搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 高考英语试题分项版解析专题20完形填空之议论文和说明文类含解析

高考英语试题分项版解析专题20完形填空之议论文和说明文类含解析

高考英语试题分项版解析专题20完形填空之议论文和说明文类含解析
高考英语试题分项版解析专题20完形填空之议论文和说明文类含解析

专题20 完形填空之议论文和说明文类

2018年高考题

(无)

2017年高考题

(无)

2016年高考题

【2016·上海】Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.

Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers

and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.

51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike

52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme

53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise

54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above

55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging

56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply

57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression

58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male

59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing

60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating

61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared

62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally

63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure

64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene

65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness

【答案】51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. C

56. B 57. A 58. D 59. A 60. C

61. B 62. B 63. D 64. A 65. C

【解析】

52.A 考查上下文串联。短语to the contrary相反的;to the degree在某种程度上;to the extreme走向极端;在文章第一段中提到了X理论,大多数人都缺乏进取心和责任心,不愿对人和事负责,没有什么雄心壮志,不喜欢负责任,宁可被领导。而Y理论认为大多数人愿意对工作、对他人负责,人们愿意实行自我管理和自我控制来完成应当完成的目标。这是两种完全相反的理论,尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据,很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A正确。

53.B 考查上下文串联。本句中for example表示举例说明;这些管理人仍然同意X理论,例如他们认为如果要员工效率高,就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。故B正确。

54.D 考查上下文串联。根据后句“...makes for authoritarian managers....”可知这属于专制的管理方法,他们的决定是来自上而下的,没有任何商量的余地。故D项“above上面的”正确。

57.A 考查上下文串联。名词agreement同意;practice练习,做法;election选举;impression印象;亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法,这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的,西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故A正确。

58.D 考查上下文串联。根据前半句“....women will become more effective managers than men....”可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力,比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D正确。

59.A 考查上下文串联。根据前句“... encourage employees to use their own initiative...鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神”,也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理,自己做出决定即可。故A项正确。

60.C 考查上下文串联。根据前句“the trend towards downsizing缩小规模的趋势”,也就是要减少管理层的数量,可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故动词“reduce减少”符合上下文串联。

61.B 考查短语辨析辨析。动词be honored with被授予;be left with留下,剩下;be crowded with挤满;be compared with与..相比;通过这种方法,公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中央环节,提高了管理的效益。故B正确。

62.B 考查副词辨析。副词economically经济地;traditionally传统地;inadequately不充分地;occasionally偶尔地;根据后句“Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management...”可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法,与传统的管理模式不一样。故B正确。

63.D 考查动词辨析。动词deny否认;admit承认;assume假定,设想;ensure保证,确保;授权管理是一种新型的管理方法,省略了中央管理环节,保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。

64.A 考查上下文串联。形容词virtual虚拟的;ineffective低效的;day-to-day日常的;on-the-scene 现场的;根据后句“where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses”可知在这种新型的管理方法中,人们都是通过邮件和网络联系,说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故A正确。

【名师点睛】

本篇完形填空对于上下文串联及词汇的复现进行了集中考查,占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇,围绕一个话题论述,因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则,某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词,考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以,解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索,如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章,因此,在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。

如本文57题考查上下文串联。亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法,这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的,西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故A项名词“agreement同意、协议”正确。

考点:考查说明文阅读

2015年高考试题议论文类

【2015·广东】完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They

wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.

Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!

When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience phy sical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.

People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.

On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.

As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted.

1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered

2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely

3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately

4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately

5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier

6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing

7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure

8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value

9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases

10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet

11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases

12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices

13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement

14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission

15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay

【解析】

试题分析:这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的,但是随着社会的发展,生活水平的提高,人们的寿命比以前更长了,而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态,为社会做贡献。

2.D考查副词及语境的理解。句意:然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely 完全地;generally 一般地;apparently 显然地;extremely极其,非常。根据句意可知,如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运,人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。

3.C考查副词及语境的理解。句意:然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地;harmlessly 无害地;endlessly 无止境的;separately 分离地,分开地。根据文意可知,因为人体的细胞不会无止境的再生,因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。

4.A考查副词及语境的理解。句意:他们(细胞)慢慢消耗尽,结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终;hopelessly 没有希望地;automatically 自动地;desperately绝望地,自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。

5.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:尽管我们不能永久的活着,我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的;longer 更长的;richer 更富有的;happier更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知,现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。

8.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意:现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存;enjoy 喜欢,欣赏;remember 记得;value价值,估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知,现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是

人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来,故选A。

9.D考查名词及语境的理解。句意:在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前,很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题;fears 恐惧,害怕;worries 担心;diseases 疾病。根据句意可知,以前的人们因为很

多普遍的儿童疾病而死,所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。

10.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:既然年少夭折的可能性更低了,那么活得更长的机会就更高了,因

为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的;young 年轻的;sick 病的;quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意

思可知,以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了,dying young就是年少死去。故选B。

