搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › Team exercise instructions

Team exercise instructions

Team exercise instructions
Team exercise instructions

7211HSL Special Interest Tourism

Instructions for Week 5 outdoor leadership exercise

?Answer sheet gives you a set of directions to six different question sheets that are distributed around the west end of campus (none beyond G06).

?You are given a bearing (direction) and a distance in metres from one question to the next one.

?The map you are given is marked with a grid, each square is 100 metres. North is to the left of the map.

?Each group has a different route so do NOT follow each other or you will not find the questions! Please do NOT remove the

questions.

?There are some clues on the sheet to help you.

?Before setting off check whether you have the following things with you:

o Map

o Answer Sheet

o Lecture notes

o Pen

o Compass

?The starting point of this exercise is Bomb Shelter (Building G32 on the map).

?Good luck!

?Please return compass and answer sheet to Jenny before ________

How to use a compass:

1.Find your location on the map

2.Set bearing (e.g. 180 degree)

3.Put centre of the needles over your location

4.Orient north lines in the compass with map (north lines on the map)

5.Check direction with long black arrow on the map (follow this

direction to the next question)

6.See how far is the distance (each square on the map is 100 meters)

Step 2:

Read/set bearing here Step 4: Orient these north lines

in the compass with north

lines on the map

Step 3: Put centre of the

needles over your location

on the map

Step 5: Check direction with long black arrow

研究生英语精读教程教师参考书(第三版下)中国人民大学出版社

Language Points 1.Subtitle:Toxin sniffers,missile jammers,dirty-bomb detectors: The post-9/11security blitz is affecting more than public safety—it’s changing the course of science. Toxin sniffers:毒素嗅探器missile jammers:导弹人为干发射机 dirty-bomb detectors:放射性核弹探测器 全句可译为:毒素嗅探器、导弹人为干发射机、放射性核弹探测器:“9·11” 事件后闪电式的保卫行动不仅影响着公共安全——还在改变着科学的进程。 2.Par.[1]:In the race to prevent future9/11-style attacks—or worse—Washington has marshaled the U.S.science establishment on a scale not seen since Sputnik. 全句可译为:华盛顿以前苏联发射人造地球卫星以来所未有的规模对美国的科 学机构做了安排。 3.Par.[2]:“A lot of it is security theater technology designed to make you feel better,”says Bruce Schneier,author of Beyond Fear:Thinking Sensibly about Security in an Uncertain World. 全句可译为:《超脱恐惧:明智地考虑变幻莫测世界的安全问题》的作者布鲁 斯·施奈尔说:“这当中有许多都是做表面文章的保安技术,目的是让你感到 更安全。 4.Par.[6]:As the archive of visa applicants balloons,scans of all10 fingers will provide more fail-safe identifications. 全句可译为:随着护照签证申请人的档案急剧增加,对十指全部进行扫描将 使身份验证更加万无一失。 5.Par.[9]:Resembling a sleek outhouse,the$150,000walk-through machine sends a quick blast of air over your clothing to dislodge trace explosive particles. walk-through:(建筑物)从两端都可进入的 全句可译为:这种价值15万美元的从两端都可进入的机器像个造型优美的 户外小屋,它在你的衣服上面迅速地吹过一股气流,从衣服上吹下微量炸药 粒子, 6.Par.[10]:Still,building technology today already seems light-years beyond pre-9/11days. 全句可译为:然而,今天的建筑技术看来已经远远超过“9·11”事件以前的 日子了。 7.Par.[11]:GPS:Global Positioning System全球卫星定位系统 8.Par.[12]:A cyber-attack on the country’s financial networks or power and telecommunications grids could make other means of protecting our physical assets moot. 全句可译为:对国家的金融网或电力和电信网进行的网络攻击,可使我们保 护有形资产的其他手段变得无实际意义。 9.Par.[12]:Developers describe it as a“Google-esque”tool and predict

