经济学原理对应练习 14
Chapter 14
Firms in Competitive Markets
Multiple Choice
1. A market is competitive if
(i) firms have the flexibility to price their own product.
(ii) each buyer is small compared to the market.
(iii) e ach seller is small compared to the market.
a. (i) and (ii) only
b. (i) and (iii) only
c. (ii) and (iii) only
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Definitional
2. When a firm has little ability to influence market prices it is said to be in
a. a competitive market.
b. a strategic market.
c. a thin market.
d. a power market.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Definitional
3. In a competitive market, the actions of any single buyer or seller will
a. have a negligible impact on the market price.
b. have little effect on overall production but will ultimately change final product price.
c. cause a noticeable change in overall production and a change in final product price.
d. adversely affect the profitability of more than one firm in the market.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
Table 14-1
4. Refer to Table 14-1. The price and quantity relationship in the table is most likely that faced by a firm in a
a. monopoly.
b. concentrated market.
c. competitive market.
d. strategic market.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Analytical
574
Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets 575
5. Refer to Table 14-1. Over which range of output is average revenue equal to price?
a. 1 to 5
b. 3 to 7
c. 5 to 9
d. Average revenue is equal to price over the whole range of output.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Average revenue MSC: Analytical
6. Refer to Table 14-1. Over what range of output is marginal revenue declining?
a. 1 to 6
b. 3 to 7
c. 7 to 9
d. None; marginal revenue is constant over the whole range of output.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Marginal revenue MSC: Analytical
7. Refer to Table 14-1. If the firm doubles its output from 3 to 6 units, total revenue will
a. increase by less than $39.
b. increase by exactly $39.
c. increase by more than $39.
d. It cannot be determined from the information provided.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Total revenue MSC: Applicative
8. For a firm in a perfectly competitive market, the price of the good is always
a. equal to marginal revenue.
b. equal to total revenue.
c. greater than average revenue.
d. equal to the firm’s efficient scale of output.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Marginal revenue MSC: Interpretive
9. If a firm in a perfectly competitive market triples the number of units of output sold, then total revenue will
a. more than triple.
b. less than triple.
c. exactly triple.
d. Any of the above may be true depending on the firm’s labor produc tivity.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Total revenue MSC: Analytical
10. Because the goods offered for sale in a competitive market are largely the same,
a. there will be few sellers in the market.
b. there will be few buyers in the market.
c. buyers will have market power.
d. sellers will have little reason to charge less than the going market pric
e.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?
a. Firms are price takers.
b. Firms have difficulty entering the market.
c. There are many sellers in the market.
d. Goods offered for sale are largely the sam
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
576 Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets
12. When buyers in a competitive market take the selling price as given, they are said to be
a. market entrants.
b. monopolists.
c. free riders.
d. price takers.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Definitional
13. When firms are said to be price takers, it implies that if a firm raises its price,
a. buyers will go elsewhere.
b. buyers will pay the higher price in the short run.
c. competitors will also raise their prices.
d. firms in the industry will exercise market power.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
14. Which of the following statements best reflects a price-taking firm?
a. If the firm were to charge more than the going price, it would sell none of its goods.
b. The firm has an incentive to charge less than the market price to earn higher revenue.
c. The firm can sell only a limited amount of output at the market price before the market price will fall.
d. Price-taking firms maximize profits by charging a price above marginal cost.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
15. In a competitive market, no single producer can influence the market price because
a. many other sellers are offering a product that is essentially identical.
b. consumers have more influence over the market price than producers do.
c. government intervention prevents firms from influencing price.
d. producers agree not to change the pric
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
16. A competitive firm might choose to set its price below the market price, because
a. this would result in higher average revenue.
b. this would result in higher profits.
c. this would result in lower total costs.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
17. Of the following characteristics of competitive markets, which are necessary for firms to be price takers?
(i) There are many sellers.
(ii) Firms can freely enter or exit the market.
(iii) G oods offered for sale are largely the same.
a. (i) and (ii) only
b. (i) and (iii) only
c. (ii) only
d. All are necessary.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
18. Suppose a firm in a competitive market produces and sells 8 units of output and has a marginal revenue of $8.00.
What would be the firm's total revenue if it instead produced and sold 4 units of output?
a. $4.00
b. $8.00
c. $32.00
d. $64.00
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Marginal revenue MSC: Applicative
Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets 577 19. Suppose a firm in a competitive market received $1,000 in total revenue and had a marginal revenue of $10 for the
last unit produced and sold. What is the average revenue per unit, and how many units were sold?
a. $5 and 50
b. $5 and 100
c. $10 and 50
d. $10 and 100
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Average revenue MSC: Applicative
20. Whenever a perfectly competitive firm chooses to change its level of output, holding the price of the product constant,
its marginal revenue
a. increases if MR < ATC and decreases if MR > ATC.
b. does not change.
c. increases.
d. decreases.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive firms MSC: Interpretive
21. Suppose a firm in a competitive market reduces its output by 20 percent. As a result, the price of its output is likely to
a. increase.
b. remain unchanged.
c. decrease by less than 20 percent.
d. decrease by more than 20 percent.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Analytical
22. Changes in the output of a perfectly competitive firm, without any change in the price of the product, will change the
firm's
a. total revenue.
b. marginal revenue.
c. average revenue.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Total revenue MSC: Analytical
23. When a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market has zero economic profit, accounting profit
a. is negative (accounting losses).
b. is positive.
c. is also zero.
d. could be positive, negative or zero.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Economic profit MSC: Interpretive
24. As a general rule, when accountants calculate profit they account for explicit costs but usually ignore
a. certain outlays of money by the firm.
b. implicit costs.
c. operating costs.
d. fixed costs.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Implicit costs MSC: Interpretive
25. In calculating accounting profit, accountants typically don't include
a. long-run costs.
b. sunk costs.
c. explicit costs of production.
d. opportunity costs that do not involve an outflow of money.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Accounting profit MSC: Interpretive
578 Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets
Scenario 14-1
As part of an estate settlement Mary received $1 million. She decided to use the money to purchase a small business in Anywhere, USA. If Mary would have invested the $1 million in a risk-free bond fund she could have made $100,000 each year. She also quit her job with https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8116631263.html, Inc. to devote all of her time to her new business; her salary at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8116631263.html, Inc. was $75,000 per year.
