AS NZS 4417.2-2012
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
Australian/New Zealand Standard ?
Regulatory compliance mark for electrical and electronic equipment Part 2: Specific requirements for particular regulatory applications
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee QR-012, Conformance Marking to Regulatory Requirements. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 19 April 2012 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 26 April 2012.
This Standard was published on 29 June 2012.
The following are represented on Committee QR-012:
Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Communications and Media Authority
Australian Industry Group
Australian Information Industry Association
Business New Zealand
Consumer Electronics Association of New Zealand
Consumer Electronics Suppliers Association
Consumers' Federation of Australia
Electrical Regulatory Authorities Council
Engineers Australia
Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand
Lighting Council Australia
Ministry of Economic Development(New Zealand)
National Association of Testing Authorities Australia
New South Wales Fair Trading
New Zealand Electric Fence Energiser Manufacturers Standards WG
New Zealand Manufacturers and Exporters Association
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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 11909.
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
Australian/New Zealand Standard?Regulatory compliance mark for electrical and electronic equipment
Part 2: Specific requirements for particular regulatory applications
Originated in Australia and New Zealand as AS/NZS 4417.2:1996.
Second edition AS/NZS 4417.2:2001.
Third edition AS/NZS 4417.2:2009.
Fourth edition AS/NZS 4417.2:2012.
COPYRIGHT
? Standards Australia Limited/Standards New Zealand
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by ny me ns, electronic or mech nic l, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher, unless otherwise permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Australia) or the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand).
Jointly published by SAI Globa l Limited under licence from Sta nda rds Austra lia Limited, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001 a nd by Sta nda rds New Zea la nd, Priva te Ba g 2439, Wellington 6140
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012 2
Contents PREFACE (3)
1SCOPE (4)
1.1REFERENCED DOCUMENTS (4)
2USE OF THE RCM TO INDICATE COMPLIANCE WITH ELECTRCITY SAFETY REGULATIONS (5)
2.1TERMS AND DEFINITIONS (5)
2.2CLASSIFICATION AND REGISTRATION OF ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (5)
2.3CONDITIONS FOR USE OF THE RCM FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY (6)
2.3.1Mandatory Use (6)
2.3.2Voluntary use (6)
3USE OF THE RCM TO INDICATE COMPLIANCE WITH THE AUSTRALIA COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA AUTHORITY AND THE NEW ZEALAND RADIO
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS (6)
3.1THE ACMA Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements (6)
3.2The ACMA Radiocommunications Requirements (6)
3.3The ACMA Electromagnetic Energy (EME) Requirements (7)
3.4The ACMA Telecommunications customer equipment Requirements (7)
3.5RSM Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements (7)
3.6RSM Radiocommunications Requirements (7)
Annex A (informative) Interactions between regulations (8)
Annex B (normative) Regulatory definitions and classification of equipment (9)
B.1INTRODUCTION (9)
B.2COMBINED AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND EQUIPMENT
REGULATORY DEFINITIONS (9)
B.3ADDITIONAL NEW ZEALAND REGULATORY DEFINITIONS (24)
B.4LEVEL 3 EQUIPMENT AND LEVEL 2 EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATIONS (27)
Annex C (informative) Examples of Declarations as required by legislation (31)
Table B.4 –Australian and New Zealand Equipment Risk Classifications (28)
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
3
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee QR-012, Conformance Marking to Regulatory Requirements.
This standard supersedes the 2009 edition of AS/NZS 4417.2 on 1 March 2013.
The objective of this Standard is to provide a uniform Australian/New Zealand regulatory compliance mark for electrical and electronic equipment. It is intended that such marking will aid regulators in regulatory enforcement and may aid purchasing decisions by consumers.
AS/NZS 4417 is published in separate parts as follows:
Part 1: Use of the mark
Part 2: Specific requirements for particular regulatory applications
The standard currently covers requirements for the use of the RCM for electrical safety. It also contains information on the use of the RCM for electromagnetic compatibility and radiocommunications and, in Australia, telecommunications and electromagnetic energy. Other regulatory areas may be included in the future, such as—
a) gas equipment regulatory applications in New Zealand
b) water equipment regulatory applications;
c) energy efficiency/minimum energy performance regulatory applications;
d) medical electrical equipment regulatory applications in New Zealand
This revision includes changes that are compatible with the introduction of the Electrical Regulatory Authorities Council of Australia and New Zealand’s Electrical Equipment Safety System (EESS). It also aligns this standard to the current regulatory requirements of the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) for electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic energy, telecommunications and radiocommunications and the New Zealand Radio Spectrum Management (RSM) regulatory requirements for electromagnetic compatibility and radiocommunications.
Information on the ACMA technical and labelling requirements for electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic emissions, telecommunications and radiocommunications is available at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8e7753104.html,.au .
Information on RSM technical and labelling requirements for electromagnetic compatibility and radiocommunications is available at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8e7753104.html,/cms/.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the application of the Annex to which they apply. A ‘normative’ Annex is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ Annex is only for information and guidance.