研究生英语精读教程第三版上unit one原文

Unit One Text: You Are What You Think And if you change your mind-from pessimism to optimism -you can change your life Claipe Safran [1] Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these clichés are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking. [2] A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15,000 people—is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. "If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University①in Houston②,"it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills." [3] "Your abilities count," explains psychologist Michael F. Scheier of Carnegie Mellon University③in Pittsburgh④, "but

【精品】团队管理的重要性

关于瓶颈,团队管理的重要性 群的活跃度代表你们赚钱的速度 1、今天跟大家讲述一下,到了目前的发展,有很多经销商发展到了今天,遇到了瓶颈,就是感觉到微营销越来越难做,估计很多都处于困境,像经销商的流失,新客户开发的难度,各方面都困扰着大家,那今天就一起来讨论下这个阶段如何做好微营销。 2、最初的时候,大家会发现微营销特别好做,尤其是刚开始的时候,好像是一个人做微营销都能赚到钱,很容易就超过你的月薪,非常简单,我们管那个阶段叫“野蛮式的生长”这么一个过程,过了这么个过程,到今天为止,市场竞争越来越激烈,做的人越来越多,品牌越来越多,那我们该如何去做呢。现在我们一定一定要开始重视团队的管理,那为什么经销商会流失,前期忠诚度那么高,到后面忠诚度越来越低,为什么呢? 3、因为前期很多经销商你去招募新的经销商进来,他们对微营销是一无所知的状态,完全不了解,你说什么都觉得好新鲜,好有知识,你好厉害,他对你各种崇拜,但是随着后期,你把他带的越来越厉害的时候,人的欲望是在野蛮的生长,是在膨胀,当他在了解到一定程度的时候,他发现在你身上再也学不到东西的时候,他就会离开你,就好像很多公司招募了很多新员工,刚进来的时候,什么都听你的,但是他一旦成长,他对这个行业非常了解,他就会离开公司单干,你们每个人遇到这样一个困境是很正常的,你的微商,你们的微信是你的企业,你的企业发展到一定阶段一定会出现企业发展的困难,到这

个时候就看你如何去面对。 4、这个时候,你选择了放弃,那你之前的努力就前功尽弃,任何一个企业的发展,都会遇到困难,就像我们的断货,包括我们的顾客出现过敏,包括经销商的流失,所有这些都是企业发展的困境,当你企业遇到困难必须想办法去解决问题,要记住,有问题不可怕,可怕的是你找不到解决的办法或者不愿意去解决,开始自我怀疑,开始负面,开始抱怨,各种纠结,犹豫不前,你的企业就将面临倒闭的危险,所以说在这个时候挺住了,你的企业就可以继续发展。 5、这个阶段我觉得是一个非常非常好的阶段,我们称之为诸侯争霸的阶段,乱世出英雄,在市场混乱的时候,很多人挺不住倒下的时候才最容易出现英雄。所以说是英雄是狗熊就在这个时候出一个决断。这个时候是市场竞争残酷的时候,所剩的就是胜者为王。我希望带领的经销商必须给我挺住,挺住了前面就是一片美丽的阳光大道,挺不住你之前付出的一切都归零了。这个时候一定记住我跟大家讲的要不断的强大自己,保持激情,去征服别人,你永远保持激情你的经销商才会觉得在你这里能学到东西,他才能继续跟着你走,如果他觉得跟着你学不到东西,没有收获的时候,一切都没有机会了。 6、有一个特别有意思的情况,所有做得好的经销商来找我聊天,汇报工作的时候,永远都是积极阳光正能量,就算他的团队出了问题,他都会跟我说这种情况只是暂时的,但是我会尽快解决,过一段时再

