteristic 4) exhibit 5) defense

6) familiar 7) territory 8) case 9) minute 10) aggressive

Translation (P256)

1) She always behaves badly when her aunt comes to visit.

2) If it hadn’t been for your help, we wouldn’t have been able to finish the task in time.

3) I warned him off going to the east coast because it was full of tourists.

4) The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality.

5) Without anyone to turn to for help, making an appropriate choice can be difficult.

7) Only if Peter goes to the evening party will she go.

8) I can only compare the experience to a nightmare.

Writing and T ranslation

2. Translation practice (P279)

主语从句

1）这种理论的核心是：我们的环境同我们的本能、性格特征和行为，即使有什么联系的话，也是微不足道的。

2）遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应。

3）众所周知，肺癌至少部分是由于吸烟过多引起的。

4）现在把话题转到一个月以前发生的惨案上，这是很自然的事。

5）那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一副手套。

宾语从句

1）他想再次提醒大家，决定这件事的不止他一个人，还有其他许多人。

2）他们想要说明，为什么我们有某些特征并表现出某些行为。

3）在这场争论中，赞成“天性”的那些人认为：我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因素所决定的。

4）伽利略最光辉是业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，证实了行星围绕太阳而不是围绕地球旋转。

Unit 7 They Joy of Travel

Vocabulary (P294)

1. 1) engagement 2) separating 3) influences 4) arranged 5) chosen

6) In case 7) processed 8) changes 9) benefited 10) go on

2. 1) end 2) booked 3) trapped 4) book 5) ended 6) appeal 7) trap 8) appeal

9) samples 10) structure 11) value 12) structured 13) sampled 14) process 15) valued 16) process

3. 1) A. emptied B. emptiness 2) A. terrified B. terrifying

3) A. entertaining B. entertainment 4) A. introductory B. introduction

5) A. employed B. employment 6) A. transform B. transformation

7) A. convinced B. convincing 8) A. approval B. approve

9) A. isolates B. isolation 10.A. reinforcement B. reinforced

Translation (P296)

1) I didn’t realize putting o n/staging a play involved so much work.

2) The most important thing is not what you say but what you do.

3) This is the best result that can be expected in such circumstances.

4) It isn’t the first time that you’ve found yourself in such a situation.

5) This difficulty challenges my mind to find an answer.

6) The new threat on the horizon is unemployment.

7) We have alternative ways of expressing the same idea.

8) He slipped into the old habit of drinking.

Writing and T ranslation

2. Translation practice (P320)

A. From English to Chinese

1) 悲观主义者的典型特征是他们往往认为坏事会持续很久，会损害他们所做的每一件事情，而且都是自己的过错。

2) 猴子回答说他确信自己有足够的力量同志天庭。

3) 好消息是并非A型行为的各个方面都同样有害。

4) 有观察表明，如果人们不被告知正在发生的事情，他们会变得更不耐烦。这是Larson研究的另一个课题。

5) 有时病人所需的只是一种安慰；一切都会好的。

B. From Chinese to English

1) The question to ask is not whether we should travel but where we should travel.

2) The distinctive feather of the island is that it is made up of pink coral.

3) The belief that he would win helped him go out of the desert.

4) The fact that the town had beautiful scenery and low expense made us overjoyed.

5) He wanted to find some evidence that the restaurant overcharged him.

Unit 8 Nature and Nurture

Vocabulary (P335)

1. 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) C 5) A 6) B 7) B 8) B

2. 1) resemble 2) alike 3) Like 4) similar 5) same 6) Identical, same, alike

3. 1) absolutely 2) eventually 3) obviously 4) Similarly 5) remarkably 6) approximately 7) exclusively 8)actually

Writing and T ranslation

2. Translation practice (P365)

在全球范围内实行计划生育的困难之一在于，各国政府考虑到国家的工业发展水平以及可利用的食物和原材料，对人口控制采取了不同的态度。在一个发展中国家，如果急剧增加的人口对食物、空间以及自然资源造成巨大的压力，那么政府会不计后果，首先关注限制出生率。

在一个高度工业化的国家，问题可能会更加复杂。出生率降低会导致失业，因为降低出生率会使制造品市场萎缩。当人口对住房的压力减少时，房价会降低，建筑业就会因此疲软。面对这样一些因素，发达国家的政府可能会希望本国的人口呈渐长趋势，而不是保持稳定或下降。

Unit 9 Music

Vocabulary (P386)

1. 1) stimulate 2) distract 3) qualify/be qualified 4) induce 5) accelerate

6) soothe 7) overtaken 8) wander 9) combine 10) commissioned

2. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) C 5) A 6) C 7) C 8) A

Translation (P387)

1) I took advantage of the fine weather today to play tennis.