11.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意:人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变;recovery 恢复;safety 安全;increases 增长,增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知,我们现在的人口结构改变了,故选A。

12.B考查名词及语境的理解。句意:一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处,然而还有一些人看到的是机会,而不是灾难。dreams 梦想;chances 机会;strengths 力量;choices 选择。根据句意可知,这句话

中的while 表示对比,即跟前一种人不一样的看法,故选B。

13.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意:现在,很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士,身体都非常健康,仍然

积极,心态也很年轻。mind 心态;appearance 外表;voice 声音;movement移动。根据句意可知,这里

应该是说虽然年龄老了,但是心态依然年轻,故选A。

【考点定位】社会现象类短文。

【名师点睛】这篇短文是一篇议论文,讨论了人类寿命增加这个话题,主要考查学生名词、形容词、动词、

副词等实词在具体语言环境下的使用和词义辨析,同时考查学生的语篇理解的能力。学生要在理解短文大

意的基础上,对每个题目中设置的选项进行辨析,同时还需要注意上下文的暗示,选出最符合文意的一项。

2014年高考试题议论文类

【2014·广东卷】完形填空

Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1

feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.

The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they

are forced to 11 their actions.

Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand

that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 【小题1】 A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar

【小题2】A. interest B. argument C. link D.knowledge

【小题3】A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked

【小题4】A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research

【小题5】A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing

【小题6】A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes

【小题7】A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful

【小题8】 A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly

【小题9】A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature

【小题10】A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills

【小题11】A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider

【小题12】A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust

【小题13】A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk

【小题14】A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop

【小题15】A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising

【答案】

【小题1】D

【小题2】B

【小题3】C

【小题4】B

【小题5】C

【小题6】A

【小题7】D

【小题8】A

【小题9】A

【小题10】C

【小题11】D

【小题12】A

【小题13】D

【小题14】B

【小题15】C

【解析】

试题分析:本文是一篇议论文。讨论了家长和孩子如何相处的问题。一味的责备会使得亲情疏远。父母也应该倾听孩子的心里话。沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明的善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎。

【小题3】C。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。根据:扔在地板上的衣服,可知房间很凌乱。此处noisy 喧闹的;crowded拥挤的;messy杂乱的;locked上锁的。故选C。

【小题4】B。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。凌乱的房间,扔在地板上的衣服等这些都是家务方面的事。此处 homework作业;housework家务;problem难题;research 研究,调查。故选B。

【小题5】C。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。另一方面,青少年认为父母因为仅仅是把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上等一些小事而责怪他们而不耐烦。此处washing 洗;using 使用;dropping 落下;replacing 更换,替代。drop the towel 把毛巾掉在地上。故选C。

【小题6】A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法。此处approaches 方法,途径;contributions 贡献;introductions 介绍,入门;attitudes 态度;看法。下一句有approaches一词。故选A。

【小题7】D。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。然而,一些方法比其他人的更成功。此处 complex 复杂的;popular 受欢迎的;scientific 科学的;successful成功的。接下来列举了一些成功的父母的做法。故选D。

【小题8】A。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。例如,父母先因为孩子邋遢而大吼大叫,后来又为他们收拾房间。此处later后来;deliberately故意地; seldom很少;thoroughly彻底。这样的父母我们生活中不少见。故选A。

【小题9】A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。例如,那些因为孩子邋遢而大吼大叫但是后来又为他们房间打扫的的父母有更少的机会改变他们孩子的行为。此处behavior行为;taste味道;future未来;nature 自然。孩子不改变行为是因为父母责备了他们然后又帮他们收拾使孩子认为被批评了就可以不做了。自然行为得不到改变。故选A。

【小题10】C。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据后面可知,与此相反,那些让青少年体验他们的行为的结果的父母可以做得更好。此处failures失败;changes变化;consequences结果;thrills兴奋、震颤。故选C。

【小题11】D。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。例如,当青少年不购物帮助他们的父母购物时,他们在冰箱里就找不到他们最喜爱的饮料,这样他们就被迫重新考虑他们的行动。此处defend防御;delay耽搁;repeat 重复;reconsider重新考虑。根据语境和词的意义可知,选D。

【小题14】B。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。父母责备他们的孩子当他们的房间凌乱时,但他们也应该明白他们的房间是他们自己的私人空间。此处 hate讨厌;scold责备;frighten 吓唬;stop停止。代入四

个词分析,只有B符合语境。故选B。

【小题15】C。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。沟通是一个双向的过程。它只有通过倾听和理解对方,父母与子女之间的问题才可以得到解决。此处 loving爱;observing观察;understanding理解;praising表扬。代入四个词分析, C更符合语境。故选C。

2015说明文

1.【2015·重庆】B

Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28 , your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are 29 jet lag(时差反应).

Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31.

For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 32 your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay 33 . Walking around the cabin(客舱)can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, 34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start

a new 35of sleep and wakefulness.