研究生英语精读教程答案(下)分章节

研究生英语精读教程(下)答案 Unit 2 Exercise A I.Comprehension 1.The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is clear.In the former case,some direct action is taken(for example,lethal injection is given.) to help finishing the patient’s unbearable pain for good,while in the latter,no direct action is taken,merely letting the patient die. 2.The attitude of AMA is somewhat contradictory.First,it states that mercy killing is contrary to what the medical profession stands and also to its own policy.But then it goes on to say that the advice and judgment of the doctor should be available to the patient and/or his family. 3.A lethal injection is one which can“kill”the patient immediately.The author thinks that once the decision not to prolong the patient's agony is made,to give him a lethal injection is the best choice.Otherwise the patient will suffer more rather than less. 4.The most painful thing to do for a surgeon is to stand by and watch a savable baby die because his very duty is to use the scalpel to fight off death. 5.Some people are opposed to all kinds of euthanasia because they believe that all people have the right to live. 6.The author believes that the reason to let the baby die is only an excuse.And the real reason is that the child has Down's syndrome because the operation is very simple. 7.No,killing someone is not morally worse than letting someone die.(An example is omitted.) 8.What the doctor does in active euthanasia is only for humane reasons.In a civil case of killing,however,the person acts from the motive of personal gain.That's the main difference.9.Mercy killing and conventional euthanasia are the same thing,because in both cases the passive part the doctor plays is emphasized. 10.The attitude of AMA in its statement is contradictory.First,it forbids mercy killing, but then it goes on to deny that the cessation of treatment is the intentional termination of life.This is where the mistake is made, for the former is none other than the 1atter. Ⅱ.V ocabulary 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.D 11.B 12.B 13:D 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.D Ⅲ.Cloze 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.C Ⅳ.Translation A.没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。青春时期有一种永恒的感觉,使我们能自我纠正,适应一切事物。年轻人酷似神仙。虽半生一晃就过去了,还有下半生带着无限的宝藏给我们储备着,因为前程远大,希望无穷。这个新的时代是属于我们年轻人的。“一个远大无边的前景展开在我们面前。”我们环顾周围这个新的世界,充满着生命,活跃和不断的进步;我们自身感到朝气蓬勃,精神焕发,紧跟时代步伐。没有任何征兆会使我们预感到有朝一日,自

研究生英语精读教程(第三版上)课后习题

研究生英语精读教程(第三版上) Unit 4 B. great regret C. great despair D. great disappointment 2. I have nothing but disdain for such a person. A. respect 3. The grass was interspersed with beds of flowers. A. scattered 4. I am sure disease must propagate in such unsanitary and crowded areas. D. generate 5. There was a meager attendance at the council meeting. B. enough C. ample D. haughty A. negotiation B. punishment 7. We can't rule out the possibility that he will come after all. B. refuse C. accept D. take C. tied to D. shut on 9. We three were the sole survivors in the traffic accident. A. lucky B. fortunate C. blessed 10. I slept through her dull speech. D. imaginative A. letters B. dealings C. writings A. pieces B. slips D. portions 13. The old lady ______ the sweet-smelling flowers into a garland. A. tied C. curved D. twisted B. prudent C. shrewd D. rude A. area B. place C. district A. firing B. lighting D. glowing 17. Sports, and not learning, seem to ______ in that school. A. appear B. occupy 18. Each chess player will have five minutes to ______ his next move. A. hoped C. wished D. wished to B. A word C. Words D. The word Unit 5 1. His beautiful writing is akin to drawing. A. as B. from C. above 2. His knowledge on the subject seems to be on a par with my own. A. different from