Words in bold in the text are defined in clause 2.1 or in AS/NZS 4417.1
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012 4
AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND STANDARD
___________
Marking of electrical and electronic equipment
to indicate compliance with regulations
Part 2: Specific requirements for particular regulatory applications
1 SCOPE
This standard specifies the requirements for the Regulatory Compliance Mark (RCM) and its placement on electrical and electronic equipment to indicate compliance with particular regulations applicable to aspects of the equipment as detailed in this standard.
It is to be read in conjunction with AS/NZS 4417.1 and with the ERAC EESS, Regulations and Scheme Rules, Australian State and Territory Electrical Safety Regulations, New Zealand Electrical Safety Regulations and the ACMA and RSM Regulations.
The requirements for application of the mark for the ACMA labelling purposes are contained in the relevant ACMA Labelling Notices. For the information of suppliers and other interested parties, this standard also contains an overview of the ACMA arrangements.
NOTE 1 Regulations, other than those mentioned in this standard may be also applicable to electrical and electronic equipment.
NOTE 2 Interactions between the application of the RCM for electrical safety and with the Australia Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) Regulations and the New Zealand Radio Spectrum Management (RSM) Regulations are shown in Annex A for mandatory/voluntary use.
1.1 REFERENCED
DOCUMENTS
The following documents are referred to in this Standard:
AS/NZ STANDARDS
4417 Regulatory compliance mark for electrical and electronic equipment
4417.1 Part 1: Use of the mark
NOTE Additional Standards are referenced in Annex B and in the regulatory Documents listed below REGULATORY DOCUMENTS
ERAC Electrical Equipment Safety System (EESS) – Scheme Rules: 2012
Radiocommunications Devices (Compliance Labelling) Notice 2003 ACMA
(Radiocommunications Labelling Notice)
ACMA Radiocommunications Labelling (Electromagnetic Compatibility) Notice 2008 (EMC Labelling Notice)
ACMA Telecommunications Labelling (Customer Equipment and Customer Cabling) Notice 2001 (Telecommunications Labelling Notice)
ACMA Radiocommunications (Compliance Labelling –Electromagnetic Radiation) Labelling Notice 2003 (EME Labelling Notice)
RSM Radiocommunications (Compliance) Notice 2004
RSM Radiocommunications (EMC Standards) Notice 2004 no. 2
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
5
RSM Radiocommunications (Radio Standards) Notice 2010
2 USE OF THE RCM TO INDICATE COMPLIANCE WITH ELECTRCITY SAFETY
REGULATIONS
2.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS/NZS 4417.1 and those below apply. Annex B gives the electricity safety regulatory definitions for specific equipment.
2.1.1
electrical regulator
government agency responsible for the application of electrical safety legislation in Australia or New Zealand
NOTE Contact details for electrical regulators may be obtained from the Electrical Regulatory Authorities Council website at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8e7753104.html,.au
2.1.2
level 3 equipment
electrical and electronic equipment defined in Annex B of this standard to be high risk equipment that is required by electrical regulators to be certified and registered on the EESS national data base before being placed on the market. In New Zealand these are referred to as declared high risk articles
2.1.3
level 2 equipment
electrical and electronic equipment defined in Annex B of this standard to be medium risk equipment which is required by electrical regulators to have a compliance folder and be registered on the EESS national data base before being placed on the market. In New Zealand these are referred to as declared medium risk articles
2.1.4
level 1 equipment
electrical and electronic equipment which is neither level 3 equipment nor level 2 equipment
2.1.5
responsible supplier’s declaration
declaration by a responsible supplier that equipment complies with the requirements of the relevant regulatory jurisdiction
NOTE The substance of responsible supplier’s declarations as detailed on the EESS database are shown in Annex C.
2.1.6
compliance folder
assembly of documents that will verify the claim of compliance upon which a responsible supplier’s use of the RCM is based
OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
REGISTRATION
2.2 CLASSIFICATION
AND
EQUIPMENT
Level 3 equipment is classified by means of regulatory definitions for the purpose of indicating which classes of equipment must be certified and registered on the EESS national data base before being placed on the market.
Level 2 equipment is classified by means of regulatory definitions for the purpose of indicating which classes of equipment must have a compliance folder and be registered on the EESS national data base before being placed on the market.
Level 1 equipment must be electrically safe, meet the relevant standard and be covered by a responsible supplier’s declaration before being placed on the market.
.
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012 6
2.3 CONDITIONS FOR USE OF THE RCM FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY
2.3.1 Mandatory Use
Where the RCM is required to be used under a regulation, it shall be used in accordance with that regulation.
2.3.2 Voluntary use
Where the RCM is not required to be used under regulation it may be used voluntarily on electrical and electronic equipment, subject to the following conditions being met -
1. Responsible supplier is registered on the EESS database; and
compliance folder is assembled containing a responsible supplier’s
2. A
declaration for each product marked with the RCM. The compliance folder shall
contain the same information required as for level 2 equipment
3 USE OF THE RCM TO INDICATE COMPLIANCE WITH THE AUSTRALIA
COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA AUTHORITY AND THE NEW ZEALAND
RADIO SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS
3.1 The ACMA Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements
For Australia, the ACMA EMC Labelling Notice imposes obligations on suppliers of a wide range of electrical and electronic devices, vehicles and devices with internal combustion engines. Only products that are covered by the ACMA EMC technical standards made under section 162 of the Radiocommunications Act 1992 are subject to the EMC Labelling Notice.