28. A. flight B. change C. demand D. climate

29. A. suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to

30. A. danger B. problem C. waste D. fear

31. A. briefly B. slowly C. suddenly D. effectively

32. A. checking B. sending C. adjusting D. stopping

33. A. awake B. alone C. hungry D. calm

34. A. though B. so C. whole D. or

35. A. understanding B. cycle C. research D. trend

【解析】

试题分析:本文讲述在旅行中如何调整你的生物钟。

28.B 考查名词辨析。A flight航班; B change变化; C demand要求; D climate气候;句意:慢慢地对于变化做出反应,你的生物钟就要混淆。根据语境可知本文是关于对于时差的反应,故选B项。29.A 考查动词短语辨析 suffer from 遭受战争破坏的 work on 从事于;look into调查;lead to 导致;根据时区的变化可知很明显会导致时间反应,故选A项。

32.C 考查动词辨析。A checking 检查员 B sending送到 C adjusting 调整结构 D stopping停止播送句意:比如,在上飞机前,开始调整你的生物钟到你的目的的的时间。Adjust to 把。。调整到,,故选C 项。

33.A 考查形容词辨析。A awake B alone C hungry D calm句意:如果是白天到目的地,试着保持清醒。Stay awake保持清醒,故选A项。

34.D 考查连词辨析。A Though 虽然如此 B so 因此次 C while虽然如此 D or 否则;句意:在这种情况下,提前吃饭,否则,空腹会让阻止你睡。Or表示转折,故选D项。

35.B 考查名词辨析。A Understanding 明白的 B cycle圈; C research 研究;D trend趋势;句意:这些建议能帮你开始新生物钟。根据语境可知选B项。

【考点定位】日常生活类短文

【名师点睛】本篇完形从日常生活中的细节入手,根据常识能够得出答案如28,33空。29和31根据语境得出答案,做此类题目时,考生可以先根据选项来阅读文章,认真筛选甄别,这样有的放矢,大大提高阅读的效率,不可盲目地跟着感觉来进行解读,文中的每句话都有其出现的意义,上下文的联系是十分重要的。

2.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for anc ient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.

In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.

Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably

heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.

First Impression

To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.

As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.

The 60 Knows

Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones —natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.

Face Value

Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic. When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.

51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise

52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial

53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle

54. A. tested B. impressed C. changed D. created

55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions

56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions

57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall

58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature

59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question

60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand

61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior

62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted

63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals

64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess

65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritating

【解析】

试题分析:古代和现代的人追求不同,现代人追求的是爱,但是科学家依然对爱还不是很清楚。

52. C 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 romantic 意为浪漫的,stressful 意为压力的,

central 意为中心的,artificial 意为人工的。根据上一句话“life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting”及本句的“In modern times, finding love is ”,分析语境,知道这两个句子是把古代和现代的情况进行对比。前一句用了center ,后一句用central, 两者的关系是同根重现。

53. B 考查名词以及对语境的理解 priority 意为优先权,proof 意为证明,possibility 意为可能性,principle 意为原则。后两句的意思是:很容易准备一系列的有关爱的现代故事。在当前的流行文化中,无数的故事和电影归类为爱情故事。根据这两句,的意思,结合上下文语境可知道本句的意思就是有很多证明的例子,所以答案为proof.

54. D 考查动词以及对语境的理解 tested 意为测试,imposed意为强加,changed 意为改变,created 意为创造。根据本段的最后一句话“One thing is certain: The truth about love i s not yet set in stone. 确定了一件事情是:爱的真理还不确定”可以知道科学家研究的是爱是否能够创造,而不应该是测试,改变或者是强加。其中set in stone 就像中文里说的“板上钉钉”,表示绝对不变。

57. A 考查动词以及对语境的理解 predict 意为预测,investigate 意为调查,diagnose 意为诊断, recall 意为回忆。根据58题后面的judgment (判断),可以知道此处的答案应该是和判断同义的词。又根据该句后面的句子“after n ine weeks, they reported what happened. 9周之后,报道发生了什么事情?”可以知道这一些是还没有发生的事情,也就是预测到的东西。

58. B 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 critical 意为批评的,initial 意为原始的,

random 意为随意的,mature 意为成熟的。根据第57题预测的东西,那么预测的东西相对而言就是原始的,最初的判断。

59. B 考查动词以及对语境的理解 memorize 意为记忆,distinguish 意为区别,negotiate 意为谈判, question意为疑问。根据前一句话的意思“结果证明他们最初的判断是正确的”,该句要表达的意思和前一句相同,也就是说“学生似乎能够在早期区别适合他们的生活人”。

60. A 考查名词以及对语境的理解Nose 意为鼻子,Eye 意为眼睛,Heart 意为心脏,Hand意为手。空格处的词是小标题,是对本段的高度概括。它往往在句首或句末找答案。在本段的最后两句话都提到了一个词smell(嗅觉),四个选项中和嗅觉有关的词只有A。

61. A 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 open 意为开放的,alert 意为警觉的,resistant 意为抵抗的,superior 意为优越的。根据前面的搭配either… or…要么……,要么,表明此处是一个反义表达。前面使用的是战争,那么后面应该是一种开放,也就是坦诚以对。

62. D 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 disappointed 意为失望的,amazed 意为惊奇的,

confused 意为困惑的,gifted 意为有天赋的。根据In contrast(相反)以及后文“Although we may not be aware of chemicals 尽管我们没有意识到”,结合上下文语境知道在这里表达人类没有像动物那么有天赋。

63. B 考查名词以及对语境的理解 emotion意为情感,attractiveness 意为吸引力,

individuality 意为个人的,signals意为信号。根据上一句话最后一个单词attractive,结合上下文知道此处的答案和这个单词attractive是同根重现,所以答案是attractiveness.