26. Refer to Scenario 14-1. At the end of the first year of operating her new business, Mary's accountant reported an
accounting profit of $150,000. What was Mary's economic profit?
a. $25,000 loss
b. $50,000 loss
c. $25,000 profit
d. $150,000 profit
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Economic profit MSC: Applicative
27. Refer to Scenario 14-1. What are Mary's opportunity costs of operating her new business?
a. $25,000
b. $75,000
c. $100,000
d. $175,000
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative
28. Refer to Scenario 14-1. How large would Mary's accounting profits need to be to allow her to attain zero economic
profit?
a. $100,000
b. $125,000
c. $175,000
d. $225,000
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Economic profit MSC: Applicative
29. The Wheeler Wheat Farm sells wheat to a grain broker in Seattle, Washington. Since the market for wheat is
generally considered to be competitive, the Wheeler Farm does not
a. choose the quantity of wheat to produce.
b. choose the price at which it sells its wheat.
c. have any fixed costs of production.
d. set marginal revenue equal to marginal cost to maximize profit.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
30. In a competitive market,
a. no single buyer or seller can influence the price of the product.
b. there is a small number of sellers.
c. the goods offered by the different sellers are markedly different.
d. accounting profit is driven to zero as firms freely enter and exit the market.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
31. If ABC Company sells its product in a competitive market, then
a. the price of that product depends on the quantity of the product that ABC Company produces and sells since ABC
Company’s demand curve is downward sloping.
b. ABC Company's total revenue must be proportional to its quantity of output.
c. ABC Company's total cost must be proportional to its quantity of output.
d. ABC Company's total revenue must be equal to its average revenu
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Total revenue MSC: Analytical
Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets 579
32. Which of the following expressions is correct for a competitive firm?
a. Profit = (Quantity of output) x (Price - Average total cost)
b. Marginal revenue = (Change in total revenue)/(Quantity of output)
c. Average cost = Total variable cost/Quantity of output
d. Average revenue = (Marginal revenue) x (Quantity of output)
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Profit MSC: Definitional
33. For a competitive firm,
a. Total revenue = Average revenue.
b. Total revenue = Marginal revenue.
c. Total cost = Marginal revenue.
d. Average revenue = Marginal revenu
e.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Competitive firms MSC: Definitional
34. If a competitive firm is (i) selling 1,000 units of its product at a price of $9 per unit and (ii) earning a positive profit,
then
a. its total cost is less than $9,000.
b. its marginal revenue is less than $9.
c. its average revenue is greater than $9.
d. the firm cannot be a competitive firm since competitive firms can only earn zero profit.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Profit MSC: Analytical
35. When a competitive firm triples the amount of output it sells,
a. its total revenue triples.
b. its average revenue triples.
c. its marginal revenue triples.
d. its profit must increas
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Total revenue MSC: Analytical
36. Which of the following statements regarding a competitive market is false?
a. There are many buyers and many sellers in the market.
b. Because of firm location or product differences, some firms can charge a higher price than other firms and still
maintain their sales volume.
c. Price and average revenue are equal.
d. Price and marginal revenue are equal.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Interpretive
37. Suppose that in a competitive market the market price is $2.50. What is marginal revenue for the last unit sold by the
typical firm in this market?
a. Less than $2.50.
b. More than $2.50.
c. $2.50.
d. The marginal revenue cannot be determined without knowing the actual quantity sold by the typical firm. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Marginal revenue MSC: Interpretive
38. Which of the following statements regarding a competitive firm is true?
a. Since demand is downward sloping, if a firm increases its level of output, the firm will have to charge a lower
price to sell the additional output.
b. If a firm raises its price, the firm may be able to increase its total revenue even though it will sell fewer units.
c. By lowering its price below the market price, the firm will benefit from being able to sell more units at the lower
price than it could have sold by charging the market price.
d. For all firms, average revenue equals the price of the good.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Average revenue MSC: Analytical
580 Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets
Table 14-2
The following table presents cost and revenue information for Soper’s Port Vineyard.
39. Refer to Table 14-2. Consumers are willing to pay $120 per unit of port wine. What is the total revenue from selling
7 units?
a. $120
b. $700
c. $820
d. $840
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Total revenue MSC: Applicative
40. Refer to Table 14-2. Consumers are willing to pay $120 per unit of port wine. What is the total revenue from selling
4 units?
a. $120
b. $217
c. $263
d. $480
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Total revenue MSC: Applicative
41. Refer to Table 14-2. Consumers are willing to pay $120 per unit of port wine. What is the marginal revenue from
selling the 3rd unit?
a. $50
b. $80
c. $120
d. $140
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Marginal revenue MSC: Applicative
42. Refer to Table 14-2. Consumers are willing to pay $120 per unit of port wine. What is the average revenue when 4
units are sold?
a. $50
b. $120
c. $125
d. $130
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Average revenue MSC: Applicative
Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets 581 43. Refer to Table 14-2. Consumers are willing to pay $120 per unit of port wine. What is the marginal cost of the 1st
unit?
a. $50
b. $75
c. $80
d. $150
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Marginal cost MSC: Applicative
44. Refer to Table 14-2. Consumers are willing to pay $120 per unit of port wine. What is the marginal cost of the 8th
unit?
a. $0
b. $100
c. $120
d. $140
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Marginal cost MSC: Applicative
45. Refer to Table 14-2. Consumers are willing to pay $120 per unit of port wine. What is Soper's Port Vineyard's
economic profit at their profit maximizing point?
a. $78
b. $243
c. $278
d. $375
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Economic profit MSC: Applicative
46. One of the defining characteristics of a perfectly competitive market is
a. a small number of sellers.
b. a large number of buyers and a small number of sellers.
c. a standardized product.
