2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)

2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in thevirtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spe nd more and more time in thevirtual world instead of interacting in the real w orld. You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 words Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.

B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.

C)The man's switch to a new career.

D) The restructuring of her company.

2. A) Talented personnel.

B) Strategic innovation.

C) Competitive products.

D) Effective promotion.

3. A) Expand the market.

B) Recruit more talents.

C) Innovate constantly.

D) Watch out for his competitors.

4. A) Possible bankruptcy.

B) Unforeseen difficulties.

C) Conflicts within the company.

D) Imitation by one's competitors.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5. A) The job of an interpreter.

B) The stress felt by professionals.

C) The importance of language proficiency.

D) The best way to effective communication.

6. A) Promising.

B) Admirable.

C) Rewarding.

D) Meaningful.

7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.

B) They all have professional qualifications.

C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.

D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.

8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.

B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.

C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.

D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress.

.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each pa ssage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questio ns will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the b est answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the cor responding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre. Passage One

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9. A) It might affect mothers' health.

B) It might disturb infants' sleep.

C) It might increase the risk of infants, death.

D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.

10. A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.

B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.

C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.

D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mother s.

11. A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies'.

B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.

C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.

D) T ake precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Passage Two

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.

B) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.

C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.

D) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.

13. A) To set up more language schools.

B) To document endangered languages.

C) To educate native American children.

D) To revitalise America's native languages.

14. A) The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.

B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.

C) The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.

D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.

15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.

B) It tells traditional stories during family time.

C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.

D) It is widely used in language immersion schools.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by threeor four questions. The recordings will be played only once. A fter you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choic es marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sh eet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Recording One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for wo rk.

B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.

C) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.

D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.

17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.

B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.

C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.

D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.

18. A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.

B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.

C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.

D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsi dies.

Recording Two

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) They measured the depths of sea water.

B) They analyzed the water content.

C) They explored the ocean floor.

D) They investigated the ice.

20. A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.

B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.

C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.

D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.

21. A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.

B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.

C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.

D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.

22. A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.

B) There is no easy way to understand it.

C) It will advance nuclear technology.

D) There is no easy technological solution to it.

Recording Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 23. A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-contro l.

B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.

C) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.

D) The deciding factor in children's academic performance.

24. A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.

B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.

C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.

D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.

25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.

B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.

C) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.

D) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required

to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26__________ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers?Users?Software writers? The answer depends on the robot. Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27__________ of computational power and engineering advances will 28__________ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29__________ use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation. But there are 30__________ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器) operator will 31__________ someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32__________ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33__________ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34__________ space for innovation?

Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35__________ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.

A. arises

B. ascends

C. bound

D. combination

E. definite

F. eventually

G. interfere

H. invade

I. manifesting

J. penalties

K. preserving

L. programmed

M. proximately

N. victims

O. widespread

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the pa ragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You m ay choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a lette r. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.

Reform and Medical Costs

[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer isthat no one has an easy fix for rising medic al costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how careis delivered and how doct ors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achievedonly thr ough trial and error and incremental (渐进的）gains.

[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approve d by the SenateFinance Committee would implement or test many reforms t hat should help slow the rise inmedical costs over the long term. As a report i n The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,

"Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures."

[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, ispropelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical servi ces in this country and thevolume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lotmore tests and treatments than a pa tient really needs.

[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills t o try to address those problems, and why it is hard to know how well they wil l work.

[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals,nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savingsroutinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medi care more than $100 billion over the next decade. Ifprivate plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to letproviders shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics sayCongr ess will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook That is f ar less likelyto happen if Congress also adopts strong upaygo” rules requiring that any increase inpayments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.

[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税）on health insurance plans thatcost more than $8,000 for an individual or $2

1,000 for a family. It would most likely causeinsurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pay moremoney for many ser vices out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to thinktwice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists pro ject thatmost employers would shift money from expensive health benefits in to wages. The House billhas no similar tax. The final legislation should. [G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients whohave tried to understand their own parade of statements, kn ow that simplification ought tosave money. When the health insurance indus try was still cooperating in reform efforts, itstrade group offered to provide st andardized forms for automated processing. It estimated thatstep would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law.

[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medicalsystem to electronic records that can be easily viewed and tran smitted. This requires openinvestments to help doctors convert. In time it sh ould help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug inte ractions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.

