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雅思听力同义替换套路大盘点

雅思听力同义替换套路大盘点
雅思听力同义替换套路大盘点

雅思听力同义替换套路大盘点(一)雅思听力长期以来都是中国考生的优势单项,但近两年随着听力难度系数不断增加,要在听力单项上取得高分,已经变得越来越难。众所周知,雅思听力考试,无论是在难度系数较低的section1还是在难度系数高的section4,其核心考点都是同义替换。但真正对这个“同义替换”有全面综合理解的考生却不多,因为这里的同义替换与我们通常认为的同近义词转换有较大差别,准确的说:这里的同义替换花样更多,若是对雅思考试了解不深或是只知道大量刷题却从来不去做错题总结及反思的考生,是很难将雅思听力的套路摸清的。清楚的知晓听力当中的改写途径不仅能让考生在备考雅思听力的过程中事半功倍,而且掌握其中同义替换的方式对于备考口语和写作,甚至阅读都有极大的益处。广大考生非常清楚:输出单项中的口语和写作呦几大评分标准,其中之一就是vocabulary variety,即同义替换。所以准确全面的获悉雅思听力中同义替换方法对于考生们而言是百益而无一害的。朗阁海外考试研究中心根据对剑桥真题4至12的全面分析以及对雅思听力机经的总结,并结合了剑桥雅思真题4-12中的实例进行解释,将雅思听力同义替换方式总结如下,望能帮助各位考生更顺利地备考雅思。

雅思听力同义替换方式花样繁多,总结后可分成两大类:

一.句子的改写

句子同义替换方式较少,主要有两种。

1.主动语态---被动语态

此种句子的同义替换根据字面意思就可知晓其中的含义,即将主动语态换成被动语态,反之亦然。这种方式理解起来非常简单明了,但在实际的做题过程当中却是很难快速听辨的,其中最重要的原因是主语和宾语之间位置的调换,使得答案前置,很多考生没有办法

根据预判定位,通常是答案出来之后才听到了定位词,然而为时已晚,很容易错失答案。如:Cambridge4test1section2

12.The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by who lived in the area.

本道题在section2中,按说应该不会很难,但其实难度系数较高。在审题的过程中,有经验的考生马上能够意识到这个句子填空题的句子是个被动语,在音频中很有可能会变成主动语态。定位词是metal industry,题中缺少的是动作的施动者,在被动语态中,施动者被置于句尾;而在音频中句子改成了主动语态:At that time,local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here on the band in the river.在主动语态中,动作的施动者置于句首,宾语iron forge(替代metal industry)在主语之后,这就意味着考生是先听到答案词local craftsmen,再听到定位词iron forge,属典型的答案前置状况。相对于题目和录音语序一致的情况,主被动颠倒语序对于考生而言显然要难得多。但是,如果考生知晓听力中句子改写有主动变被动,被动变主动这种常用伎俩,则在审题时就能做好充分的预判,要得出正确答案就容易很多了。

另外,这道题目的研究价值远不止主被动语态的转换,还有两点需要考生注意。第一,词组的同义替换:iron forge=metal industry;第二,答案词craftsmen的读音及其复数形式,man和men的读音非常接近,若是不谨记填空题名词要注意单复数,那么好容易听出了主被动转换,却失分在了复数形式上就亏大了。

2.一般句-----强调句

说到强调句,99%的中国考生会先想到强调句型:it is that….然而在真正的雅思听力真题当中却很少以强调句型表达强调含义,因为强调句型是在日常口语表达中非常不自然的句式,母语人士在日常口语中并不经常使用,取而代之的是通过单词和句式的变换来达

到目的。

如:Cambridge8test1section4

Key point:geography helps us to understand our surroundings and the associated 35.

强调的内容即为重要的内容,重要的内容就是考点,这点逻辑考生应该可以理解。在本题中,问题本身是一个极为普通的主谓宾结构的简单句,定位词是geography和surroundings,答案词性是名词。录音中呈现此段内容把句式改变了:studying this subject is important,because without geographical knowledge,we would know very little about our surroundings and we won’t be able to identify all the problems that related to them.这个句式把原本的主谓宾简单句变成了一个由because引导的原因状语从句,且从句部分是两个并列的分句,拉长了句子,从而加大了学生对此句的理解难度。但是只要考生对这种句型转换多加积累和总结,要攻克这个难点也并非难事。

雅思听力同义替换套路大盘点(二)