65. C 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 familiar 意为熟悉,plain 意为普通的,positive 意为积极的, irritating 意为无礼的。根据最后一句的表达“Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 看一些吸引力的事情似乎能够导致快乐的思考。”不能得出答案的表达应该是一种快乐思考,所以答案为positive积极的。

【考点定位】这是一篇说明文,阐述什么是爱?

【名师点睛】这是一篇说明文,没有生词,主要是考查上下文理解和单词理解。需要正确理解4个单词的选项,尤其要注意一些一词多义的地方,如test, open, question。也要注意题目与题目直接的关系,如58题和59题;要关注小标题以及段落的开头和结尾。结合上下文,留意那些涉及到重现的题目。

2014高考题说明文

【2014·重庆卷】 B

Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and 28_______ them. Here are some 29_______ on how to fit in.

Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30_______ at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of 31_______. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner.”

Wearing proper cloths is important too, 32_______ locals will judge by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is 33_______, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.

Also be cautious about expressing 34_______. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is 35_______ to kiss in public.

【小题1】. A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove

【小题2】. A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices

【小题3】. A. unsafe B. excited C. satisfied D. awkward

【小题4】. A. relief B. belonging C. humor D. direction

【小题5】. A. but B. for C. so D. or

【小题6】. A. forbidden B. allowed C. expected D. tolerated

【小题7】. A. emotions B. concern C. interest D. views

【小题8】. A. natural B. advisable C. unwise D. unnecessary 【答案】

【小题1】C

【小题2】B

【小题3】D

【小题4】C

【小题5】B

【小题6】A

【小题7】A

【小题8】C

【解析】

试题分析:本文就如何适应文化差异提出一些建议。只有尊重差异才能适应差异。具体涉及情感表达、依着打扮及如何摆脱尴尬,等。

【小题3】. 考查形容词词义及语境运用。每一个出国人员都会有尴尬的时候,因为他们的举止可能引发当地人的嘲笑。A. unsafe不安全的;B. excited激动的、兴奋的;C. satisfied满足的、满意的;D. awkward 尴尬的。D项正确。

【小题4】.考查名词词义及语境运用。从下文“一笑了之”可知,自我防卫的最佳手段是幽默感。 A. relief 轻松、放松;B. belonging归属;C. humor幽默;D. direction方向。C项正确。

【小题5】. 考查连词的语境运用。衣着也很重要,因为当地人会根据衣着来判断一个人。A. but表“转折”; B. for表“理由”;C. so表“结果”;D. or表“选择”。故B项正确。

【小题6】. 考查动词词义及语境运用。根据宗教习惯,在中东国家衣着暴露是严格禁止的。A. forbidden 禁止;B. allowed允许;C. expected期待;D. tolerated容忍。A项正确。

【小题7】. 考查名词词义及语境运用。在东南亚国家。生气会让自己显得愚蠢,所以表达情感时要谨慎。

A. emotions情感;

B. concern担忧;

C. interest兴趣;

D. views观点。故A项正确。

考点:完形填空。

最新高考完形填空专题练习附答案解析

最新高考完形填空专题练习附答案解析 高考完形填空专题练习原文 Night after night, my mother came to my bed, even long after my childhood years. She would 21 down and push my long hair out of the way, and then kiss my forehead. I don’t remember when it first started 22 me-her hands pushing my hair that way, for they felt work-worn and rough 23 my young skin. Finally , one night, I shouted out at her, "Don’t do that any more-your hands are too rough!" she made no 24 and left quietly. But never again did my mother do it with that familiar expression of her 25 . With the passing years, my 26 returned to that night time after time. By then I 27 my mother’s hands and her goodnight kiss. Sometimes the incident seemed very 28 , sometimes far away, but always it was 29 in the back of my mind.