研究生英语精读教程翻译 上 课后习题及其答案。。

一、你认为自己是什么样的人,那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活 [1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗?你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈,而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时,这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。 [2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目,涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反,悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说:“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考,那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说,“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。”在某种程度上,这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [4]以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。他们发现,在工龄较长的推销员中,积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇用的推销员中,乐观主义者则多销了20%。 [5]公司受到了触动,便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。 [6]他们是如何做到的呢?据塞利格曼说,乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。出了问题之后,悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说:“我不善于做这种事,我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞,他责怪天气,抱怨电话线路,甚至怪罪别人。他认为,是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利时,乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话,请他们为红十字会献血。当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时,悲观者说:“我干不了这事。乐观主义者则对自己说:“我需要试试另一种方法。” [8]无论是消极还是积极,都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。安德森说:如果人们感到没有希望,他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。” [9]据安德森看来,有无控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。如果事情不顺利,他立刻做出反应,寻找解决办法,制定新的行动计划,并且主动寻求指点。悲观者则感到自己只能由命运摆布,行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法,他便不去寻求指点。 [10]乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉·利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说,两次发病间隔的时间比较长,而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的初步研究中,利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观病人身上复发更早。 [11]乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈,却有可能预防疾病。在一项长期研究中,研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。所有这些人都是班上的学生,并且健康状况良好。他们之中有的是积极思考者,有的是消极思考者。20年后,悲观者中患有中年常见病——高血压、糖尿病、心脏病——的人数要比乐观者多。 [12]许多研究显示,悲观者的无助感会损害人体的自然防御体系,即免疫系统。密执安大学的克里斯托弗·彼德森博士发现悲观主义者不能很好地照顾自己。他消极被动,无法避开生活中的打击,无论做什么都会担心身体不好或其他灾难将临。他大嚼不利于健康的垃圾食品,逃避体育锻炼,不听医生的劝告,还总是要再贪一杯。 [13]在多数人身上,乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之,但总是更倾向于其中之一。塞利格曼说,这是一种早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式,来自千万次警告或鼓励,消极的或积极的话语。过多的“不许”及危险警告会使一个孩子感到无能、恐惧以及悲观。 [14]随着年龄的增长,儿童能体会到许多小小的成就感,如学会系鞋带等。家长可以促使这类成功转变为控制感,从而培养出乐观主义。 [15]悲观是一种很难克服的习惯,但并非不能克服。在一系列具有重大突破的研究中,伊利诺伊大学的卡罗尔·德韦克博士对小学低年级儿童做了一些工作。她帮助那些屡屡出错的学生改变对失败原因的解释——从“我准是很笨”变成“我学习还不够努力”——因此他们的学习成绩提高了。 [16]匹兹堡的利维博士想知道把病人变成乐观主义者是否会延长他们的生命。在一次试验性研究中,两组结肠癌病人受到同样方式的治疗,但其中一些人还得到了鼓励乐观态度的心理帮助。试验结果表明这一做法有一定的效果。现在已在计划实施一项重大研究,以确定这一心理变化是否会改变病情的发展。 [17]因此,如果你是个悲观主义者,你完全有理由乐观起来。你能改变自己。以下就是范德比尔特大学的心理学家史蒂夫·霍朗指出的方法: [18]一、当坏事发生时,仔细留意自己的想法,把你最初的想法原原本本地记下来,一字不改。