d. significant advertising by firms to promote their products.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Definitional
47. Which of the following firms is the closest to being a perfectly competitive firm?
a. A hot dog vendor in New York
b. Microsoft Corporation
c. Ford Motor Company
d. The campus bookstore
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-1
TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Interpretive
48. If the market elasticity of demand for potatoes is -0.3 in a perfectly competitive market, then the individual farmer's
elasticity of demand
a. will also be -0.3.
b. depends on how large a crop the farmer produces.
c. will range between -0.3 and -1.0.
d. will be infinit
e.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 14-1
TOP: Elasticity MSC: Analytical
49. Free entry means that
a. there are no costs of entering into an industry.
b. no legal barriers prevent a firm from entering an industry.
c. a firm's marginal cost is zero.
d. a firm has no fixed costs in the short run.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-1
TOP: Entry into industry MSC: Interpretive
582 Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets
50. Total profit for a firm is calculated as
a. (marginal revenue) minus (average cost).
b. (average revenue) minus (average cost).
c. (marginal revenue) minus (marginal cost).
d. (price minus average cost) times (quantity of output).
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit MSC: Definitional
Table 14-3
Use the information for a competitive firm in the table below to answer the following questions.
51. Refer to Table 14-3. At a production level of 4 units which of the following is true?
a. Marginal cost is $6.
b. Total revenue is greater than variable cost.
c. Marginal revenue is less than marginal cost.
d. The firm is maximizing profit.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Competitive firms MSC: Analytical
52. Refer to Table 14-3. At which quantity of output is marginal revenue equal to marginal cost?
a. 3
b. 6
c. 8
d. 9
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Applicative
53. Refer to Table 14-3. If this firm chooses to maximize profit it will choose a level of output where marginal revenue
is equal to
a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Applicative
54. Refer to Table 14-3. The maximum profit available to this firm is
a. $2
b. $3
c. $4
d. $5
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit MSC: Applicative
Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets 583
55. Refer to Table 14-3. If the firm finds that its marginal cost is $11, it should
a. increase production to maximize profit.
b. increase the price of the product to maximize profit.
c. advertise to attract additional buyers to maximize profit.
d. reduce production to increase profit.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
56. Refer to Table 14-3. If the firm finds that its marginal cost is $5, it should
a. reduce fixed costs by lowering production.
b. increase production to maximize profit.
c. decrease production to maximize profit.
d. maintain its current level of production to maximize profit.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
57. The Wheeler Wheat Farm sells wheat to a grain broker in Seattle, Washington. Since the market for wheat is
generally considered to be competitive, the Wheeler Wheat Farm maximizes its profit by choosing
a. to produce the quantity at which average variable cost is minimized.
b. to produce the quantity at which average fixed cost is minimized.
c. to sell its wheat at a price where marginal cost is equal to average total cost.
d. the quantity at which market price is equal to the farm's marginal cost of production.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
58. Comparison of marginal revenue to marginal cost
(i) reveals the contribution of the last unit of production to total profit.
(ii) is helpful in making profit-maximizing production decisions.
(iii) t ells a firm whether its fixed costs are too high.
a. (i) only
b. (i) and (ii) only
c. (ii) and (iii) only
d. (i) and (iii) only
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
59. If marginal cost exceeds marginal revenue, the firm
a. is most likely to be at a profit-maximizing level of output.
b. should increase the level of production to maximize its profit.
c. must be experiencing losses.
d. may still be earning a positive accounting profit.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
60. When marginal revenue equals marginal cost, the firm
a. should increase the level of production to maximize its profit.
b. may be minimizing its losses, rather than maximizing its profit.
c. must be generating positive economic profits.
d. must be generating positive accounting profits.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
61. As a general rule, profit-maximizing producers in a competitive market produce output at a point where
a. marginal cost is increasing.
b. marginal cost is decreasing.
c. marginal revenue is increasing.
d. price is less than marginal revenu
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
584 Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets
62. When calculating marginal cost, what must the firm know?
a. Sunk cost
b. Variable cost
c. Fixed cost
d. Price
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Marginal cost MSC: Interpretive
Figure 14-1
The graph below depicts the cost structure for a firm in a competitive market.
63. Refer to Figure 14-1. When price rises from P2 to P3, the firm finds that
a. marginal cost exceeds marginal revenue at a production level of Q2.
b. if it produces at output level Q3 it will earn a positive profit.
c. expanding output to Q4 would leave the firm with losses.
d. it could increase profits by lowering output from Q3 to Q2.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
64. Refer to Figure 14-1. When price falls from P3 to P1, the firm finds that
a. fixed cost is higher at a production level of Q1 than it is at Q3.
b. it should produce Q1 units of output.
c. it should produce Q3 units of output.
d. it should shut down immediately.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
65. Refer to Figure 14-1. When price rises from P3 to P4, the firm finds that
a. fixed costs are lower at a production level of Q4.
b. it can earn a positive profit by increasing production to Q4.
c. profit is still maximized at a production level of Q3.
d. average revenue exceeds marginal revenue at a production level of Q4.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
66. A profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market will always make marginal adjustments to production as long as
a. average revenue is greater than average total cost.
b. average revenue is equal to marginal cost.
c. marginal cost is greater than average total cost.
d. price is above or below marginal cost.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets 585
67. When price is greater than marginal cost for a firm in a competitive market,
a. marginal cost must be falling.
b. the firm must be minimizing its losses.
c. there are opportunities to increase profit by increasing production.
d. the firm should decrease output to maximize profit.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
68. The short-run supply curve for a firm in a perfectly competitive market is
a. horizontal.
b. likely to slope downward.
c. determined by forces external to the firm.
d. the portion of its marginal cost curve that lies above its average variable cost.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Supply curve MSC: Interpretive
69. When a perfectly competitive firm decides to shut down, it is most likely that
a. marginal cost is above average variable cost.
b. marginal cost is above average total cost.
c. price is below the firm’s average variable cost.
d. fixed costs exceed variable costs.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
70. When total revenue is less than variable costs, a firm in a competitive market will
a. continue to operate as long as average revenue exceeds marginal cost.
b. continue to operate as long as average revenue exceeds average fixed cost.
c. shut down.
d. raise its pric
e.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
71. When price is below average variable cost, a firm in a competitive market will
a. shut down and incur fixed costs.
b. shut down and incur both variable and fixed costs.
c. continue to operate as long as average revenue exceeds marginal cost.
d. continue to operate as long as average revenue exceeds average fixed cost.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
586 Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets
Figure 14-2
The figure below depicts the cost structure of a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market.