2021年新人教版中考说明文、议论文语段阅读题及答案

中考说明文、议论文语段阅读 说说低碳生活 ①近日,首届世界低碳与生态经济大会暨技术博览会在江西南昌落下帷幕,大会向世界发出了值得关注的“中国碳信号”。其实,在此之前,低碳生活已经悄然走到我们身边,如今,正以“迅雷不及掩耳之势”成为一种时尚的生活态度。 ②所谓“低碳”,指的是较低(更低)的温室气体(二氧化碳为主)排放。“低碳生活”指的是生活作息时所耗用的能量要尽力减少,从而降低二氧化碳的排放量,是一种低能量、低消耗、低开支的生活方式。 ③那么,如何“低碳”地享受生活呢? ④要过上“低碳生活”首先要摆脱自己的“电动依赖症”。因为电动电器会在生产和使用的过程中,消耗大量高含碳原材料以及石油,交相增加了二氧化碳的排放量。此外,室内设计应以自然通风、采光为原则,减少使用风扇、空调及电灯的几率。 ⑤其次,在交通方面要尽量节省能耗。如果出行到8公里以外的地方,乘坐轨道交通工具可以比乘汽车减少1700克的二氧化碳排放量。开车出门的朋友,在购物时,要优先考虑使用轨道交通工具。如果迫不得已开车前往,一定要在购物前列好清单,尽可能一次购足。 ⑥对于一些不想挤公交、地铁的开车族来说,要牢记以下几点:避免冷车启动、减少怠速时间、尽量避免突然加速、选择合适挡位、避免低挡跑高速、用粘度最低的润滑油、定期换机油、高速驾驶时不要开窗、轮胎气压要适当。另外,在购车时,要尽量选择低价格、低油耗、低污染、安全系数不断提高的小排量车。 ⑦再次,要低耗办公。要尽量多用电子邮件、MSN、QQ等通讯工具,减少打印机和传真机的使用。在午休和下班后要关闭电脑,离开办公桌时,要把电脑调至“睡眠”状态。笔记本电脑在不使用时要把电池完全放电,尽量不使用外接设备,关闭暂不使用的设备和接口。 ⑧办公室内要多种植一些净化空气的植物,如吊兰、非洲菊等。它们可吸收办公室内的甲醛,也能分解复印机、打印机排出的苯,并能够咽下尼古丁。办公中的废纸可以集中重复利用或回收循环再用。 ⑨最后,“低碳”还跟饮食息息相关。我们每吃一公斤牛肉所排放的二氧化破量约36千克,这其中包括屠宰、加工、运输等过程中众多的能源。相比之下,吃蔬果消耗的能源则要少得多。而我们日常所喝的碳酸饮料和果汁,从工厂处理、灌装、运输到销售,已经耗费了很多不必要的能源,造成了很多不必要的温室气体排放。有些容器甚至是不可降解的,所以很容易造成污染。 ⑩今年“世界地球日”的宣传主题特别把“倡导低碳生活”作为重要内容。让我们自觉行动起来,珍惜地球资源,保护我们的生存家园吧! 1、第①段从“首届世界低碳与生态经济大会暨技术博览会”说起,有什么作用?(2分) 2、文章是从哪几个方面介绍低碳生活的?(2分) 3、第⑥段为什么要提到划线句,有什么目的?(2分)

完形填空高考真题解析

完形填空高考真题解析 一、高中英语完形填空 1.阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D四个选项中,选 出最佳选项。 I started volunteering at a soup kitchen several years ago. The original reason I was going was to 1 community service hours for school. My plan was to 2 go there a few times and get my service hours, but it taught me a lot. The typical volunteer there served 3 to people. Basically, I was 4 serving bread and juice to whoever wanted it, which was a simple task. Some of the people were homeless, and some of them were 5 families. All of them were people in need of a hot meal and a place to 6 for an hour or several minutes. 7 some of them looked like they weren't behaving well, we always took care of them. The first time I went there was right before Christmas. For the people coming to the soup kitchen, it was not exactly a 8 time. It made me think about my happy Christmas and made me feel how 9 I was. Unlike them, I have a home and I don't 10 cold or hunger. At that point, I decided that I 11 wanted to go back there. I couldn't offer them much, but I could always offer my time and 12 . The experience also gives me a feeling of 13 . Whenever I go there, people are 14 that I showed up again. They know my name and they know that I am more than happy to 15 them. It truly feels good to know that you can 16 someone's day. I've realized that the feeling of doing good for people can be a better 17 than any amount of money. You can't buy that feeling. I have never 18 a single second of my volunteering. It 19 me that dozens of cities have made it illegal to set up a soup kitchen. But I will continue my volunteer work and find more ways to show my 20 to people in need. 1. A. reduce B. avoid C. complete D. cancel 2. A. yet B. just C. even D. still 3. A. food B. work C. time D. money 4. A. tired of B. worried about C. responsible for D. free from 5. A. busy B. serious C. experienced D. struggling 6. A. hide B. rest C. live D. study 7. A. Although B. If C. Because D. Until 8. A. available B. strange C. pleasant D. painful 9. A. wise B. honest C. curious D. fortunate 10. A. turn down B. suffer from C. pass down D. learn from 11. A. definitely B. gradually C. equally D. hardly 12. A. reason B. effort C. chance D. patience 13. A. stability B. guilt C. loss D. appreciation 14. A. grateful B. confident C. proud D. shocked 15. A. change B. leave C. forget D. help