研究生英语精读教程-翻译

UNIT 1 1. 你对他说的话不能为你这种行为辩护。(justify) 1) What you said to him can hardly justify such conduct of yours. 2. 你认为他会因为同主教的私人关系而免受宗教迫害吗? (immune from) 1) Do you think he would be immune from religious persecution by reason of his personal relation with the Bishop? 3. 你对心理医生的忠告采取什么态度会影响到你是否会再做恶梦。(recur) 1) Your attitude towards the advice of the psychiatrist will affect whether or not your bad dream recurs. 2) Whether your nightmare recurs depends on your attitude towards the advice of the psychiatrist 4. 乐观主义者成功的秘诀在于他们是用积极的态度对待失望和失败。 1) The secret to the success of optimists is that they deal with disappointments and failures in a positive way. 5. 悲观主义者往往容易失败,部分原因就是一个人对自己的看法常常是一种能够自我实现的预言。(in part) 1) The reason that a pessimist tends to fail is, in part, that a person's opinion about himself is often a self-fulfilling prophecy. 2) Pessimists are likely to fail partly because one's perception of oneself is often a self-fulfilling prophecy. 6. 在幼儿的性格特征没有来得及发展之前,他们的行为不如大多数成年人的行为那样保持一致(consistent)。一个儿童行为的改变,可能表明他的注意力已因其活动特点的不同而转变。他的兴趣总是集中在手头的事情上。个性坚强、兴趣强烈的人能够坚持把自己正在做的事进行下去,只有重大的环境变化才能干扰其行为的方向和目的。 1) In very young children, before traits have had much chance to develop, behavior is less consistent than it is in most adults. A child's changing behavior may show his changing concern with different features of his activity. His interest always focuses on the business at hand. The person with strong traits and interests is able to persist in what he is doing. Only a major situational change can disturb the direction or purpose of his behavior. UNITE THREE 尊敬的编辑同志: 非常高兴中央电视台和贵报举办“我与电视”征文活动。我很遗憾地告诉您我是位残疾人。当您看到我的稿子时,一定觉得我的字迹很乱吧。那是因为我的手不能动,多年来一直叼着笔用嘴写字,这些年来,我用嘴写出了一篇篇文章,一首首小诗。 现在我怀着无比激动的心情把这篇征文寄给您。祝好! 残疾青年王丽 My respected editor, I am greatly delighted that CCTV and your TV GUIDE are inviting us readers to contribute articles on the subject “Television and Me”. But I regret to tell you that I am a disabled girl. My handwriting is bad you’ll know when reading my manuscript. This is because I’m unable to move my hand, and I can write only with “my mouth”. For many years I grip the pen with my teeth and write the way I do. Over the past years I have “mouth-written”one essay after another, and one poem after another. At this very moment my heart is throbbing with great excitement while answering your call for a report also from me.

团队精神在企业经营管理中的重要作用

团队精神在企业经营管理中的重要作用 容摘要:在当今社会里,企业分工越来越细,任何人都不可能独立完成所有的工作,团队精神日益 成为企业的一个重要文化因素,它要求企业分工合理,将每个员工放在正确的位置上,使他能够最大限度地发挥自己的才能,同时又辅以相应的机制,使所有员工形成一个有机的整体,为实现企业的目标而奋斗。本文重点从团队精神的阐释和如何凝聚团队精神方面进行论述。 关键词:团队精神企业管理员工 一、团队精神定义及实质。 团队精神是团队成员共同认可的一种集体意识,显现的是团队成员的工作心理状态和士气,是团队成员共同价值观和理想、信念的体现,是凝聚团队、推动团队发展的精神力量。团队精神堪称团队之魂,是团队管理的最高哲学。团队精神的基础是尊重个人的兴趣和成就。核心是协同合作,最高境界是全体成员的向心力、凝聚力,反映的是个体利益和整体利益的统一,并进而保证组织的高效率运转。团队精神的形成并不要求团队成员牺牲自我,相反,挥洒个性、表现特长保证了成员共同完成任务目标,而明确的协作意愿和协作方式则产生了真正的心动力。团队精神是组织文化的一部分,良好的管理可以通过合适的组织形态将每个人安排至合适的岗位,充分发挥集体的潜能。如果没有正确的管理文化,没有良好的从业心态和奉献精神,就不会有团队精神。 团队精神的实质:第一。团队的团结来自团队部的凝聚力,而非由外部情境决定;第二,团队成员之间没有分裂为相互对立的小团体的倾向,没有离心倾向;第三,团队本身具有解决部矛盾、处理部冲突和适应外部环境变化的能力。第四,成员之间彼此理解,对强烈的认同感,成员对团队有较强的归属感;第五,团队成员都明确的掌握和理解团队目标;第六,团队成员对团队的目标及管理者包新人和支持态度;第七,团队成员承认团队的存在价值,并且有维护团队继续存在于发展的愿望。 二、团队精神的作用 1、目标导向功能。团队精神的培养,使企业员工齐心协力,拧成一股绳,朝着一个目标努力,对单个员工来说,团队要达到的目标即是自己所努力的方向,团队整体的目标顺势分解成各个小目标,在每个员工身上得到落实。 2、凝聚功能。任何组织群体都需要一种凝聚力,传统的管理方法是通过组织系统自上而下的行政指令,淡化了个人感情和社会心理等方面的需求,而团队精神则通过对群体意识的培养,通过员工在长期的实践中形成的习惯、信仰、动机、兴趣等文化心理,来沟通人们的思想,引导人们产生共同的使命感、归属感和认同感,反过来逐渐强化团队精神,产生一种强大的凝聚力。 3、激励功能。团队精神要靠员工自觉地要求进步,力争与团队中最优秀的员工看齐。通过员工之间正常的竞争可以实现激励功能,而且这种激励不是单纯停留在物质的基础上,还能得到团队的认可,获得团队中其他员工的尊敬。 4、控制功能。员工的个体行为需要控制,群体行为也需要协调。团队精神所产生的控制功能,是通过团队部所形成的一种观念的力量、氛围的影响,去约束规,控制职工的个体行为。这种控制不是自上而下的硬性强制力量,而是由硬性控制向软性化控制;由控制职工行为,转向控制职工的意识;由控制职工的短期行为,转向对其价值观和长期目标的控制。因此,这种控制更为持久有意义,而且容易深入人心。 三、团队精神的形成与发展关键决定于重视企业文化的程度