72. Refer to Figure 14-2. Which line segment best reflects the short-run supply curve for this firm?
a. ABCE
b. CD
c. DE
d. BCD
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Supply curve MSC: Interpretive
73. Refer to Figure 14-2. If the firm is in a short-run position where P < AVC, it is most likely to be on what segment of
its supply curve?
a. BC
b. CD
c. DE
d. AB
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Supply curve MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets 587 Figure 14-3
The figure below depicts the cost structure of a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market.
74. Refer to Figure 14-3. Which line segment best reflects the long-run supply curve for this firm?
a. ABCD
b. BC
c. ABC
d. None of the above, the long-run supply curve requires knowledge of the average variable cost structur
e. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Supply curve MSC: Interpretive
75. Refer to Figure 14-3. This firm will exit the market for any price on the line segment
a. AB
b. BC
c. CD
d. None of the above
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Supply curve MSC: Interpretive
76. When economists refer to a production cost that has already been committed and cannot be recovered, they use the
term
a. implicit cost.
b. explicit cost.
c. variable cost.
d. sunk cost.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-2
TOP: Sunk costss M SC: Definitional
77. Suppose a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market produces rubber bands. When the market price for rubber
bands falls below the minimum of its average total cost, but still lies above the minimum of average variable cost, the firm
a. will experience losses but will continue to produce rubber bands.
b. will shut down.
c. will be earning both economic and accounting profits.
d. should raise the price of its product.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
588 Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets
78. Which of the following statements best reflects the production decision of a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive
market when price falls below the minimum of average variable cost?
a. The firm will continue to produce to attempt to pay fixed costs.
b. The firm will immediately stop production to minimize its losses.
c. The firm will stop production as soon as it is able to pay its sunk costs.
d. The firm will continue to produce in the short run but will likely exit the market in the long run.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
79. When fixed costs are ignored because they are irrelevant to a business's production decision, they are called
a. explicit costs.
b. implicit costs.
c. sunk costs.
d. opportunity costs.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 14-2
TOP: Sunk costss M SC: Interpretive
80. Shrimp Galore, a shrimp harvesting business in the Pacific Northwest, has a 30-year loan on its shrimp harvesting
boat. The annual loan payment is $25,000 and the boat has a market (salvage) value that exceeds its outstanding loan balance. Prior to the 2001 shrimp harvesting season, Shrimp Galore's accountant predicted that at expected market prices for shrimp, Shrimp Galore would have a net loss of $75,000 dollars after paying all 2001 expenses (including the annual loan payment). In this case, Shrimp Galore should
a. produce nothing and experience a loss of $25,000.
b. produce nothing and experience a loss of $75,000.
c. continue to operate because expected profits will rise in the future.
d. continue to operate even though it predicts a loss of $75,000.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
81. A profit-maximizing firm will shut down in the short run when
a. price is less than average variable cost.
b. price is less than average total cost.
c. average revenue is greater marginal cost.
d. average revenue is greater than average fixed cost.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
82. In the long run, all of a firm's costs are variable. In this case the exit criterion for a profit-maximizing firm is to
a. shutdown if price is less than average total cost.
b. shutdown if price is greater than average total cost.
c. shutdown if average revenue is greater than average fixed cost.
d. shutdown if average revenue is greater than marginal cost.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
83. When profit-maximizing firms in competitive markets are earning profits,
a. market demand must exceed market supply at the market equilibrium price.
b. market supply must exceed market demand at the market equilibrium price.
c. new firms will enter the market.
d. the most inefficient firms will be encouraged to leave the market.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
84. Profit-maximizing firms enter a competitive market when, for existing firms in that market,
a. total revenue exceeds fixed costs.
b. total revenue exceeds total variable costs.
c. average total cost exceeds average revenue.
d. price exceeds average total cost.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets 589 Figure 14-4
The figure below depicts the cost structure of a firm in a competitive market.
85. Refer to Figure 14-4. When market price is P5, a profit-maximizing firm's profits can be represented by the area
a. P5 Q3.
b. (P5 - P3) Q2.
c. (P5 - P4) Q3.
d. When market price is P5 there are no profits.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit MSC: Analytical
86. Refer to Figure 14-4. Firms would be encouraged to enter this market for all prices that exceed
a. P1.
b. P2.
c. P3.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit MSC: Analytical
87. Refer to Figure 14-4. When market price is P2, a profit-maximizing firm's losses can be represented by the area
a. (P3 - P2) Q2.
b. (P2 - P1) Q2.
c. At a market price of P2, the firm does not have losses.
d. At a market price of P2 the firm has losses, but the reference points in the figure don't identify the losses. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit MSC: Analytical
590 Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets
Figure 14-5
The figure below depicts the cost structure of a firm in a competitive market.
88. Refer to Figure 14-5. When market price is P1, a profit-maximizing firm's total revenue can be represented by the
area
a. P1× Q2.
b. P2× Q2.
c. P3× Q2.
d. P1× Q3.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Total revenue MSC: Analytical
89. Refer to Figure 14-5. When market price is P4, a profit-maximizing firm's total cost can be represented by the area
a. P4× Q1
b. P4× Q4
c. P2× Q4
d. Total costs cannot be determined from the information in the figur
e.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Total cost MSC: Analytical
90. Refer to Figure 14-5. When market price is P1, a profit-maximizing firm's total profit or loss can be represented by
which area?
a. P1× Q3; profit
b. (P3– P1) × Q2 ; loss
c. (P2– P1) × Q1; loss
d. We can't tell because we don't know fixed costs.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit MSC: Analytical
91. When a profit-maximizing firm is earning profits, those profits can be identified by
a. P × Q.
b. (MC – AVC) × Q.
c. (P – ATC) × Q.