A supplier of a device to which a section 162 technical standard applies must not supply the device unless the device:
a) Complies with the technical requirements contained in an applicable standard;
b) For a Compliance Level 2 or Level 3 device is affixed with the RCM.
NOTE 1 The Radiocommunications (Electromagnetic Compatibility) Standard 2008 refers to a list of applicable technical standards contained on the ACMA website.
Where a product is required to be labelled with the RCM as a result of the application of State and Territory electrical and electronic equipment safety requirements, but is not required to be labelled with RCM for EMC purposes (i.e. the product is either not covered by or exempt from EMC requirements, or is a Compliance Level 1 product) the product does not need to meet the compliance requirements that apply for EMC labelled products.
The supplier must also maintain the compliance documentation relevant to the product. The required compliance documentation is determined by the compliance level that applies to the device. Compliance levels are described in the EMC Labelling Notice.
More information on the technical and labelling requirements for EMC products is available at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8e7753104.html,.au . Where there is conflict between this standard and the ACMA labelling requirements, the latter shall prevail.
NOTE 2 Schedule 2 to the EMC Labelling Notice sets out the exemptions to the EMC labelling requirements.
3.2 The ACMA Radiocommunications Requirements
For Australia, the ACMA Radiocommunications Labelling Notice imposes obligations on suppliers of radiocommunications devices to which a standard made under section 162 of the Radiocommunications Act 1992 applies.
A supplier of a device to which a section 162 technical standard applies must not supply the device unless the device:
a) Complies with the technical requirements contained in the applicable standard;
b) Is affixed with the RCM.
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
7
The supplier must also maintain the compliance documentation relevant to the device. The required compliance documentation is determined by the compliance level that applies to the device. Compliance levels are described in the Radiocommunications Labelling Notice.
NOTE The Radiocommunications Act 1992 also provides that it is an offence to supply a non-standard radiocommunications device.
More information on the technical and labelling requirements for radiocommunications devices is available at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8e7753104.html,.au . Where there is conflict between this standard and the ACMA labelling requirements, the latter shall prevail.
3.3 The ACMA Electromagnetic Energy (EME) Requirements
For Australia, the ACMA EME Labelling Notice imposes obligations on suppliers of certain mobile and portable radiocommunications devices. Only devices that are subject to the ACMA EME Exposure Standard made under section 162 of the Radiocommunications Act 1992 are subject to the EME Labelling Notice.
NOTE The ACMA EME technical standard references technical limits developed by the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA).
A supplier of a device to which the EME Exposure Standard applies must not supply the device unless the device:
a) Complies with the technical requirements contained in the standard;
b) Is affixed with the RCM.
The supplier must also maintain the compliance documentation relevant to the device. The required compliance documentation is determined by the compliance level that applies to the device. Compliance levels are described in the EME Labelling Notice.
More information on the EME technical and labelling requirements for radiocommunications devices is available at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8e7753104.html,.au . Where there is conflict between this standard and the ACMA labelling requirements, the latter shall prevail.
3.4 The ACMA Telecommunications Customer Equipment Requirements
For Australia, the ACMA Telecommunications Labelling Notice imposes obligations on the suppliers of certain categories of customer equipment.
A supplier of customer equipment or customer cabling described in the Telecommunications Labelling Notice must not supply the equipment or cabling unless:
a) Meets the applicable ACMA technical standards listed in the Telecommunications
Labelling Notice;
b) Is affixed with the RCM.
The supplier must also maintain the compliance documentation relevant to the customer equipment or customer cabling.
More information on the technical and labelling requirements for customer equipment and customer cabling is available at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8e7753104.html,.au. Where there is conflict between this standard and the ACMA labelling requirements, the latter shall prevail.
3.5 RSM Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements
The RSM EMC requirements are the same as the ACMA requirements detailed in clause 3.1 except for the labelling notice reference. Refer instead to RSM’s Radiocommunications (Compliance) Notice 2004 and RSM’s Radiocommunications (EMC Standards) Notice 2004 no. 2. 3.6 RSM Radiocommunications Requirements
These are similar to the ACMA requirements detailed in clause 3.2 except for the labelling notice reference and the risk level designations. Refer instead to RSM Radiocommunications (Compliance) Notice 2004 and Radiocommunications (Radio Standards) Notice 2010.
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012 8
Annex A
(informative)
Interactions between regulations
The RCM is used as a mandatory mark under electrical safety, the ACMA and RSM regulations in Australia and New Zealand.
Under all of those regulations where not required to be mandatorily applied the mark does not need to be applied but at the suppliers discretion it can be applied voluntarily if relevant.
Where the mark is applied mandatorily under a particular regulation then the rules of the mandatory marking for that regulation apply.
Where the mark is applied voluntarily under a particular regulation then the rules for the mandatory marking for that regulation apply.
Where the mark is applied mandatorily under a particular regulation (regulation A) but does not need to be applied under another regulation (regulation B) then the rules for the mandatory marking for regulation A apply and the rules for non-marking under regulation B apply.