研究生英语精读教程

《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版下) 中国人民大学出版社

Part Summary ?[1~2] ?John Tierney outlines the bet and the differences between the two sides.Two intellectual schools debate whether the world is getting better or going to the dogs. Part Summary ?[3~4] ?the doomster and his proposition ?Erhrich predicted that "before 1985 mankind will enter an age of scarcity" in which "the accessible supplies of many key minerals will be nearing depletion". Part Summary ?[5~6] ?the boomster and his point of view ?Simon believes that population growth constitutes not a crisis but a boon that will ultimately mean a cleaner environment and a healthier humanity. Part Summary

?[7~9] ?How the bet came into being. Part Summary ?[10-11] ?Erhrich's predictions and the reality ?Ehrlich was right about world population. Yet somehow the average person is healthier and wealthier. And things haven't run out yet. Part Summary ?[12~20] ?Simon's opposite propositions towards Erhrich's predictions ?Simon believed that human ingenuity could indefinitely expand the planet's carrying capacity. Part Summary ?[21~23] ?Simon had never enjoyed Ehrlich's academic success, when it came to winning over popularity. ?Many scientists are uncomfortable with his sweeping optimism - there is no guarantee that past trends will continue - but the consensus has been shifting against Ehrlich's idea of population growth as the great evil. Part Summary ?[24~26] ?The bet ended in Simon's success due to the decline in price Part Summary ?[27-28] ?New problems do exist, but there will be a way out. Text Summary ?What is the relationship between mankind and the earth? There was a fierce debate between Paul R. Ehrlich, an ecologist, and Julian L. Simon, an economist. Their debate in nature is between doomsters and boomsters over a view of the planet's ultimate limits and a vision of humanity's destiny. Ehrlich believed that population growth would result in depletion of resources. However, Simon held the idea that the resources were not finite. With the population growth, more people would produce more bright ideas to solve the problem. The key point of Simon's argument was that human ingenuity could indefinitely expand the planet's carrying capacity while Ehrlich's idea about the world was that a gigantic population crash would inevitably occur. From the debate it may be concluded that the danger does exist, yet there is a way out.