二、词的改写

词的改写方式则要远远多于句子,总结分类后,大致可归为七种。

1.转换词性

顾名思义,只将单词的词性更换,保留原来的词根和词义,这种听力当中使用最为普遍的方式之一。词性是英语学习启蒙时期老师就会教授获传达的英语概念,考生对词性都拥有基本的概念,并且在记单词的过程中也会注意单词的词性,所以这一类的同义替换对考生而言,难度并不是很大。但笔者还想要啰嗦一句的是对于词性而言,考生要有更加全面地掌握,要学会使用词根词缀来记忆单词,常见表示的表示单词词性的后缀要记忆,如:-ion,

-ment,-ness是名词后缀;-ate,-fy是动词后缀等。

如:Cambridge8test1section4

Studying geography helps us to understand:

.the effects of different processes on the1.of the Earth.

读题时,快速判断定位词为effect和process,答案词为名词。这是一道section4当中的题目,考生应该要有意识,音频中必然会进行大量的同义替换,尤其是当中的普通名词,形容词和副词等词性的词。果然音频中替换了effects的词性:We learn a great deal about all the process that have affected and continue to affect the Earth surface.将名词换成了动词,答案是surface。词性之间的转换相较于其他的同义替换方式会简单一些,因为词根没有改变,所以单词的发音有很大一部分是相同或至少是相近的;此外这种方式还非常实用,此处笔者指的有用是在口语和写作两个输出项中。考生们都很清楚,口语和写作的评分标准中都明确要求考生在表达观点时要使用丰富多样的方式陈述相同或相近的含义,切不可多次使用重复的表达。这并不意味着考生只有通过扩大词汇量才能满足官方评分标准中的这个要求,改变词性就是一种不用额外记单词同时又能使表达不重复的方式。故而笔者建议广大考生一定要灵活全面地掌握这种改写方式。

2.同近义词替换

这一种方式应该是我们考生最熟悉的同义替换方式,同时也是考生们在输出单项口语和写作当中运用较多的方式。这种改写方式通常具有词性一致,词数一致的特点,即单词和单词之间替换,如:rent=hire;词组与词组之间转换,如:a variety of=a range of。

如:Cambridge7test1section1

Options:

.Car hire

-don’t want to drive

.1.

Expensive

这是整套试题的第一个问题,难度系数应该所有40个问题中最低之一,但是仍不可掉以轻心,因为即使是在第一题,考官仍然设置了同义替换的考点。并且根据对在今年二月中旬出版的最新的剑桥雅思真题12的分析,几乎每一道都会设置改写是呈现出来的大趋势,值得引起备考人员的注意。这道题定位词是car以及drive,在音频中改述成:you can always rent a car right here at the airport,of course.当中的hire换成了rent。这种改写方式几乎算得上是所有改写方式中最简单,挑战最小的一种,在形式上通常都很对称:词数一致,词性一致等,因此,考生较容易听辨出来。

3.同类词

此种方式在形式上和第二种具有极大的相似性,但在实际的做题过程中,对考生的听力能力要求更高,主要原因是考生记单词时常常忽略单词的一词多义或一词多性。同类词,更具体的来解释就是用抽象指代具体,或整体指代部分,如:student=postgraduate,meat=product等。

如:Cambridge8test2section4

31.In order to set up her research program,Shona got

A.advice from personal friends in other countries.

B.help from students in other countries.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6716138186.html,rmation from her tutor’s contracts in other countries.

此题定位词:set up research program,选项对比发现,需要考生听辨的是何种人

给予了Shona帮助,即personal friend,students,her tutor三选一,但是,考生得意识到音频会进行改写,所以考生不应期待自己能够听见原词,要听辨的是意义而非形式。原文是:so I approached postgraduates in my field in overseas departments,contacting them by email,to organize things for me at their end.当中的postgraduates即是第二个选项中students的同义替换,所以答案选B.students和postgraduates是同类词,更具体一点是整体和部分的关系,students包含了postgraduates,所以在此处,他们所指代的人是一样的。正如前文提及的,同类词之间的改写替换对考生的听辨能力要求较高,考生往往需要一定的反应时间来理解含义,而这个反应时间是音频中不会给的,音频中的语义一个接一个,根本不给反应时间。此处笔者建议考生在积累听力词汇时一定要灵活,注意单词的一词多义和一词多性。

雅思听力最常见同义替换汇总 (2)