NOTE 1 As an example, where equipment is required to be labelled under the EESS arrangements, but is not required to be labelled under ACMA arrangements (e.g. a Level 1 EMC product), the ACMA Labelling Notices provide that the product does not need to meet ACMA labelling and record keeping requirements (other than a description of the device for a Level 1 EMC product).
Where the mark is applied mandatorily under a particular regulation (regulation A) and does not need to be applied under another regulation (regulation B) but the supplier decides to apply it voluntarily under regulation B then the rules for the mandatory marking for regulation A apply and the rules for mandatory marking under regulation B apply.
NOTE 2 As an example, where equipment is required to be labelled under ACMA arrangements, but is not required to be labelled under EESS arrangements (e.g. a Level 2 EMC product intended solely for commercial or industrial use), the product is not required to meet EESS labelling, record-keeping and product registration requirements. The Supplier should register on the EESS database as per ACMA requirements. As per State and Territory Electrical Safety legislation, the product must be electrically safe.
For full details it is necessary to refer to the ACMA and RSM Notices and the EESS scheme rules.
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
9
Annex B
(normative)
Regulatory definitions and classification of equipment
B.1 INTRODUCTION
The regulatory definitions in this Annex are those currently legislated in Australia and New Zealand.
A number of product Standards listed in this Annex are identified as a Part 2 (.2) Standard. Where this is noted the Standard should be used in conjunction with the appropriate edition of the relevant Part 1 (.1) Standard.
NOTE 1 Some definitions may overlap. Where a product falls within more than one definition, the definition most appropriate to the type and intended use of the product should be used.
Note 2 Electrical regulators may vary the nominated Standards in accordance with the EESS scheme rules. NOTE 3 Unless otherwise stated in-scope equipment that is not listed in Table B.4 is deemed to be Level 1 equipment.
B.2 COMBINED AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND EQUIPMENT
REGULATORY DEFINITIONS
B.2.1 Appliance connector
An electrical device that—
(a) is for attachment to a flexible cord; and
(b) makes a detachable connection between the conductors of the cord and the pins or
contacts of any low voltage appliance or equipment of a type intended or generally used for household applications;
but does not include—
(c) a connector within the scope of AS/NZS 3123; or
(d) a plug or socket-outlet within the scope of AS/NZS 3131.
Class specification:
Appliance coupler—AS/NZS 60320.1
Sewing machine appliance coupler—AS/NZS 60320.2.1
Interconnection appliance coupler—AS/NZS 60320.2.2
B.2.2 Arc welding machine
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is for use in the electric arc welding process;
(b) is for connection to single phase low voltage supply;
(c) is fitted with a flexible cord and plug rated at not more than 16 A;
(d) can easily be moved from one place to another while it is connected to supply; and
(e) has, for GMAW (gas metal arc welding), GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding), and FCAW
(flux cored arc welding) machines, a 100% output rating not exceeding 65 A. The 100%
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012 10
rating is calculated from the square root of the marked duty cycle expressed in decimal form multiplied by the marked output current associated with the duty cycle in amperes; but does not include—
(f) an arc welding machine promoted exclusively to industry.
Class specification:
AS 60974.6 for Australia/IEC 60974-6 for New Zealand
B.2.3 Bayonet lampholder
An electrical device that—
(a) accommodates a lamp with a bayonet cap of 15 mm or 22 mm nominal diameter;
but does not include—
(b) a lampholder that by design is restricted to specific appliances; or
(c) a lampholder that is for incorporation in industrial equipment only.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 3117 or AS/NZS 61184
B.2.4 Bayonet lampholder adaptor
An electrical device that—
(a) is for insertion into a B22 bayonet lampholder; and
(b) is for connection to a flexible cord; or
(c) has one or more lampholders.
Class specification:
AS 3119
B.2.5 Blanket
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is for application of heat to a bed;
(b) is flexible;
(c) has a fabric enclosure; and
(d) has a projected surface area exceeding 0.6 m2;
and includes—
(e) any associated power supply or controller.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60335.2.17
B.2.6 Bread toaster
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type; and
(b) is for toasting bread or similar foods.
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
11
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60335.2.9
B.2.7 Clothes dryer
An electrical appliance that —
(a) is a household type; and
(b) is for drying textile material;
but does not include—
(c) a heated towel rail.
Class specification
Rotary type—AS/NZS 60335.2.11
Cabinet type—AS/NZS 60335.2.43
B.2.8 Control or conditioning device
An electrical device that—
(a) is a household type;
(b) is for controlling or conditioning the electrical input to electrical apparatus via outlet
facility(s) of the condition or control device;;
(c) is portable;
(d) is self contained; and
(e) connects to supply by means of a flexible cord and plug, appliance inlet or pins for
engagement with a socket-outlet.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 3197
B.2.9 Cooking appliance—portable type
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type;
(b) is for cooking or warming food by electrical energy; and
(c) is portable.