(完整)高考英语写作图表说明文模板范文

高考英语指导写作专题:图表说明文 一,图表说明 1,分类:数字表、函数关系图、曲线图(graph);表格(table);几何图形(figure);图形表、饼状图(pie chart);条状图、柱状图(bar chart); 平面图、示意图、外形图(diagram)。 2,一般可分三个层次来写: 按照题目要求描述图表反映的总情况,即概括大意。 对数字进行仔细的比较,抓住特点进行分析、归纳并找出产生变化的原因。 读图表后的想法、结论、评论或针对反映出的问题采取的解决措施。 二.表达方式: 1,常用的描述句型The table/chart/diagram/graph shows that ... According to the table/chart/diagram/graph... As is shown in the table/chart/diagram/graph... As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures... We can see from the figures/statistics... It is clear/ apparent from the figures/statistics... 2.图表中数据(data)的具体表达法 数据(data)在某一个时间段固定不变:fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变:changes over time 增加:increase/raise/rise/... 减少:decrease/grow down/drop/fall/decline 稳定:remain stable 3.描写变化的形容词及副词 rapid/rapidly,dramatic/dramatically,significant/significantly,sharp/sharply steep/steeply,steady/steadily,gradual/gradually,slow/slowly,slight/slightly 三、写作模板 As (is) shown/indicated by the figure/in the table/graph/pie chart/chart,_____ has been increased/decreased significantly/steadily from _____ to_____. From the sharp decline/rise in the chart,it goes without saying that_____. There are at least two reasons accounting for / contributing to ____. On the one hand, _____ On the other hand, _____. _____is due to the fact that_____. In addition, _____is responsible for_____. Maybe there are other reasons to show. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing/persuasive. As far as I am concerned,I hold the view that_____. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. 四,作文范例 1,最近你校对中学生的消费情况进行了调查。请根据调查表提供的信息写一篇英语短文,简要介绍调查结果并谈谈你对中学生消费的看法。

2016年高考完形填空题大汇总

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语科试题完形填空题一览 1、北京卷 第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答 题卡上讲该项涂黑。 A Race Aga inst Death It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. On the 20th of that mon th, Dr.Welch 36 a Sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的[disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in An chorage. How could the medici ne get to Nome? The tow n's 39 was already full of ice, so it could n't come by ship. Cars and horses could n't travel on the 40 roads. Jet airpla nes and big trucks did n't exist yet. 41 Ja nuary 26, Billy and three other childre n had died. Twemty more were 42 . Nome's tow n officials came up with a(n) 43 . They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogeled(狗拉雪橇[drivers —known as “ mushers "w—uld 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力). The race bega n on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medici ne from the train at Nenana and rode all ni ght. 46 he han ded the medici ne to the next musher, Shannon's face was black from the extreme cold. On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound」t was the most 48 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning.lf that happe ned,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would 49 ,and so would the sick childre n of Nome.But Seppala made it across. A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.Amusher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point,huge piles of sonw blocked his 50 .He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.C on diti ons were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail aga in. The only hope was Balto,Kaasen ' s lead dog, Balto put his nose to the ground5 2 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.lf Balto failed,it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly, Balto bega n to 53 .He had foung the trail At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog 54 in Nome. Within minutes,Dr.Welch had the medicine.He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recoverd. Nome had bee n 55 . 425 36. A.exam ined 37. A.harmless 38. A. Moreover 39. A.airport B.warned B.helpless B.Therefore B.statio n B. snowy C.i nterviewed C. fearless C.Otherwise C. harbor C.busy D.cured D.careless D.However D.border D.dirty

记叙文说明文议论文答题格式

记叙文说明文议论文答 题格式 文件管理序列号:[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

记叙文 (总述) (1)记叙文——回答清楚(什么时间、什么地点)什么人做什么事公式:(时间+地点)+人+事 (2)说明文——回答清楚说明对象是什么,它的特点是什么 公式:说明(介绍)+说明对象+说明内容(特点) (3)议论文——回答清楚议论的问题是什么,作者的观点是什么公式:用什么论证方法证明了(论证了)+论点 注: ①写人为主——公式:记叙了……赞扬了……表达了…… ②记事为主——公式:记叙了……(批评了)歌颂了……表现了…… ③写景状物——公式:采用了……手法,借助……描写,赞扬了……抒发了…… ④游记——公式:描写了……表达了……的感情 ⑤议论——公式:文章论述了……阐明了…… (1)文首——公式:开篇点题、渲染气氛(散文)、埋下伏笔(记叙类散文)设置悬念(小说)、为下文做铺垫、总领下文。 (2)文中——公式:承上启下、总领下文、总结上文。 (3)文末——公式:点明中心(散文)、深化主题(记叙)、照应开头(议论,记叙,小说) ①比喻——公式:……采用了比喻的修辞手法,形象生动地描写了……,表现了作者对……的感情。