. chou名词 1. 上义词V.S 下义词 e.g cold drink → chilled mineral water reptile → snakes improvement → innovation 2. 抽象V.S 具体 e.g transport → bus, train discount → 10% off 3. 解释,下定义 e.g neigh bors → people living nearby solution → ways in which people may overcome their problems conclusion → the last part 4. 同义词,近义词 e.g disadvantages → drawbacks gift → present booking → reservation 5. 指代替换,人称代词 e.g we → library staff you → postgraduates 形容词 1. 同义词,近义词替换 e.g easy → elementary, simple tall → high ideal → perfect 2. 反义替换 e.g interesting → boring noisy → quiet easy → difficult 3. 抽象到具体名词 e.g near → just 35 minut es long → fortnight, week, hour 4. 同根词互换 e.g important → importance beautiful → beauty 动词 1. 同义词,近义词替换 e.g book → reserve change → adjust ignore → overlook 2. 同根词互换 e.g arrive → arrival depart → departure 3. 反义替换 e.g include → exclude been told → heard 4. 跨词性替换 e.g listen to → talks reduce → lower 5. 抽象到具体 e.g recover → overcome its problems 地图题核心词汇 be far from 距离某处很远 be nearby 距离某处很近 go straight across/to/through 径直走过/向/穿过 cross(over) 穿过(某条街道) be next to 紧邻 turn left/right 左转/右转 go up/down 向上(北)/向下(南) go back/back up 往回走 go east/west/south/north 向东/西/南/北 go on/along…till you meet…沿。。。一直走,直到。。。 be on sb’s left/right在某人的左边/右边 directly opposite 和。。。相对 be located behind/in front of 坐落在。。。的前面/后面 be on the corner of A street and B street 在A和B街交汇的拐角处be in corner of 在。。。的角落里 ground floor (英)首层 wing配楼/建筑的一部分

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雅思听力中的常见同义词替换 同义词替换是雅思听力考试中的一大难点,针对这个问题,前程百利雅思小编为大家整理了雅思听力中的常见同义词替换,供大家参考,以下是详细内容。 雅思听力中常见同义词替换 1、解决:Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 2、损害:Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 3、给与:Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford 4、培养:Develop, cultivate, foster 5、优势:Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 6、缺陷:Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 7、使迷惑:Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 8、重要的:Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 9、认为:Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced 10、保护:Protect, conserve, preserve 11、确保:Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 12、有害的:Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental

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1.Establish-built建造 2.Building-construction 建造 3.Rebuilt--reconstruct 重建 4.expertise-ability 能?,专? 5.Noisy-disturbing--not quiet 吵闹的 6.Open-- not close 开放 7.Boring-- not interesting ?趣的 8.Risky—dangerous 危险的 9.Less likely-tends not 不?可能 10.Not include-exclude 排除 11.Steal-theft 偷窃 12.Tent-marquee 帐篷 13.Coastline-shore 海岸 14.Cost-price-expenses 花销 15.Cost-pay-fee 费? 16.Cost –budget 成本 17.Money-funds 集资 18.More than-over 超过 19.Classify-category 分类 20.Accommodation-living 住宿 21.Drop in-fall 下降 22.Entrance-access ??

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attire n.服装, 盛装 garb n.装束, 打扮 outfit n.用具, 配备, 全套装配 轴关键枢 axis n.轴, 轴线 pivot n.枢, 枢轴, 支枢, 支点 hub n.轮轴,轴心 hinge n.枢纽; 门枢; 节点, 活动关节, 关键; 转折点 假定假设 assume vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现 hypothesis n.假设 postulate n.假定, 基本条件, 基本原理vt.要求, 假定vi.要求presume vt.假定, 假设, 认为 有吸引力的迷人的华丽的堂皇的 attractive adj.有吸引力的; 引人注目的诱人的 intriguing adj.迷人的, 有迷惑力的 inviting adj.诱惑人的; 吸引人的 appealing adj.有感染力的, 引人注意的, 讨人喜欢的

glamorous adj.迷人的;富有魅力的 charming adj.迷人的, 娇媚的, 可爱的; 有趣的 gorgeous adj.华丽的, 豪华的, 辉煌的 magnificent adj.宏伟的, 堂皇的, 庄严的,华丽的(衣服, 装饰等) engaging adj.吸引人的, 迷人的, 可爱的 catching adj.有传染性的,动人的, 迷人的, 令人喜欢的 sensational adj.使人感动的, 非常好的 以上就是雅思听力核心同义替换词的分享,希望对大家的雅思备考有帮助。最后,预祝大家在雅思考试中取得满意的成绩。

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