2) Y ou may even swim in the lake—if you feel inclined to.

3) The loud music brought on another one of his headaches.

4) A careless person is apt to make mistakes.

5) The experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure for cancer.

6) Comparatively speaking, we are more concerned with work efficiency and product development.

7) Doctors said that surgery could induce heart attack.

8) I qualified/was qualified as a doctor at London University 30 years ago.

Writing and T ranslation

2. Translation practice (P409)

1) 音乐是人类的共同语言。——亨利W朗费罗（1807-18820，美国诗人

2) 音乐给人的启示超过哲学。——路德维希范贝多芬（1770-1827），德国作曲家

3) 在生命的黑夜中音乐是月光。——让保罗里彻（1763-1825），德国作家

4) 音乐能洗涤灵魂，清除其日常生活的尘埃。——摘自《一百零一首最好的歌》

5) 人们用音乐来表达语言难以表达的情感。——埃尔伯特哈伯德（1856-1915），美国作家、编辑

6) 音乐真奇妙，它能平息胸中的怒气，软化坚硬的岩石，压弯长满节瘤的橡树。——威廉康格里夫（1670-1729），英国戏剧家

7) 记忆中，所有的一切都似乎跟音乐有关。——田纳西威廉斯（1974-1983），美国戏剧家

8) 借助音乐，孩童进入美的世界，表达内心的情感，品位创造的乐趣，增强同情心，发展智力，平和心境，陶冶情操，培养优雅的仪态。——美国全国儿童福利会，1927年

9) 人们相互表达心灵的和谐美妙所采用的最佳、最美、最理想的途径是音乐。——乔纳森爱德华兹（1703-1758），美国传教士和神学家

10) 音乐的力量是无法抗拒的，它的功劳数不胜数；任何灵魂工程师都很少能像音乐一样激起人们的爱心，唤醒人们平和的心境，促进人们之间的友谊。——威廉斯萨克雷（1811-1863），英国小说家

Unit 10 Music

Vocabulary (P423)

1. 1) A 2) A 3) B 4) A 5) A 6) B 7) A 8) A 9) A 10) B

2. 1) Judging fro m 2) regardless of 3) In my opinion 4) Now that

5) let alone 6) lost touch with 7) at peace with 8) get along with

3. 1) inherited from 2) distracts… from 3) confronted with 4) probe 5) regardless of/ in spite of

6) perceive 7) have identified 8) make up 9) limitations 10) genius

Translation (P425)

1) When he returned to his office, he was confronted with an enormous pile of work.

2) The captain of this football team scored two wonderful goals early on in the game.

3) provided they are fit, I don’t know why they won’t go on playing for another three or four years.

4) In emergencies he can still make sound judgments.

5) While I admit that ther e are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.

6) He went on listening to her, at times impatient and at times fascinated.

7) We must find a way to resolve these problems before it is too late.

8) Parents cannot always have the school of their choice for their children.

Writing and T ranslation

2. Translation practice (P452)

A. 岁月可以在皮肤上留下皱纹，但是热情的丧失却会让灵魂生长皱纹。忧虑、恐惧、缺乏自信只会让人胸无大志，变成一堆行尸走肉。无论是60岁还是16岁，每个人都会被好奇所吸

引，都会对未来、对人生这场游戏带给我们的欢乐怀着孩子般永不消减的渴望。在你我心灵的深处都有一个无线电台：只要它不停地从人群中、从无限的时空中接受美好、希望、激励、勇气和力量的信息，你我就都会年轻。

B. 1) 老年远不只是头上有白发，脸上有皱纹，也不只是一种感觉。真正的不幸不在于身体的虚弱，而在于心灵的冷漠。

2) 人的青春是美妙的：它充满着痛苦和魔力，青年人在当时并不知道什么是青春，只有当它永远地消失时，他才真正明白。

3) 我认为那些有强烈的非个人性兴趣爱好又参与各种适当活动的人最容易做好颐养天年。

4) 当青春逝去时，每个人都会带着无限的悲哀和悔恨回首人生那段时光。他这时才知道，他曾经拥有非凡的才能，却浪费了；曾经拥有大笔的财富，却未曾利用，从中什么也没有得到。