d. (P – AVC) × Q.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets 591 92. When a profit-maximizing competitive firm finds itself minimizing losses because it is unable to earn a positive
profit, this task is accomplished by producing the quantity at which price is equal to
a. sunk cost.
b. average fixed cost.
c. average variable cost.
d. marginal cost.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
93. When a profit-maximizing firm's fixed costs are considered sunk in the short run, then the firm
a. can set price above marginal cost.
b. must set price below average total cost.
c. will never show losses.
d. can safely ignore fixed costs when deciding how much output to produc
e.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Sunk costss M SC: Interpretive
94. A competitive firm's short-run supply curve is part of which of the following curves?
a. Marginal revenue
b. Average variable cost
c. Average total cost
d. Marginal cost
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Supply curve MSC: Definitional
95. If a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market discovers that, at its current level of production, price is greater
than marginal cost, it should
a. shut down.
b. reduce its output, but continue operating.
c. keep output the same.
d. increase its output.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
96. For any given price, a firm in a competitive market will maximize profit by selecting the level of output at which
price intersects the
a. average total cost curve.
b. average variable cost curve.
c. marginal cost curve.
d. marginal revenue curv
e.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
97. By comparing marginal revenue and marginal cost, a firm in a competitive market is able to adjust production to the
level that achieves its objective, which we assume to be
a. maximization of total revenue.
b. maximization of profit.
c. minimization of variable cost.
d. minimization of average total cost.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
592 Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets
98. When a restaurant stays open for lunch service even though few customers patronize the restaurant for lunch, which
of the following principles is (are) best demonstrated?
(i) Fixed costs are sunk in the short run.
(ii) In the short run, only fixed costs are important to the decision to stay open for lunch.
(iii) I f revenue exceeds variable cost, the restaurant owner is making a profitable strategic decision to remain open for lunch.
a. (i) and (ii) only
b. (ii) and (iii) only
c. (i) and (iii) only
d. All are demonstrated.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
99. In the long run, a profit-maximizing firm will choose to exit a market when
a. average fixed cost is falling.
b. variable costs exceed sunk costs.
c. marginal cost exceeds marginal revenue at the current level of production.
d. total revenue is less than total cost.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
100. One of the most important determinants of the success of free-market capitalism is
a. enlightened governments selecting firms that should not be allowed to exit a market.
b. free entry and exit in markets.
c. government regulation of market participants.
d. having a few large firms rather than thousands of small ones.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive
101. A profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market is currently producing 200 units of output. It has average revenue of $9 and average total cost of $7. It follows that the firm's
a. average total cost curve intersects the marginal cost curve at an output level of less than 200 units.
b. average variable cost curve intersects the marginal cost curve at an output level of less than 200 units.
c. profit is $400.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Applicative
102. A profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market is able to sell its product for $7. At its current level of output, the firm's average total cost is $10. The firm’s marginal cost curve crosses its marginal revenue curve at an output level of 9 units. The firm experiences a
a. profit of more than $27.
b. profit of exactly $27.
c. loss of more than $27.
d. loss of exactly $27.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit MSC: Applicative
103. If a competitive firm is currently producing a level of output at which marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost, then
a. a one-unit increase in output will increase the firm's profit.
b. a one-unit decrease in output will increase the firm's profit.
c. total revenue exceeds total cost.
d. total cost exceeds total revenu
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Competitive firms MSC: Analytical
Chapter 14/Firms in Competitive Markets 593 104. If a competitive firm is currently producing a level of output at which marginal cost exceeds marginal revenue, then
a. average revenue exceeds marginal cost.
b. the firm is earning a positive profit.
c. a one-unit decrease in output would increase the firm's profit.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Competitive firms MSC: Analytical
105. If a competitive firm is currently producing a level of output at which profit is not maximized, then it must be true that
a. marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost.
b. marginal cost exceeds marginal revenue.
c. total cost exceeds total revenue.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
106. At the profit-maximizing level of output,
a. marginal revenue equals average total cost.
b. marginal revenue equals average variable cost.
c. marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
d. average revenue equals average total cost.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
107. The intersection of a firm's marginal revenue and marginal cost curves determines the level of output at which
a. total revenue is equal to variable cost.
b. total revenue is equal to fixed cost.
c. total revenue is equal to total cost.
d. profit is maximized.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive
108. For a certain firm, the 100th unit of output that the firm produces has a marginal revenue of $10 and a marginal cost of $7. It follows that
a. the production of the 100th unit of output increases the firm's profit by $3.
b. the production of the 100th unit of output increases the firm's average total cost by $7.
c. the firm's profit-maximizing level of output is less than 100 units.
d. the production of the 110th unit of output must increase the firm’s profit by less than $3.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical
109. A certain competitive firm sells its output for $20 per unit. The 50th unit of output that the firm produces has a marginal cost of $22. Which of following is not necessarily true?
a. Production of the 50th unit of output increases the firm's total revenue by $20.
b. Production of the 50th unit of output increases the firm's total cost by $22.
c. Production of the 50th unit of output decreases the firm's profit by $2.