Class specification:
Griller, roaster or oven (including breadmaker)—AS/NZS 60335.2.9
Warming plate and similar—AS/NZS 60335.2.12
Frying pan, deep fryer or wok—AS/NZS 60335.2.13
Outdoor barbecue—AS/NZS 60335.2.78
B.2.10 Cord extension socket
An electrical device that—
(a) is for attachment to a flexible cord;
(b) has a maximum rating of 20 A at low voltage; and
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012 12
(c) has contacts whereby a detachable connection may be made with the corresponding pins
of a plug or an inlet;
but does not include—
(d) a connector or appliance connector designated in AS/NZS 3123; or
(e) a socket-outlet designated in AS/NZS 3131.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 3120
B.2.11 Cord-line switch
An electrical device that—
(a) is for attachment in a flexible cord;
(b) manually opens and closes an electrical circuit; and
(c) has a rating not exceeding 16 A at low voltage;
but does not include—
(d) bell push and pendant switches.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 3127
B.2.12 Decorative lighting outfit
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is for decorative, display or illumination purposes;
(b) is portable;
(c) consists of—
(i) lamps (including Light Emitting Diode “LED” types) or lampholders interconnected by
flexible cord of less than 2.5 mm2 cross-sectional area; or
(ii) lamps (including Light Emitting Diode “LED” types) within a flexible enclosure;
(d) may be integral with a frame or similar support;
and includes—
(e) any integral power supply or control device.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60598.2.20
B.2.13 Dishwashing machine
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type; and
(b) is for washing of eating and cooking utensils.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60335.2.5
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
13
B.2.14 Edison screw lampholder
An electrical device that—
(a) accommodates a lamp with an Edison screw cap of 14 mm or 27 mm nominal outside
diameter;
but does not include—
(b) a lampholder that by design is restricted to specific appliances; or
(c) a lampholder that is for incorporation in industrial equipment only.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 3140 or AS/NZS 60238
B.2.15 Fan
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type;
(b) has a primary function of moving air in its vicinity for comfort or extraction purposes; and
(c) is self contained
and includes—
(d) any associated ancillary equipment.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60335.2.80
B.2.16 Fence energizer
An electrical appliance that regulates and controls the supply of electrical energy to an electrical fence.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60335.2.76
B.2.17 Flexible heating pad
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is for application of heat to parts of the human body;
(b) is in the form of a flexible pad; and
(c) has a projected area not exceeding 0.6 m2.
Class specification:
Foot warmer and foot mat—AS/NZS 3350.2.81 (withdrawal date 20 October 2013) or AS/NZS 60335.2.81
Other—AS/NZS 60335.2.17
B.2.18 Floor polisher/scrubber
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type; and
(b) is used to polish or scrub floors.
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012 14
Class specification:
AS/NZS 3350.2.10 (withdrawal date 23 June 2013) or AS/NZS 60335.2.10
B.2.19 Fluorescent lamp ballast
An electrical device that—
(a) is for controlling the magnitude of current flowing through the discharge path of a
fluorescent lamp;
(b) is of the independent or built-in type intended for use with luminaires (portable or fixed);
or
(c) is of the integral type, rated at 60 W or less, such that it forms a non-replaceable part of
a fluorescent lamp/ballast combination; or
(d) is of the adaptor type such that it allows the insertion of a fluorescent lamp into the
ballast by the user;
and includes—
(e) any capacitor incorporated in or supplied with the ballast;
but does not include—
(f) a ballast that is incorporated in luminaires certified for compliance with the requirements
for electrical and electronic equipment with increased safety type protection (Ex e) for use in hazardous locations.
Class specification:
Integral (self ballasted lamp) magnetic and electronic types—AS/NZS 60968
Other magnetic type—AS/NZS 61347.2.8
Other electronic type—AS/NZS 61347.2.3
B.2.20 Fluorescent lamp starter
An electrical device that—
(a) is for starting preheat type fluorescent lamps;
(b) is a glow-start type; and
(c) has an enclosure of insulating material.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60155
B.2.21 Hair care appliance
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type or a commercial hand-held type; and
(b) is for drying, styling or the caring of human hair.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60335.2.23
B.2.22 Hedge clipper
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is for trimming hedges; and
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
15
(b) is hand held.
Class specifications:
AS/NZS 60745.2.15
B.2.23 Immersion heater
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type;
(b) is for heating liquid in that it may be immersed; and
(c) is self contained;
and includes—
(d) aquarium type immersion heaters.
Class specification:
Aquarium type—AS/NZS 60335.2.55
Portable (other than aquarium) type—AS/NZS 60335.2.74
Fixed type—AS/NZS 60335.2.73
B.2.24 Insect electrocutor
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type; and
(b) kills insects by the application of electrical energy.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60335.2.59
B.2.25 Inspection handlamp
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is for inspection purposes using illumination;
(b) holds an incandescent or discharge lamp; and
(c) is hand held;
but does not include—
(d) handlamps with a magnification facility.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60598.2.8
B.2.26 Iron
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type;
(b) is for smoothing or pressing fabric by the application of heat or steam; and
(c) is hand held except for any separate steam generator;
and includes—
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012 16
(d) any associated equipment.
Class specification:
Fabric steamer—AS/NZS 60335.2.85
Other—AS/NZS 60335.2.3
B.2.27 Kitchen machine
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type; and
(b) is for the preparation of food by mechanical means; or
(c) is for opening cans; or
(d) is for sharpening of knives.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60335.2.14
B.2.28 Lawn care appliance
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type; and
(b) is for cutting grass or lawn.