[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rew arded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a pr imary reason that the cost ofcare is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments tocare for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a year. No one knows how to makethat happen quickly . The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. Theyincl ude such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a pati ent's needswith an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease manag ement to make sure theseriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all he alth care costs, are treated properly. Forthe most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.

[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identifie d and expandedand the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create a n independent commission tomonitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms t hat work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as awhole by C ongress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to the ir will.

[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which smallbusinesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standa rd benefit packages that would be easy tocompare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exch ange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentiv e to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or dema nding better deals from providers.

[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to thefierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican criti cs, it might not save muchmoney. The one in the House bill would have to ne gotiate rates with providers, rather thanusing Medicare rates, as many reform ers wanted.

[M] The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to com pare how wellvarious treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful moni toring best for prostate (前列腺)cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any bet ter than its commoncompetitors? The pending bills would spend additional m oney to accelerate this effort.

[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of car e.

(That would betrue only if you believed that patients should have an unrestr ained right to treatments provento be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not r equire, as they should, that the results of thesestudies be used to set payme nt rates in Medicare.

[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatmentsproven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might b e the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come do wn through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.

[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human servic es to negotiatedrug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative an alysts doubt that the secretarywould get better deals than private insurers alr eady get. We believe negotiation could work. Itdoes in other countries. [Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice cos ts. Malpracticeawards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-ris k specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatmentsprimarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36. With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employer s will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages.

37. Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyi sts would find ithard to influence lawmakers.

38. It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.

39. Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medic al expenses.

40. Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the cre ation of a public insurance plan.

41. Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate red undant tests and prevent drug interactions.

42. The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven upmedical expenses.

43. One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated forthe amount of care rather than its effect.

44. Contrary to analysts' doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowe red through negotiation.

45. Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge l ess.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four c hoices marked A. , B. , C. and D..You should decide on the best choice and m ark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with asingle line through the ce ntre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, fanners in developing countries are usingraw sewage (下水道污水）to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, accordingto a ne w report—and it may not be a bad thing.

While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are out weighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consu mers who need affordable food.

"There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt g reat numbers of urban consumers," said Liqa Raschid-Sally, who led the study. The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities suppl y relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water f rom local rivers or lakes.Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack ad vanced water-treatment facilities, andrivers effectively become sewers (下水道).

When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing dise ase-causing bacteria, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwash ed. Nearly 2.2 million peopledie each year because of diarrhea-related (与腹泻相关的) diseases, according to WHO statistics.More than 80% of those cases can b e attributed to contact with contaminated water and alack of proper sanitat ion. But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh th e healthrisks.

Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he sai d, while the freewater and nutrients from human waste can help urban farme rs in developing countries to escape poverty.

Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of global

fresh waterconsumption.

In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation sour ce to keep fannersin business. In some cases, water is so scarce that farmer s break open sewage pipestransporting waste to local rivers.

Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing w orld. Butfrequently untreated human waste harvested from lavatories is deliv ered to farms and spread as fertilizer.

In most cases, the human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventuall y cooked,minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With fertil izer prices jumping nearly50% per metric ton over the last year in some plac es, human waste is an attractive, and oftennecessary, alternative.

In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer use can b e avoided. The mudcontains the same critical nutrients.

"Overly strict standards often fail," James Bartram, a WHO water-health expe rt, said.

"We needto accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be usedin agriculture for good reason."

46. What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?

A. Its risks cannot be overestimated.

B. It should be forbidden altogether.

C. Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved.

D. It is polluting millions of acres of cropland.

47. What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?

A. Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.

B. It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.

C. Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.

D. It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.

48. What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsel's attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in agriculture?

A. Favorable.

B. Skeptical.

C. Indifferent.

D. Responsible.

49. What does Pay Drechsel think of the risks involved in using untreated hu man waste forfarming?

A. They have been somewhat exaggerated.

B. They can be dealt with through education.

C. They will be minimized with new technology.

D. They can be addressed by improved sanitation.

50. What do we learn about James Bartram's position on the use of human w aste for farming?

A. He echoes Pay Drechsel's opinion on the issue.

B. He challenges Liqa Raschid-Sally's conclusion.

C. He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.

D. He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-a ways andmicrowaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a veh icle for celebrity chefs.Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modem house: what thegreat hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.