d. Production of the 50th unit of output i ncreases the firm’s average variable cost.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 14-2
TOP: Competitive firms MSC: Analytical
经济学原理对应练习 21
Chapter 21 The Theory of Consumer Choice Multiple Choice 1. The theory of consumer choice provides the foundation for understanding a. the structure of a firm. b. the profitability of a firm. c. a firm's product deman d. d. a firm's product supply. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0 TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional 2. The theory of consumer choice examines a. the determination of output in competitive markets. b. the tradeoffs inherent in decisions made by consumers. c. how consumers select inputs into manufacturing production processes. d. the determination of prices in competitive markets. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0 TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional 3. Consider two goods, books and hamburgers. The slope of the consumer's budget constraint is measured by the a. consumer's income divided by the price of hamburgers. b. relative price of books and hamburgers. c. consumer's marginal rate of substitution. d. number of books purchased divided by the number of hamburgers purchased. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Interpretive 4. If a consumer's income decreases, the budget constraint for CDs and DVDs will a. shift outward, parallel to the original budget constraint. b. shift inward, parallel to the original budget constraint. c. rotate outward along the CD axis because we can afford more CDs. d. rotate outward along the DVD axis because we can afford more DVDs. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical 5. If the relative price of a concert ticket is 3 times the price of a meal at a good restaurant, then the opportunity cost of a concert ticket can be measured by the a. slope of the budget constraint. b. slope of an indifference curve. c. marginal rate of substitution. d. income effect. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical 6. When the price of a shirt falls, the a. quantity of shirts demanded falls. b. quantity of shirts demanded rises. c. quantity of shirts supplied rises. d. demand for shirts falls. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1 TOP: Demand MSC: Analytical 898
政治经济学原理试题和答案
第一部分选择题（共50分） 一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）在每个小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将其号码填在题干后的括号内。 1. 马克思主义政治经济学的研究任务是（B ） A. 研究生产力及其发展规律 B. 揭示客观经济规律 C. 揭示资本主义剥削的实质 D. 研究社会经济运行状况 2. 衡量社会生产力发展水平的主要标志是（C ） A. 劳动资料 B. 劳动对象 C. 生产工具 D. 生产的产品 3. 商品的社会属性是指（ B ） A. 使用价值（自然属性） B. 价值 C. 交换价值 D. 抽象劳动 4. 决定商品价值量的是（ D ） A. 简单劳动 B. 商品的使用价值 C. 价格标准 D. 社会必要劳动时间 5. 1只绵羊＝2把石斧表示的是（D ） A. 一般的价值形式 B. 总和的或扩大的价值形式 C. 货币形式 D. 简单的或偶然的价值形式 6. 在商品供求关系平衡的条件下，商品价格（ A ） A. 与商品价值成正比，与货币价值成反比 B. 与商品价值成正比，与货币价值成正比 C. 与商品价值成反比，与货币价值成反比 D. 与商品价值成反比，与货币价值成正比
7. 货币转化为资本的前提条件是（ A ） A.劳动力成为商品 B. 生产资料可以买卖 C. 货币是一般等价物 D. 货币是社会财富的一般代表 8. 通过提高工人劳动强度取得剩余价值属于（ A ） A.绝对剩余价值 B. 相对剩余价值。在工作日长度不变的条件下，由于缩短必要劳动时间、相应延长剩余劳动时间而产生的剩余价值。相对剩余价值是全体资本家长期获得的，以全社会劳动生产率普遍提高为条件。 C. 超额剩余价值。个别资本家通过提高劳动生产率，使自己商品的个别价值低于社会价值而比一般资本家多得的那部分剩余价值。 D. 超额利润 9. 社会再生产就其内容来讲包括（ C ） A. 简单再生产和扩大再生产 B. 外延式扩大再生产和内涵式扩大再生产 C. 物质资料的再生产和生产关系的再生产 D. 生产资料的再生产和消费资料的再生产 10. 计件工资是（ A ） A. 计时工资的转化形式 B. 名义工资的转化形式 C. 实际工资的转化形式 D. 货币工资的转化形式 11. 资本积聚（ A ） A. 是依靠剩余价值的资本化实现的 B. 是由众多中小资本合并实现的 C. 是借助于竞争和信用来实现的 D. 不受社会财富增长速度的限制 12. 货币资本的循环公式是（A ）
曼昆版 经济学原理第七版 课后题及答案
二十三章 1下列每种交易会影响CDP的哪一部分(如果有影响的话)?并解释之。 A．家庭购买了一台新冰箱。 答：家庭购买了一台新冰箱会增加GDP中的消费(C)部分，因为家庭用于家用电器的支出计算在消费的耐用品类中。 B．杰妮姑妈买了一所新房子。 答：杰妮姑妈买了一所新房子会增加GDP中的投资(1)部分，因为家庭住宅能长期供人居住，提供服务。它比一般耐用消费品的使用寿命更长，因此把住宅房屋的投资计算在投资中。 C.福特汽车公司由其存货中出售了一部雷鸟牌汽车。 答：福利汽车公司由其存货中出售了一部雷鸟牌汽车会减少现期GDP中的投资，因为销售中间物品存货时，企业的存货投资是负的，因而减少了当期的GDP。 C．你买了一个比萨饼。 答：我买了一个比萨饼会增加GDP中的消费(C)，因为我用于购买食品的支出计算在消费的非耐用品类中。 D．加利福尼亚重新铺设了101号高速公路。 答：加利福尼亚重新铺设了101号高速公路增加了GDP中的政府购买(G)，因为修建高速公路是政府的行为。 E．你的父母购买了一瓶法国红酒。 答：我的父母购买了一瓶法国红酒会减少GDP中的净出口(NX)，因为法国红酒是进口食品，它的购买增加了美国的进口。 F．本田公司扩大其在俄亥俄州马利斯维尔的工厂。 答：本田公司扩大其在俄亥俄州马利斯维尔的工厂增加了GDP中的净出口(NX)，因为本田公司是一家日本企业，它在美国的投资减少了美国对日本本田汽车的进口，使NX增加 2．GDP组成部分中的“政府购买”并不包括用于社会保障这类转移支付的支出。想想GDP 的定义，解释为什么转移支付不包括在政府购买内? 答：因为转移支付并不是要交换现在生产的物品或劳务，从宏观经济的角度看，转移支付就像税收和回扣一样。转移支付和税收一样改变了家庭收入，但并没有反映经济的生产。由于GDP是要衡量在某一既定时期一个国家从物品与劳务的生产中得到的收入，所以，不把转移支付包括在政府购买内。 6．考虑以下美国GDP的数据： A．1996年到1997年间名义收入增长率是多少?(注意：增长率是一个时期到下一个时期百分比的变动。 答：1996年到1997年间名义收入增长率是5．86%。 B．1996年到1997年间，GDP平减指数的增长率是多少? 答：1996年到1997年间，GDP平减指数的增长率是1．8%。 C．按1992年的价格衡量，1996年的实际GDP是多少? 答：按1992年的价格衡量，1996年的实际收入是69654．5亿元。 D．按1992年的价格衡量，1997年的实际GDP是多少? 答：按1992年的价格衡量，1997年的实际收入是72419．7亿元。
华工《经济学原理》随堂练习答案
A. B. D. 西方经济学认为，所有社会都要解决（ A. B. C. D. 作为经济学的两个组成部分，微观经济学与宏观经济学是：（ A. B. D. 微观经济学理论是根据( A. B. C. D. 现代西方宏观经济学的研究正式开始的标志是（ A. B. D. 主要说明的是“应该是什么”的问题。 A. B. C. D. 下面属于宏观经济学研究范畴的是（
A. B. C. A. B. C. A. B. C. 第二章生产是什么 A. B. D. 边际效用递减意味着：（ A. B. C. D. 边际效用递减规律表明，随着消费者对某种商品消费量的增加
A. B. D. 某消费者逐渐增加某种商品的消费量，直到实现效用最大化。在这一过程 A. B. C. D. 如果商品的边际效用为零，那么（ A. B. D. 已知某消费者的收入是200元，商品 A. B. C. D. 总效用达到最大时：（ A. B. D. 对于公共产品的概念，以下表述正确的是
A. B. C. D. 西方经济学在研究消费者行为时，提出了以下假设：（ A. B. C. A. B. C. 第三章如何生产 A. B. D. 某厂商增加各种要素投入增加 A. B. C. D. 亨利花了一个小时购物并买了一件价值 A. B. D. 利润最大化的原则是：（
A. B. C. D. 当某厂商以最小的成本生产出既定产量时，那它（ A. B. D. 下面关干边际成本和平均成本的说法中哪个是正确的： A. B. C. D. 下列因素中，（）是可变成本。 A. B. D. 如果总产量从单位增加到 A. B. C. D. 如果增加1单位产量所增加的边际成本小于产量增加前的平均成本 A. B. C. D.