Class specification:
Mower—AS/NZS 60335.2.77
Trimmer—AS/NZS 60335.2.91
Grass shears—AS/NZS 60335.2.94
B.2.29 Liquid heating appliance
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type;
(b) is
portable;
(c) has a capacity not exceeding 10L; and
liquid
for—
(d) heats
(i) humidifying room air; or
(ii) use in, or as, a hot beverage; or
(iii) cooking.
Class specification:
Humidifier—AS/NZS 60335.2.98
Other—AS/NZS 60335.2.15
B.2.30 Luminaire—portable type
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type;
(b) provides illumination or for decorative purposes, produces light;
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012
17
(c) is fitted with a supply flexible cord, an appliance inlet socket or a power supply unit with
integral pins for insertion into a socket-outlet;
(d) is for standing on a table or floor, or is fitted with a clamp or similar for attachment to
vertical or horizontal surfaces;
(e) is for use with tungsten filament, tubular fluorescent or other discharge lamps; and
(f) is constructed to represent a model, person or animal and, by its design and materials
used, is likely to be treated by a child as a toy; or
(g) has metal parts that are required to be earthed or double insulated from live parts
(excluding live parts of an all insulated lampholder).
Class specification:
Child appealing type (refer to Item (f))—AS/NZS 60598.2.10
Type fitted with a built-in transformer or convertor—AS/NZS 60598.2.6
Other—AS/NZS 60598.2.4
B.2.31 Massage appliance
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type;
(b) is for massaging the human body;
(c) is portable; and
(d) is self contained.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60335.2.32
B.2.32 Microwave oven
An electrical appliance that—
(a) is a household type; and
(b) applies heat to food, liquid or other substances in a chamber by means of high-
frequency electromagnetic radiation.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 60335.2.25
B.2.33 Miniature overcurrent circuit breaker
An electrical device that—
(a) is an enclosed air-break switch;
(b) opens a low voltage circuit automatically under predetermined conditions of over-
current;
(c) has a nominal rating not exceeding 125 A; and has—
(i) a current breaking capacity up to 10 kA; and/or
(ii) a projected panel mounting area not exceeding 4000 mm2 per pole;
but does not include—
AS/NZS 4417.2:2012 18
(d) miniature overcurrent circuit breakers as defined but that are intended and marked as
being only for use in industrial application.
Class specification:
AS 3111, AS/NZS 60898.1 or AS/NZS 60898.2 (or AS/NZS 60947.2 for circuit breakers outside the scope of AS/NZS 60898.2)
B.2.34 Outlet device
An electrical device that—
(a) is a household type;
(b) as its primary function, extends supply from a socket-outlet;
(c) is portable;
(d) incorporates facilities for the insertion of a plug or plugs; and
(e) has a rating not exceeding 20 A;
but does not include—
(f) a cord extension set.
Class specification:
Integral pin type (including travel adaptor)—AS/NZS 3122
Other—AS/NZS 3105
B.2.35 Plug
An electrical device that—
(a) makes a detachable connection between the contacts of a socket-outlet and the
conductors of a flexible cord;
(b) has two, three or four pins for insertion into a socket-outlet; and
(c) has a rating not exceeding 20 A;
but does not include—
(d) a plug that is within the scope of AS/NZS 3123 and is intended for industrial use; or
(e) a plug that is within the scope of AS/NZS 3131.
Class specification:
AS/NZS 3112
B.2.36 Power supply or charger
An electrical device that—
(a) provides an output not exceeding 50V a.c. or 120V ripple free d.c; and
(b) is a type to provide supply to separate luminaires; or
(c) is a household type for either charging batteries or to provide supply to separate
equipment.