新编大学英语第三册课文翻译共23页

Unit 1 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。 相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持

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Unit 1 Listen1_Ex1 Interviewer:Angela, you were born in Korea but you've been living in Canada for a long time, haven't you? Angela:Yes, I was 10 years old when my parents immigrated to Canada and I've been living here for 20 years now. Interviewer:Do you think that belonging to two different cultures has affected your personality? Angela:Yes, definitely. There are times when I think that I have two personalities. Depending on where I am and who I'm with, I'm Korean or I'm Canadian. Interviewer:That sounds complicated. Could you explain what you mean? Angela:Well, growing up in Canada when I was going to high school, for example, I was known as Angela to the outside world, and as Sun-Kyung at home. I would wave hello to my teachers, but bow to my parents' Korean friends when they visited our home. Interviewer:Do different cultures have different ideas as to what is polite? Angela:Yes, definitely. In high school, I was expected to look straight in the eyes of my teachers and to talk openly with them. But when Koreans spoke to me, I was expected to look at my feet and to be shy and silent. Interviewer:Do you think that having two personalities makes you a richer person? Angela:Yes, but sometimes I don't know who I am. 1.Angela immigrated from Canada to Korea.(F ) 2.Angela is about 20 years old now.(F ) 3.Angela had two different personalities,one at school and one at home.(T ) 4.Sun-Kyung is Anglela's gilefriend at school.(F ) 5.Angela agrees that culture affects personality.(T ) 6.Being expected to two different cultures is sometimes confusing.(T) 1) outside world 2) at home 3) wave hello 4) bow 5) look straight in the eyes of 6) openly 7) look at my feet 8) shy and silent Listen2_Ex1 I am a very sensitive person, and that's good to a point. I feel everyone should be able to feel or understand what others are going through. But when you hurt, cry, or are unhappy for people you don't know, or for a movie that is not real, then I think that's a little too sensitive. That's the way I am. I am a very independent person. I must do things for myself. I don't like people doing things for me, or helping me, or giving me things. It's not that I don't appreciate it, because I do. I just feel that when someone does something for you, you owe them, and if there is one thing I don't like to feel, it's that I owe anyone anything. I think I would be a good friend. I would do almost anything for someone I like, and would share or give anything I have. I'm very caring and understanding. People