The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitc hen market is nowworth $170 billion, five times the country's film industry. I n the year to August 2007, IKEA, aSwedish furniture chain, sold over one milli on kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a"major" kitchen overhaul i n 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $54,000;even a " minor" improvement cost on average $18,000.

Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitche n: Robinson& Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style onewhich would cost ￡145,000-155,000—excluding b uilding, plumbing and electrical work. Its bigselling point is that nobody else will have it: "You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in theworld."

The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcasefor the modem family tells the story of a century of social ch ange. Right into the early 20thcentury, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, ge nerally located underground, or to the back ofthe house, and as far from livin g space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were forservants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.

But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housek eeping became amatter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pionee rs of a radical new way of thinkingabout the kitchen was Catharine Esther B eecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In AmericanWoman's Home, publishe d in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach tohouseho ld management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and promote order.

Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to anot her American,Christine Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work,Household Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailedobservation of a housewife's daily rout ine. She borrowed the principle of efficiency on thefactory floor and applied it to domestic tasks on the kitchen floor.

Frederick's central idea, that stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed i n such a relationthat useless steps are avoided entirely", inspired the first ful ly fitted kitchen, designed in the1920s by Margarete Schütter-Lihotsky. It wa s a modernist triumph, and many elementsremain central features of today'

s kitchen.

51. What does the author say about the kitchen of today?

A. It is where housewives display their cooking skills.

B. It is where the family entertains important guests.

C. It has become something odd in a modem house.

D. It is regarded as the center of a modem home.

52. Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?

A. It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.

B. No duplicate is to be found in any other place.

C. It is manufactured by a famous British company.

D. No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.

53. What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?

A. Improved living conditions.

B. Women's elevated status.

C. Technological progress.

D. Social change.

54. What was the Beecher sisters' idea of a kitchen?

A. A place where women could work more efficiently.

B. A place where high technology could be applied.

C. A place of interest to the educated people.

D. A place to experiment with new ideas.

55. What do we learn about today's kitchen?

A. It represents the rapid technological advance in people's daily life.

B. Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.

C. It has been transformed beyond recognition.

D. Many of its functions have changed greatly.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。如今，深圳的人口已超过1,000 万，整个城市发生了巨大的变化。

到2014年，深圳的人均(per-capita)GDP已达25,000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。

写作参考答案

People nowadays use social networking sites very frequently, such as Weibo and Wechat, whichhave made us more connected than ever. Yet for all this clo se contact, we are becoming moresocially awkward. The harm of replacing r eal-life contact with virtual conversation, in myopinion, involves two aspects : it made us put on masks and hold up shields.

In a virtual world, we tend to create an image that rarely looks like us. We po st messages orpictures to show we are humorous, with a good taste, and livi ng a fabulous life. As a result, wefail to present our real self and dare not to b e ourselves. Another unpleasant thing aboutvirtual conversation is that it e ncourages unimaginable violence of language. The Internet hasbecome a shi eld in many ways， exempting us from the consequence we should takeresp onsibility for even though we make dreadful and malicious comments someti mes. Thisundoubtedly mins the quality of social interaction that we need a s human beings.

All in all, if we spend too much time interacting virtually, we will dedicate littl e effort to real-world bonding. Consequently, our interpersonal relationship w eakens gradually, and we will endup with unprecedented alienation.

【解析】

本题讨论的是“虚拟社交越来越频繁．真实社交却越来越贫乏”这一社会现象，考生需要阐述这一问题将导致的结果。根据题目要求，可以采取以下布局：

第一段：提出虽然人们的生活充斥着社交网站，但却变得越来越不善于社交。这都是因为过度依赖虚拟网络，而忽略了面对面交流的重要性。

第二段：从两方面阐述虚拟社交如何影响人的社交质量--在虚拟社交中人们喜欢伪装自己，同时建立起一块无形的盾牌躲避彼此。

第三段：总结全文，虚拟社交影像我们真实情感的建立，导致人际关系破裂，人性异化。

听力Section A 参考答案

1 What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?

[A] 【解析】对话开头，女士就说迈克在 CucinTech 负责了一个创新项目，并接着说到项目似乎非常成功。由此，可选定 A 项“男士在 CucinTech 负责的项目”。