西南科技大学研究生精读教程第三版上1.2.5.7单元习题整理版

unit 1 整理仅供参考仓促难免疏漏 1.Those who believed their religious leader’s prophecy that the end of the world would come soon went into a panic. B. forecast A.announcement C. prediction D. declaration 2.It became obvious when the boy floundered through the recitation in class today that he had not taken the trouble to do his homework. A.meditated B. faltered C. contemplated D. staggered 3.The teacher told the students that they should avoid using clichés in their composition. A. popular proverbs B. well-known stories C. famous quotations D. trite expressions 4.After listening to the same old moral lesson all these years, the villagers became almost immune to it. A. insensitive to B. fed up with C. familiar with D. accustomed to 5.I can't claim credit for her English proficiency; after all, she only came to my class this semester. A.ask for money B. expect payment C. say that I deserve praise D. declare that I am grateful 6.Believe it or not, this popular novel now you see on every shelf was censored only a few years ago. A.officially examined and banned B. despised by the general public C. sold out soon after its publication D. condemned by the critics 7.The party leader regards the result of the election as a personal triumph. A.victory B. celebration C. satisfaction D. propaganda 8.The immigration officer scrutinized his passport before he was allowed to leave A.Stamped B. examined C. returned D. issued 9.He suffered a long period of depression before his first suicide attempt. A.Inoculation B. hypertension C. ailments D. dejection 10.He was never able to enjoy the metropolitan delights of cinemas and theatres. A.artistic B. modern C. urban D. various 11.He quickly _____ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in

团队精神在企业经营管理中的重要作用

团队精神在企业经营管理中的重要作用 内容摘要:在当今社会里,企业分工越来越细,任何人都不可能独立完成所有的工作,团队精神日益成为企业的一个重要文化因素,它要求 企业分工合理,将每个员工放在正确的位置上,使他能够最大限度地 发挥自己的才能,同时又辅以相应的机制,使所有员工形成一个有机 的整体,为实现企业的目标而奋斗。本文重点从团队精神的阐释和如何凝聚团队精神方面进行论述。 关键词:团队精神企业管理员工 一、团队精神定义及实质。 团队精神是团队成员共同认可的一种集体意识,显现的是团队成员的工作心理状态和士气,是团队成员共同价值观和理想、信念的体现,是凝聚团队、推动团队发展的精神力量。团队精神堪称团队之魂,是团队管理的最高哲学。团队精神的基础是尊重个人的兴趣和成就。核心是协同合作,最高境界是全体成员的向心力、凝聚力,反映的是个体利益和整体利益的统一,并进而保证组织的高效率运转。团队精神的形成并不要求团队成员牺牲自我,相反,挥洒个性、表现特长保证了成员共同完成任务目标,而明确的协作意愿和协作方式则产生了真正的内心动力。团队精神是组织文化的一部分,良好的管理可以通过合适的组织形态将每个人安排至合适的岗位,充分发挥集体的潜能。如果没有正确的管理文化,没有良好的从业心态和奉献精神,就不会有团队精神。

团队精神的实质:第一。团队的团结来自团队内部的凝聚力,而非由外部情境决定;第二,团队成员之间没有分裂为相互对立的小团体的倾向,没有离心倾向;第三,团队本身具有解决内部矛盾、处理内部冲突和适应外部环境变化的能力。第四,成员之间彼此理解,对强烈的认同感,成员对团队有较强的归属感;第五,团队成员都明确的掌握和理解团队目标;第六,团队成员对团队的目标及管理者包新人和支持态度;第七,团队成员承认团队的存在价值,并且有维护团队继续存在于发展的愿望。 二、团队精神的作用 1、目标导向功能。团队精神的培养,使企业员工齐心协力,拧成一股绳,朝着一个目标努力,对单个员工来说,团队要达到的目标即是自己所努力的方向,团队整体的目标顺势分解成各个小目标,在每个员工身上得到落实。 2、凝聚功能。任何组织群体都需要一种凝聚力,传统的管理方法是通过组织系统自上而下的行政指令,淡化了个人感情和社会心理等方面的需求,而团队精神则通过对群体意识的培养,通过员工在长期的实践中形成的习惯、信仰、动机、兴趣等文化心理,来沟通人们的思想,引导人们产生共同的使命感、归属感和认同感,反过来逐渐强化团队精神,产生一种强大的凝聚力。 3、激励功能。团队精神要靠员工自觉地要求进步,力争与团队中最优秀的员工看齐。通过员工之间正常的竞争可以实现激励功能,

相关主题