Class specification:
Safety isolating power supply for general use—AS/NZS 61558.2.16 for switch mode types and AS/NZS 61558.2.6 for others
标准化相关英语词汇
标准化相关英语词汇（1）标准化standardization, 基本术语basic terms,标准化主题subject of standardization 标准化领域field fo standardization,技术发展水平state of the art 公认的技术规则acknowledged rule of technology,标准化的水平level of standardization 国际标准化international standardization, 地区标准化regional standardization 国家标准化national standardization, 地方标准化provincial standardization 标准化的目的aims of standardization, 环境保护protection of environment 标准文件normative document,标准化机构standardizing body 地区标准化组织regional standardization organization 国际标准化组织international standardization organization 标准机构standards body,国家标准机构national standards body, 地区标准组织regional standards organization 国际标准组织international standards organization 权力机构authority,制定规章的机构regulatory authority,执行机构executive autority 标准的协调harmonization of standards 标准法standard law,标准件standard part,标准物reference material 标准学standard learning, 标准程序standard program 标准贯彻standard carrying out, 标准龄期valid period of standard 标准情报standard information, 标准情报工作information work of standards 标准体系standards system,标准体系表standards system table 标准体系表的构成structure of standards system,标准的级另1J levels of standards
试论谨慎性原则的利弊及其正确运用(一)
试论谨慎性原则的利弊及其正确运用(一) 摘要]我国的《企业会计制度》指出，谨慎性原则要求企业在进行会计核算时，应当遵循谨慎性原则的要求，不得多计资产或收益、少计负债或费用，但不得设置秘密设备。它属于会计核算的起修正作用的一般原则。谨慎性原则带有两面性，一方面它能避免虚增资产和浮夸利润从而保护投资者和债权人的利益；另一方面，在运用该原则时不可避免地带有主观随意色彩，使得谨慎性原则与其他会计原则经常发生冲突，甚至为粉饰财务报表留下了空间。本文从会计的定义和职能的角度来分析谨慎性原则的利弊，并对其正确运用提出了几点意见。关键词]谨慎性原则盈余管理利益相关者会计 在市场经济条件下，由于竞争和风险的日益加剧，会计所处的客观经济环境的不确定性程度越来越高，以投资者为主体的会计信息使用者更加重视与不确定性相关的风险信息的披露。因而，谨慎性原则的应用成为必然。新颁布的《企业会计制度》和具体会计准则对谨慎性原则的规定更加明确。《企业会计准则———基本准则》第十八条规定:“会计核算应当遵循谨慎性原则的要求,合理核算可能发生的损失和费用”。而新制度则更加明确地规定:“企业在进行会计核算时,应当遵循谨慎性原则的要求,不得多计资产或收益、少计负债或费用,但不得计提秘密准备”。然而，谨慎性原则自身的局限性使得其如何正确运用成为一个需要探讨的问题。 一、谨慎性原则的定义 谨慎性原则的思想萌生历史悠久。美国著名会计学家查特费尔德在其《会计思想史》中称谨慎性原则可追溯到公元前5世纪古希腊上千份芝诺纸草会计档案中。后来，在中世纪的庄园会计中，英国最大庄园的账目每年均要经庄园主和他的家族议会检查，而且常常是由选定的审计官员进行的。会计账目的记录使审计人员和管家之间产生一种微妙的对立，这种会计代理产生受托责任，并为谨慎性原则的产生奠定了基础，那时“谨慎性原则的学说来自面临审计的庄园管家进行自保的对策”。那时的谨慎性原则就是要高估损失，低估收入。进入19世纪，股份公司异军突起，受托责任盛行。英国接连发生了几起银行破产和公司舞弊事件，因此，随着社会环境的日益复杂化，会计处理中的不确定事项增多，会计风险加大，会计人员出于谨慎，在会计处理中往往低估资产和收益，高估负债和费用。“为了避免法律风险，防止从资本中分配红利，会计师们倾向于采用另一个极端的办法，即故意低估资产价值和利润，成本与市价孰低的原则更加受到尊重”，此时的谨慎性原则是为了抵制高估资产价值和低估负债。进入20世纪，谨慎性原则更加盛行，但对谨慎性原则的普遍关注是在30年代经济危机之后，反思中人们认为，在大危机之前虚夸利润的会计报告的泛滥，导致各方面对经济的“盲目”乐观，是引发大危机的一个重要原因。由此，谨慎性原则得以重用，其地位得到最终确立。 具体地说，谨慎性原则（Prudence）亦称审慎原则、稳健性原则、稳健主义、保守主义等，在会计环境中存在不确定因素和风险、会计要素的确认和计量的精确性受到影响的情况下，应运用谨慎的职业判断和稳妥的会计方法进行会计处理。充分预计可能的负债、损失和费用，尽量少计或不计可能的资产和收益，以免会计报表反映的会计信息引起报表使用者的盲目乐观。 谨慎性原则可以体现在确认、计量、报告等方面。它要求：会计确认标准稳妥合理；会计计量不得高估资产、权利和利润；会计报告提供尽可能全面的会计信息。 谨慎性原则是在保守主义基础上发展而来的，但不能将其完全等同于保守主义。因为保守主义的信条是：确认一切可能的损失，但避免预计任何可能的收益。算足可能的损失，无视可能的收益。其极端是一贯地、蓄意地、一概地多计费用和损失，少计资产和利润。甚至建立秘密准备，人为操纵利润。造成信息误导。 应用谨慎性原则的依据有二：1.会计环境中存在着大量不确定因素影响会计要素的精确确认和计量，必须按照一定的标准进行估计和判断；2.是因为在市场经济中，企业的经济活动有