【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 project, technology, career 以及 company，可推测问题可能与工作相关。②对话主要探讨的是战略上的创新，而 B 项“CucinTech 的技术革新”只是利用对话里的关键词innovation进行干扰；C 项“男士转换到新的职业上”在对话中并未提及；对话谈论的是男士在 CucinTech的工作情况，与女士公司无关，故排除 D 项“她公司的重组”。

2 What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented?

[B] 【解析】女士问到是否 CucinTech 命运的逆转完全归功于战略创新，男士作了肯定回答，并表达了他对CucinTech 的看法，认为这个公司以前只是一味地随大流，重复别人的做法。由此可见， CucinTech 以前缺乏战略创新，所以选 B 项。

【干扰项排除】①从选项的内容来看，题目涉及公司的情况。②A 项“人才”是该公司的优势而不是它欠缺的；男士认为该公司在产品研发上有很大潜力，但并未提及产品是否具有竞争力，故 C 项“具有竞争力的产品”排除；D 项“有效的促销”在对话中并没有提及。

3 What does the man say he should do in his business?

[C] 【解析】对话围绕战略创新展开，男士表达了自己对创新的看法，即“我们需要不断地创新，以跟上时代的步伐，停滞不前就等于落后”，接着他指出，“作为公司战略，创新没有止境”，所以在商业领域他应该做的就是C 项“不断创新”。

【干扰项排除】①选项均为原形动词短语，推测问题可能与行为、动作有关。②A 项“扩大市场”在对话中未提及；B 项“招聘更多人才”和 D 项“留心竞争对手”则利用对话中出现的 talent 和 competitor 来作干扰。

4 What does the man say is the risk of innovation?

[D] 【解析】对于创新，男士提出他的担忧，即经常导致被模仿，所以 D 项“被竞争对手模仿”正确。

【干扰项排除】①根据选项中的bankruptcy, conflicts, difficulties, competitors 等关键词可推测题目与某个困境相关。②A 项“可能破产”、B 项“难以预见的困难”和 C 项“公司内部的冲突”在对话中均未提及。

5 What are the speakers mainly talking about?

[A]【解析】对话开头就开门见山地介绍了一位口译嘉宾，接下来两人围绕着嘉宾的工作展开了一系列讨论。因此，选 A 项“一位口译者的工作”。

【干扰项排除】①选项均为名词短语，可推测问题可能与对话的主题相关。②对话中提到过口译者的压力，但这只是对话中的一部分，而且对话并未提及其他专业人士的压力问题，故 B 项“专业人士感受到的压力”排除；对话中虽然提到了口译中语言熟练的问题，但这不是对话的核心，C 项“语言熟练程度的重要性”太过片面；D项“有效沟通的最好方式”在对话中未提及。

6 What does the man think of Dana's profession?

[B]【解析】男士明确表明了他对 Dana 的工作充满了钦佩，故选 B 项“令人钦佩的”。【干扰项排除】①选项均为表主观感受的形容词，推测题目问态度或看法。②A 项“有希望的”、C 项“值得的”和 D 项“有意义的”均不是男士对女士工作的看法。

7 What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows?

[B]【解析】对话中，Dana 用一个双重否定句强调，她所认识的口译工作者都取得了专业资质，并经过专业训练。所以，B 项“他们都具有专业资质”正确。

【干扰项排除】①选项的主语都是 They，且均关于具备的某种素质或能力，听音时留意相关信息。②A 项“他们都对语言很感兴趣”不选，口译者们是否对语言有强烈的兴趣并未在对话中提及；女士并没有提到他们是否都通过了语言能力测试，故 C 项错误；而 D 项“他们都学习过跨文化差异”在对话中未提及。

8 What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?

[C]【解析】对话中，女士说大多数口译者都认为，与同声传译相比，交替传译更有压力，故选 C 项“它比同声传译更有压力”。

【干扰项排除】①选项主语均为 It,且每个句子都有表示比较的词汇，听音时注意有关对比的信息。②A 项“它要求更多的词汇量”和 B 项“它'更看重准确性”在对话中没有提及；根据对话，交替传译更考验人的短时记忆，D 项“它考验人在更大压力下的长时记忆”与此相悖，故应排除。