②拟人——公式:……采用了拟人的修辞手法,将……赋予人的情感与性格来写,十分形象,生动(或栩栩如生,逼真),表现了作者对……的感情。 ③夸张——公式:……采用了夸张的修辞手法,描写了……,表达了作者……的情感,联想奇特,富于形象感。 ④反问——公式:……采用了反问的修辞手法,用反问的句式把作者……的感情表达出来,语气更强烈,表达的思想也更突出(或强烈)。 ⑤排比——公式:……采用了排比的修辞手法,描写了……的情景,集中地表达了作者……的感情,节奏明快,增强了语言的气势。 ⑥对偶——公式:……采用了对偶的修辞手法,描写了……,抒发了作者对……的感情,节奏明快,富于美感。 (1)找出文段开头、中间或末尾的环境描写语句。 (2)明确环境描写主要有以下作用: ①交代故事发生的时间、地点、空间、场景; ②渲染环境气氛; ③烘托人物心情; ④烘托人物形象; ⑤推动故事情节的发展。 (3)公式:①……的景物描写,写出了……的景色(或环境),烘托了人物……的性格和品质。 ②……的景物描写,结合人物心理活动,表现人物……的性格和精神。 ③……的景物描写,反映了……的情景,为全文奠定了……的感情基调。注:

【英语】完形填空高考真题解析

【英语】完形填空高考真题解析 一、高中英语完形填空 1.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。 Have you ever seen a miracle happen? Two winters ago, I did. It was 1 that day. The road was covered with snow. I asked my mom if we could go to our neighbor's hill and take my dog, Buddy. She said, "Sure. 2 don't go any farther than that." After a while, we walked over to another hill by a pond (池塘) not far away. Then suddenly I saw Buddy walk out onto the ice. I was 3 when he walked to the middle of the pond. The 4 was thin there. We 5 Buddy, but he didn't listen. Then 6 the ice broke, and my dog 7 into the water. I asked my friend if I should go in and get him out. She said, "NO!" 8 , I ran to my house to tell my mom. It was 9 for me to run on the snowy ground. I was tired, but I had to 10 Buddy. When my mom heard what 11 , she said, "Get in the car." When we got there, she told me to run home 12 and get her phone. But back at the pond, my mom 13 to get Buddy out of the water and fell in. 14 , my friend saw it happen. She ran to a neighbor's house for help. Soon they got my mom out of the water, but Buddy was still 15 for his life. The fire department (部门) put a ladder (梯子) out onto the ice to get him, but it didn't 16 . I was back again by then, and someone said I should 17 inside the neighbor's house. It didn't look 18 for Buddy. I went inside and 19 and hoped for a miracle. Then, my uncle walked into the house with Buddy in his arms! I was so 20 , I hugged Buddy and thanked the firefighters (消防员). 1. A. dry B. rainy C. warm D. cold 2. A. Unless B. Or C. So D. But 3. A. dissatisfied B. moved C. frightened D. excited 4. A. light B. air C. voice D. ice 5. A. looked for B. laughed at C. shouted at D. woke up 6. A. suddenly B. slowly C. naturally D. possibly 7. A. jumped B. fell C. ran D. walked 8. A. Still B. Besides C. However D. Instead 9. A. difficult B. fun C. wrong D. important 10. A. find B. watch C. help D. train 11. A. followed B. happened C. came D. appeared 12. A. again B. once C. too D. together 13. A. stopped B. agreed C. tried D. decided 14. A. Luckily B. Firstly C. Strangely D. Sadly 15. A. swimming B. dreaming C. hunting D. fishing

2020年高考英语说明文写作

2020年高考英语说明文写作 1.阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。 In 1878, when Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”, she was stating that there was no consistent(never changing)view on beauty. Standards of beauty change across time and cultural groups. Traditions and fashions, like society itself, change and adapt with time. So it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well. In 19th-century Europe, women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no longer considered healthy. Men would wear woolen shawls across their shoulders. It is hard to imagine that they would be seen as attractive in the 21st century. Nowadays, in the western world, one in every ten people has a tattoos or a form of body art. In the past, some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes, to show family associations or to mark criminals so that they could easily be recognized. In contemporary society, culture remains a major part in determining our ideas of beauty. In some countries, young women follow slimming diets to lose extra kilos in preparation for their wedding day. In other cultures, looking thin for a husband-to-be is not what a woman desires at all—rather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive. With the influence of history, society and culture, there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful. Life long commitment and, indeed, the survival of society itself rely on people seeing beauty in difference and depth. The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria. Physical beauty must also be accompanied by an attraction to something deeper within a person. This particular kind of attraction is found in a wide range of personal qualities, e.g. kindness, warmth, a healthy conscience, etc. judging the appeal of a person's inner beauty is much more subjective. It takes more than a casual glance to appreciate and it is much more important than physical beauty. Beauty, therefore, has more than one dimension. We are influenced by our culture, our biology and our time in history to notice physical beauty quickly and easily, but it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see. Beauty is certainly in the eye of the beholder. 2.阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。 Fisherman Salvador was just trying to make a living on the sea with fellow fisherman Cordoba. Two days into the journey, disaster struck, and the two men would begin the greatest challenge of their lives. The boat was loaded with tons of provisions, including 70 gallons of gasoline, 16 gallons of water, 50 Ibs of sar - dines for bait(鱼饵). They also had a mobile phone, kept safe in a plastic bag, a GPS, and a two-way radio. The two had never spoken before or worked together, but they liked fishing and both of them seemed to know what they were doing. Two days later, the weather was getting worse and worse. Salvador was trying to remain calm, but Cordoba was not prepared. He held on to the rail(围栏) for dear life as the waves crashed around them, vomiting(呕吐)and crying. When the storm finally passed, Salvador noticed that they had drifted far away from land. To make matters worse, the motor had stopped working. Salvador called his boss on the radio, but there was no response. Even worse was the fact that the GPS they has brought with them had stopped working.