GBT1.1 -2009 标准化工作导则 第1部分：标准的结构和编写(摘要)
GB/T 1.1-2009 标准化工作导则第1部分：标准的结构和编写（摘要） 6.1.1 封面 封面为必备要素，它应给出标示标准的信息，包括：标准的名称、英文译名、层次（国家标准为“中华人民共和国国家标准”字样）、标志、编号、国际标准分类号（ICS号）、中国标准文献分类号、备案号（不适用于国家标准）、发布日期、实施日期、发布部门等。 如果标准代替了某个或几个标准，封面应给出被代替标准的编号；如果标准与国际文件的一致性程度为等同、修改或非等效，还应按照GB/T 20000.2的规定在封面上给出一致性程度标识。 标准征求意见稿和送审稿的封面显著位置应按附录C中C.1的规定，给出征集标准是否设计专利的信息。 6.1.2 目次 目次为可选要素。为了显示标准的结构，方便查阅，设置目次是必要的。目次所列的各项内容和顺序如下： a) 前言； b) 引言； c) 章； d) 带有标题的条（需要时列出）； e) 附录；
f) 附录中的章（需要时列出）； g) 附录中的带有标题的条（需要时列出）； h) 参考文献； i) 索引； j) 图（需要时列出）； k) 表（需要时列出）； 目次不应列出“术语和定义”一章中的术语。电子文本的目次应自动生成。 6.1.3 前言 前言为必备要素，不应包含要求和推荐，也不应包含公示、图和表。前言应视情况依次给出下列内容： a)标准结构的说明。对于系列标准或分部分标准，在第一项标准或第1部分中说明标准的预计结构；在系列标准的每一项标准或分部分标准的每一部分中列出所有已经发布或计划发布的其他标准或其他部分的名称。 b)标准编制所依据的起草规则，提及GB/T 1.1。 c)标准代替的全部或部分其他文件的说明。给出被代替的标准（含修改单）或其他文件的编号和名称，列出与前一版本相比的主要技术变化。 d)与国际文件、国外文件关系的说明。以国外文件为基础形成的标准，可在前言中陈述或相应文件的关系。与国际文件的一致性程度为等同、修改或非等效的标准，应按照GB/T 20000.2的有关规定陈述与对应国际文件的关系。
【国内标准文件】常见颜色的RGB值
常见颜色的RGB值 2007年11月04日星期日 21:01 128/0/0 深红 255/0/0 红 255/0/255 粉红 255/153/204 玫瑰红 153/51/0 褐色 255/102/0 桔黄 255/153/0 浅桔黄 255/204/0 金色 255/204/153 棕黄 51/51/0 橄榄绿 128/128/0 深黄 153/204/0 酸橙色 255/255/0 黄色 255/255/153 浅黄 0/51/0 深绿 0/128/0 绿色 51/153/102 海绿 0/255/0 鲜绿 204/255/204 浅绿 0/51/102 深灰蓝 0/128/128 青色 51/204/204 宝石蓝 0/255/255 青绿 204/255/255 浅青绿 0/0/128 深蓝 0/0/255 蓝色 51/102/255 浅蓝 0/204/255 天蓝 153/204/255 浅蓝 51/51/153 靛蓝 102/102/153 蓝灰 128/0/128 紫色 153/51/102 梅红 204/153/255 淡紫 51/51/51 80%灰 128/128/128 50%灰 153/153/153 40%灰 192/192/192 25%灰 常见颜色的RGB值
(2008-05-10 14:51:24) 分类：经验交流标签：颜色rgb红色黄色紫色银色蓝色校 园 颜色 R G B 白色：FFFFFF 红色：FF0000 绿色：00FF00 蓝色：0000FF 洋红：FF00FF 墨绿：00FFFF 黄色：FFFF00 黑色：000000 爱丽丝兰：F0F8FF 碧绿：70DB93 巧克力色：5C3317 蓝紫色：9F5F9F 黄铜：B5A642 亮金：D9D919 褐色：A62AA2 青铜：8C7853 青铜2：A67D3D 藏青：5F9F9F 亮铜：D98719 铜色：B87333 珊瑚色：FF7F00 矢车菊兰：42426F 深褐色：5C4033 深绿色：2F4F2F 深铜绿色：4A766E 深橄榄绿：4F4F2F 紫色：9932CD 深紫色：871F78 深石板蓝：6B238E 深石板灰：2F4F4F 深黄褐色：97694F 深蓝玉色：7093DB 暗木色：855E42 暗灰：545454 暗玫瑰色：856363 长石色：D19275 砖红色：8E2323
标准化考试的利弊分析与改革建议
标准化考试的利弊分析及改革建议 标准化考试的利弊分析及改革建议 (作者骆秦俐)标准化考试是一种按系统的科学程序组织、具有统一的标准、并对误差作严格控制的考试。考试需要做到试题编制的标准化、考试实施的标准化、阅卷评分的标准化以及分数转换的标准化。 电脑的广泛应用，为标准化考试提供了技术保证。20世纪40年代初在美国就出现了这种新的考试形式。我国现在的升学考试试卷还没有完全标准化，而是采用主观性试题与客观性试题相结合的形式，虽然已把主观性试题和客观性试题分开、单独印刷了，但主观性试题所占的比例仍然比较大。所以我国现在的升学考试还不是真正意义下的标准化考试，还是处在过渡和实验阶段。 为什么要采用标准化试题 标准化考试追求的目标，是将数学方法、概率统计等方法用于考试研究，以建立科学的教育测量学，从根本上提高考试的质量。所以采用标准化试题是实现标准化考试的关键环节。 标准化试题的明显优点有: 1、试题覆盖面大。这样有利于全面考察考生对课程要求所掌握的情况。在某种程度上可以起到抑制押题的作用; 2、可以用电脑阅卷。这不仅可以大大提高阅卷速度，而且可以杜绝人为因素有意或无意造成的差错，确保评卷的公平和质量; 3、有利于试题库的建设。标准化考试试题编制的组织形式可以是开放型的、分散型的、经常性的。这样，对每道试题都可以经过测
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您
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