经济学原理对应练习
如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！Chapter 21 The Theory of Consumer Choice Multiple Choice 1. The theory of consumer choice provides the foundation for understanding a. the structure of a firm. b. the profitability of a firm. c. a firm's product deman d. d. a firm's product supply. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0 TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional 2. The theory of consumer choice examines a. the determination of output in competitive markets. b. the tradeoffs inherent in decisions made by consumers. c. how consumers select inputs into manufacturing production processes. d. the determination of prices in competitive markets. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0 TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional 3. Consider two goods, books and hamburgers. The slope of the consumer's budget constraint is measured by the a. consumer's income divided by the price of hamburgers. b. relative price of books and hamburgers. c. consumer's marginal rate of substitution. d. number of books purchased divided by the number of hamburgers purchased. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Interpretive 4. If a consumer's income decreases, the budget constraint for CDs and DVDs will a. shift outward, parallel to the original budget constraint. b. shift inward, parallel to the original budget constraint. c. rotate outward along the CD axis because we can afford more CDs. d. rotate outward along the DVD axis because we can afford more DVDs. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical 5. If the relative price of a concert ticket is 3 times the price of a meal at a good restaurant, then the opportunity cost of a concert ticket can be measured by the a. slope of the budget constraint. b. slope of an indifference curve. c. marginal rate of substitution. d. income effect. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical 6. When the price of a shirt falls, the a. quantity of shirts demanded falls. b. quantity of shirts demanded rises. c. quantity of shirts supplied rises. d. demand for shirts falls. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1 TOP: Demand MSC: Analytical 898页
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经济学原理对应练习09
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-1 TOP: I nternatio nal trade | Prices MSC: Defini tio nal 345 Chapter 9 Application: International Trade Multiple Choice 1. An importa nt factor in the decli ne of the U.S. textile in dustry over the past 100 or so years is a. foreign competitors that could produce quality textile goods at low cost. b. lower prices of goods that are substitutes for clothing. c. a decrease in America ns ' dema nd for clothi ng, due to in creased in comes and the fact that clothi ng is an in ferior good. d. the fact that the mini mum wage in the U.S. has failed to keep pace with the cost of livi ng. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-0 TOP: I nternatio nal trade MSC: I nterpretive 2. With which of the Ten Principles of Economics is the study of international trade most closely connected? a. People face tradeoffs. b. Trade can make every one better off. c. Gover nments can sometimes improve market outcomes. d. Prices rise whe n the gover nment pr ints too much mon ey. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-0 TOP: I nternatio nal trade MSC: I nterpretive 3. A logical start ing point from which the study of intern ati onal trade beg ins is a. the recognition that not all markets are competitive. b. the recognition that government intervention in markets sometimes enhances the economic welfare of the society. c. the prin ciple of absolute adva ntage. d. the principle of comparative advantag e. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-0 TOP: Intern ati onal trade | Comparative adva ntage 4. A tax on an imported good is called a a. quota. b. tariff. c. supply tax. d. trade tax. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-1 TOP: Tariffs MSC: Defi nitio nal 5. The price of a good that prevails in a world market is called the a. absolute price. b. relative price. c. comparative price. d. world pric e. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-1 TOP: Price | World trade MSC: Defi nitio nal 6. The price of cott on that prevails in intern ati onal markets is called the a. export price of cotton. b. import price of cott on. c. comparative-adva ntage price of cott on. d. world price of cotton. 7. If a country allows trade and, for a certain good, the domestic price without trade is higher than the world price, MSC: I nterpretive
华南理工大学经济学原理随堂练习答案 (1)
第一章绪论经济学的关怀 随堂练习提交截止时间：2019-06-15 23:59:59 当前页有10题，你已做10题，已提交10题，其中答对7题。 1.(单选题) 经济学主要研究（）。 A.自由市场的价格 B.政府对私人部门的影响 C.把收入分配给个人 D.面对稀缺性而做出的资源分配决定 答题： A. B. C. D. （已提交） 参考答案：D 问题解析： 2.(单选题) 西方经济学认为，所有社会都要解决（）。 A .生产什么、生产多少 B.如何生产、何时生产 C .为谁生产 D.以上答案都对 答题： A. B. C. D. （已提交） 参考答案：D 问题解析： 3.(单选题) 作为经济学的两个组成部分，微观经济学与宏观经济学是：（） A.互相对立的 B.没有任何联系的 C.相互补充的 D.完全相同的 答题： A. B. C. D. （已提交） 参考答案：C 问题解析： 4.(单选题) 现代西方宏观经济学的研究正式开始的标志是（） A. 《国富论》 B.《就业、利息和货币通论》 C.《经济学原理》 D.《经济学：原理、问题和政策》 答题： A. B. C. D. （已提交） 参考答案：B 问题解析： 5.(单选题) 微观经济学理论是根据( ) 假设提出来的。 A.经济人 B.社会人 C.自我实现人 D.复杂人 答题： A. B. C. D. （已提交） 参考答案：A 问题解析： 6.(单选题) 主要说明“应该是什么”的问题是（）。 A.实证经济学 B.规范经济学 C.微观经济学 D.宏观经济学 答题： A. B. C. D. （已提交） 参考答案：B 问题解析：
7.(多选题) 经济一词的含义是（）。 A.节约 B. 节省 C.家庭财产管理 D.国家财产管理 答题： A. B. C. D. （已提交） 参考答案：ABCD 问题解析： 8.(多选题) 财富的资本形态表现为（）。 A. 自然资本 B. 人力资本 C. 社会资本 D.人造资本 E.金融资本 答题： A. B. C. D. E. （已提交） 参考答案：ABCDE 问题解析： 9.(多选题) 人的需求可以分为（）。 A.生理需求 B.安全需求 C.社交需求 D.尊重需求 E.自我实现需求 F.超越自我需求答题： A. B. C. D. E. F. （已提交） 参考答案：ABCDEF 问题解析： 10.(多选题) 西方经济学认为经济资源主要有（）。 A.自然资源 B.人力资源 C.资本资源 D.以上都不正确 答题： A. B. C. D. （已提交） 参考答案：ABC 问题解析： 第一章绪论经济学的关怀 随堂练习提交截止时间：2019-06-15 23:59:59 当前页有5题，你已做5题，已提交5题，其中答对5题。 11.(多选题) 经济学思维方式关注的是（）。 A.个人行为选择 B.个人选择相互作用即群体合作 C.前两种活动的结果即整体经济相互作用 D.以上都不正确 答题： A. B. C. D. （已提交） 参考答案：ABC 问题解析： 12.(多选题) 经济体制的差别主要有（）。 A.决策体制不同 B.协调机制不同 C. 激励机制不同 D.以上都不正确 答题： A. B. C. D. （已提交） 参考答案：ABC 问题解析： 13.(多选题) 个人与政府关系上，存在的价值观是（）。 A.机械论 B.有机论 C. 个人主义集体主义 答题： A. B. C. D. （已提交）
西方经济学说史综合练习_9
西方经济学说史综合练习 一、单项选择题 1.19世纪四、五十年代，英国最著名的经济学家是( ) A.威廉?配第 B.亚当?斯密 C.大卫?李嘉图 D.约?斯?穆勒 2.约?斯?穆勒的改革主张认为应重点解决的问题是( ) A.生产问题 B.人口问题 C.分配问题 D.对外贸易问题 3.亚当?斯密认为第一性的地租是指( ) A.级差地租 B.建筑地租 C.农业地租* D.林业地租 4.19世纪50年代在德国出现并在70年代成为奥地利学派的理论渊源和基础的理论是( ) A.萨伊定律 B.凯恩斯定律 C.戈森定律 D.斯密教条 5.萨伊提出了关于政治经济学研究的( ) A.二分法 B.三分法 C.四分法 D.一元整体方法 6.“重商主义”名称最初是由( ) A.配第在《赋税论》中提出来的 B.斯密在《国富论》中提出来的 C.李嘉图在《赋税原理》中提出来的 D.魁奈在《谷物论》中提出来的 7.李嘉图的稳定通货方案主张建立( ) A.金本位制 B.银本位制 C.复本位制 D.以金本位为基础的可兑换的纸币制度 8.美国经济学家凯里把其经济理论的重点放在了( ) A.劳动价值论方面 B.生产费用论方面 C.收入分配论方面 D.批判古典理论方面 9.《经济表》的作者是( ) A.配第 B.斯密 C.李嘉图 D.魁奈 10.意大利经济学家帕累托对边际效用学派的主要贡献之一是提出了( ) A.序数效用论 B.时差利息论 C.一般均衡论 D.边际生产力论 11.斯密把资本概念普遍化并第一次将资本划分为( ) A.固定资本和流动资本 B.原预付资本和年预付资本 C.不变资本和可变资本 D.个别资本和社会资本 12.边际效用价值论的先驱者之一，“数理经济学之父”是( ) A.法国工程师朱?杜普伊 B.法国数学家和哲学家安?奥?古尔诺 C.德国经济学家戈森 D.瑞士经济学家里昂?瓦尔拉斯 13.重商主义认为财富的直接源泉在( ) A.工业中 B.农业中 C.商业中 D.工商业中 14.李斯特政策主张所涉及的核心问题是( ) A.自由贸易政策问题 B.保护关税政策问题 C.发展生产力的政策问题 D.收入分配政策问题 15.主张通过建立“技术人员委员会”来调整社会矛盾的美国制度学派代表人物是( ) A.康蒙斯 B.凡勃仑 C.加尔布雷思 D.米契尔 16.斯密的“自然价格”包含按自然率支付的( ) A.工资和地租 B.工资和利润 C.地租和利润 D.工资、地租和利润 17.马歇尔认为，生产要素价格的确定问题也就是( ) A.生产问题 B.消费问题 C.交换问题 D.分配问题 18.西斯蒙第关于社会经济制度改革的立场是( ) A.工业资产阶级立场（反对立场） B.地主阶级改良派立场（马尔萨斯的立场） C.小生产者立场 D.个人主义的立场 19.和德国旧历史学派相比，德国新历史学派之“新”主要表现在( ) A.反对古典经济学的经济自由主义 B.反对马克思主义 C.强调在经济研究中运用历史分析的方法 D.强调经济发展的阶段性特征 20.魁奈认为，纯产品是( ) A.商品中扣除生产资料和工资后剩下的部分 B.产品中扣除生产资料和工资后剩下的部分