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Music to Your Gears Andy Ellis 1 尽管音乐能使心中的怒气平息，但是开车时听音乐也会损害你的健康。近期研究表明，听声音很响的音乐会严重地影响司机的注意力，而且心理学家也提醒人们，持续大音量地在车里放这种音乐是很危险的，尤其是处于车流中或是在高速公路上开车时。 2 音乐有两个极端，任何一个极端都有可能带来危险。重金属音乐以其强烈的节奏使人莽撞驾驶，而聆听处于另一个极端的优美而令人舒心的音乐会使司机过分放松，以至于超过安全限度，陷入迷糊状态。 3 英国汽车协会一直关注道路安全，它委托搞了一个项目，研究重大车祸与音乐之间的关系。这项研究发现，17至25年龄段的男性是最危险、最易产生车祸的群体。研究还发现，这个群体的人70％的开车时间都在听音乐。 4 快节奏或重金属音乐要是放得很响，会使人易怒好斗，开起车来冲劲十足。这种司机也就更容易去冒险。开车的速度受到了音乐的速度和节奏的控制。 5 在试验中，那些自愿参加实验的司机说，听了声音很响的音乐，他们说尽管他们不一定感到非要开快车，但的确发现自己换挡更快，加速更快，刹车也更急了若是让这些司机听慢节奏的抒情曲，他们承认自己经常走神。在一次高速公路长途驾驶过程中，至少有两位参加试验的司机发现自己在不知不觉中跨越了车道标志。 6 这些自愿参试的司机（有些刚刚拿到驾驶执照）所发表的意见非常说明问题18岁的西蒙告诉英国汽车协会：“《走出地狱的蝙蝠》里的快节奏摇滚乐有可能让人送命。我发现自己不知不觉地越开越快。” 7 另一名自愿参试的司机一直在听“ZZ顶级”乐队最流行的曲子。他说：“我一直在快速行驶，扯着嗓门唱歌，没有看见也没有听见那辆一直想超过我的消防车。” 8 还有些人说：“我陷入了深思……”，“人的感觉会变得麻木……”，“听不见别的汽车声是个问题”，“我一直在随着音乐的节奏加快速度。” 9 一些慢节奏的背景音乐，如肖邦的音乐，会刺激人的大脑，使思维模式发生变化，激发阿尔法脑波，使人有一种舒服愉快的感觉。处于放松状态在大多数时候对我们有好处，但开车时则不然。心理学家雪利·费希尔教授提醒人们说：“最大的危险是疲倦驾驶。有一些音乐会使你无法集中注意力，甚至陷入轻度睡眠状态，那样就会造成可怕的惨祸。” 10 “问题的关键在于根据具体情况选择合适的音乐。刺激性的音乐适合在漫长、枯燥的道路上听，但是当交通状况糟糕时，或是交通拥挤时，这种音乐会分散你的注意力。” 11 然而，音乐也有其好的一面，正如英国汽车协会的心理学家罗伯特·韦斯特所指出的那样：“如果说有些音乐影响我们安全行驶，那么反过来也是有道理的。精心选择的曲子有助于我们安全行驶，尤其是对高风险的群体而言。例如，要是我们能使年轻的男性驾车者听曼托瓦尼的音乐，他们很可能会把速度放慢。但可悲的是，我自认为没有能力说服他们许多人去这样做。” 12 除了一些音乐会影响行驶安全，我们的车里安装了高技术的音响系统这件事本身也是引起车祸的根源。近期一份有关交通与道路安全的报告表明，小交通事故中，有大约40％是由于人们更换磁带或光盘不看道路所引起的！ 13 无论我们对音乐的品位如何，无论我们的开车风格如何，看来安全行驶的习惯是我们一定要养成的。罗孚汽车公司、英国航空航天局、飞利浦公司及瑞典道路与交通研究所已通力合作生产出了一种汽车智能系统——简称为ARIADNE（实时智能驾驶助理）的精密电子防撞行驶报警装置。它利用雷达技术，一旦面临撞车危险，雷达会使车内的电话响起，警告司机注意。 14 如果汽车与前面的车辆之间的距离超出了安全刹车的范围，ARIADNE会通过加速器踏板发出震动以提醒司机放慢速度。随着两车之间的距离不断缩小，这种震荡会越来越强烈。要是司机

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Unit 1 Personality 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。７．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，在你就读的大学里，你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。８．有些人会使你感到自己无能，不要和这种人交往。去设法改变他们对你的态度或者改变你对自己的态度，要不就脱离这种关系。伤害你的人并不关心你的最大利益。９．留出时间休息，享受自己的业余爱好，并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。为此所花费的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。１０．多在社交场合中锻炼。不要把自己同他人隔离开来。设法一次结识一位朋友；最终你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。我们自有吸引人的地方。我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。不要让羞怯成为阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石。 Unit3 Social Problems

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第一单元 accent 强调；口音；腔调；重音acquaintance 泛泛之交；了解adversely 有害地 assurance 信心；保证 assured 自信的；感到有把握的circulate 周旋；循环 concept 观念 constant 不断的；始终不变的contrast 对比 converse 聊天 criticism 批评；评论detrimental 有害的 dwell 详述；居中 eliminate 排除；淘汰encouragement鼓励enthusiastically 满腔热情地esteem 尊重 excessively 过多地 hobby 业余爱好 impression 印象；印记improvement 改进

inadequacy 不够格；不充分inferior 差的 inferiority 低劣 interpret 解释；翻译isolate 使孤立 numerous 众多的overcome 消除；压倒overdo 低头 overweight 超重的passive 消极的reasonable 合理的reevaluate 重新评价rejection 拒绝 self-esteem 自尊 shyness 害羞spontaneous 本能的statement 陈述 swirl 旋转 thoughtful 经过缜密思考的timid 害羞的 unattractive 没有吸引力的uncomfortable 不舒服的

worrisome 令人忧虑的 a great many 很多 come along 出现；与某人一起来到dwell on 谈或想的太多 hand in hand 相伴；手拉手地 have something at heart 对…深切关心 in contrast 与…截然相反 of one’s choice 中意的 set aside （为某目的）节约（时间或钱）aptitude 天资 attach 连接；缚；认为有（重要性）awe 敬畏 brand-new 暂新的 confine 限制；监禁 convinced 确信的 crib 有围栏的婴儿床 deafness 聋 despair 绝望 disagreement 分歧 dismissal 解雇 divorce 离婚；分离；与…离婚employer 雇主

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