说明文议论文阅读

说明文阅读 【说明文的定义和分类】 1、说明文是客观地说明事物的一种文体,或说明事物的形态、性质、功能和特征,或阐明 事理,目的都在于给人以知识。 2、从说明对象的角度分为事物性说明文和事理性说明文;从说明文语言特征分为平实的说 明文和生动的说明文。 【说明文知识点梳理】 1、说明对象:一是具体事物,包括事物的状态、性质、功能及特征等;二是抽象事理,包括 事物的本质、事物内部或事物之间的内在联系。 方法:判断说明对象时一看标题二看首尾段。事物说明文一般标题就是说明对象。事理说明文找准开头结尾的总结句。事物说明文指出被说明事物即可,事理说明文指出说明内容,形成一个短语:介绍了……的……(对象加内容) 2、说明语言: (1)对整篇文章语文的品析,一般从两个角度谈:A、准确;B、形象生动或简明平实。 A是一般说明文的共同特点。B是针对不同语文风格的角度谈。做这种评析整篇文章语言特点的题目,一定要结合文章具体内容谈,比如可以选择一句话为例子。 规范性的答题格式如下:这篇文章充分体现了语文准确/生动形象/简明平实的特点,如“……”一句,就准确/生动形象/简明平实地说明了事物“……”的特征/事理,像这样的例子文章中还有很多。 (2)对词语、句子的考查主要涉及以下三类 A、准确严密。主要是对修饰、限制词语的体会。如“大约”“几乎”“之一”等,体现了说明文语言的准确性。答题时可从以下几方面考虑:词语的意思;词语在句中的作用;删除后对句意的影响;体现了语言的准确严密。 B、生动形象。主要是通过运用修辞表现出来。分析时可运用以下句式:运用……的修辞方法,生动形象地说明了…… C、准确把握说明文中的关键词句,分析它们在文中的作用。关键词句主要包括中心句、过渡句、指示代词(这、那)等。 『具体题型』 类型一:加点字词有何作用?

高考英语完形填空专项精练15例(含解析)

高考英语完形填空专项精练15例(含解析) (一) With time flying, people become aged. Then many people even in their middle age often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember __1__ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old friend's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain __2__,we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments. ” __3__ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) __4__ effect on our social and __5__ well-being. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It __6__ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental __7__ can significantly improve our basic cognitive(认知) __8__. Thinking is basically a __9__ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to __10__ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited(继承). __11__,because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and wave __12__ mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken a step __13__ and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help peop le improve and __14__ their mental sharpness. The Web-based program __15__ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps a(n) __16__ of your progress and provides detailed feedback(反馈) __17__ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it __18__ changes and improves the games you play to __19__ up the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) __20__ exercise routine which requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1. A. where B. when C. that D. why 2. A. improves B. fades C. recovers D. falls 3. A. If B. Unless C. Once D. While 4. A. irregular B. limited C. damaging D. positive 5. A. personal B. psychological C. mental D. physical

高考英语 完形填空 专题训练

高考英语完形填空专题训练 阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 一 For millions of people, the mere thought of climbing a ladder or looking over a cliff is enough to set the heart racing. But now scientists have come to the 1 with a pill to treat the fear of 2 . The medicine — which contains the stress hormone cortisol (压力荷尔蒙皮质醇) — 3 with traditional treatment to help people 4 what makes them frightened. Fear of high places, or acrophobia, is one of the most common phobias (恐惧症). 5 , it is treated by exposing people to heights. 6 , the old way is rarely fully successful. The7 method combines this “exposure treatment”with an amount of cortisol, the hormone released by the body in times of 8 . The international team of scientists tested the 9 of a cortisol pill on 40 people 10 acrophobia. The participants were either given cortisol or a placebo 11 they were exposed to heights. Placebos look like 12 , but they have no medical effect and are safe for humans. At the end of the 13 , the participants were asked to describe how 14 they were using a questionnaire. Those taking cortisol were 15 less frightened. The effects were also 16 , with the participants still feeling less frightened a month after taking the pill. The scientists 17 that cortisol works by making people forget what they 18 . It is thought to cut blood flow to areas of the brain that bring back memories, leaving people unable to recall (忆起) their phobia of heights. It also 19 the creation of new memories —allowing patients to 20 their new-found bravery. The drug’s effects have been reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1. A. rescue B. scene C. ground D. agreement 2. A. heights B. competition C. stages D. weight

相关主题