Section B 参考答案

9 What is the long-held view about mothers sleeping with newborn babies?

[C]【解析】录音首句就指出，多年来妈妈们一直被警告，与新生儿睡在一起不好，因为这会增加婴儿夜间意外死亡的风险，由此可选定 C 项。

【干扰项排除】①选项主语均为 It，且根据选项关键词 mother, infants 等可推测题目询问某事对妈妈、婴儿的影响。②A 项“它可能影响妈妈的健康”是以色列研究者得出的最新发现，而不是长期以来的一种观点；B项“它可能妨碍婴儿睡眠”和 D 项“它可能使妈妈精神上更加苦闷”在短文中未提及。

10 What do Israeli researchers' findings show?

[D]【解析】以色列研究者发现，即使与婴儿睡在同一个房间，也会对妈妈产生负面影响，D 项中的impact是文中consequence的同义替换，为正确答案。

【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 mothers、babies、 sleep 等可推测题目询问的是关于睡眠与妈妈或婴儿的关系。②录音中只是提到很多被调查的妈妈都是母乳喂养，并没有提及母乳喂养对妈妈睡眠的影响，A 项“母乳喂养的妈妈入睡更困难”没有依据；录音指出，与婴儿一起睡影响妈妈睡眠，B 项“与婴儿一起睡的妈妈每晚需要更多睡眠”属于过度推断；录音中只是提及爸爸的睡眠模式可能影响妈妈，但是 C 项“妈妈的睡眠模式极大地影响新生儿的健康”在短文中并未提及。

11 What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?

[B]【解析】为了减少婴儿猝死的风险，美国儿科学会建议妈妈们不要跟婴儿同床睡，但可以睡在一个房间，所以选 B 项。

【干扰项排除】①选项均为原形动词短语，推测问题可能与行为、动作有关。②A 项“改变睡眠模式以适应她们的新生宝宝”并不是儿科学会建议的内容；C 项“与宝宝睡在同一个家，但不同的房间”不符合美国儿科学会的建议；D 项“采取预防措施以减少婴儿猝死的风险”属过度推断，录音中没有涉及预防措施。

12 What do we learn from the report?

[A]【解析】短文讲的是很多美国本土语言濒临灭绝的困境，第一句话就指出，美国已经丢失了超过1/3 的本土语言，由此可选定 A 项“美国很多本土语言已经灭绝”。

【干扰项排除】①根据选项关鍵词 native languages， US, died out, preserve等可推测题目与美国本土语言的困境有关。②美国现有192 种语言濒临灭绝，但录音并未提及这个数字为世界之最，B 项“美国濒危语言的数量最多”属过度推断；美国印第安人国家博物馆的 Fred Nahwooksy 说，让这些濒危语言回归到日常使用正在进展当中，可排除 C 项“保护印第安语的努力被证明是徒劳的”；Fred Nahwooksy 也说到“我们需要需要钱使这些语言复活，而不仅仅是记录它们”，所以 D 项“需要更多的钱来记录美国的本土语言”可排除。

13 For what purpose does Fred Nahwooksy appeal for more funding?

[D]【解析】录音中引用美国原住民博物馆的 Fred 的话说“我们需要更多的资金并付出更大的努力以让这些语言重新回到日常使用中来……需要钱使这些语言复活，而不仅仅是记录它们”，可选定 D 项。

【干扰项排除】①选项均为不定式，推测问题与行为动作或目的相关。②A 项“建立更多的语言学校”属过度推断，文中指出通过学校教育可以拯救这些濒危语言，但没有提及创建更多新学校；B 项“记录濒危语言”是现有的做法，不是 Nahwooksy 呼吁的目的；C 项“教育美国土著孩子”是拯救濒危语言取得成效的途径之一，不是目的，也与更多资金没有直接的关联。

14 What is the historical cause of the decline in the American Indian Langua

ges?

[A]【解析】美国印第安语言的衰落有其历史根源：在19 世纪中叶，美国政府采取了美国化印第安儿童的政策，即将印第安人的孩子赶出他们的家园，将他们与其文化隔绝。由此，可选定 A 项。

【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 American, US government, Indian 等可推测问题与美国印第安人的情况有关。②B 项“美国印第安语没有取得官方地位”、C 项“美国政府不愿花钱教育印第安人”和 D“印第安人长期与外界隔绝”均利用个别原词拼凑而成，录音中都未提及。

15 What does the speaker say about television?

[C]【解析】就电视对于本土语言的危害，短文末尾指出，电视将英语带入家庭，挤掉传统的家庭讲故事时间，从而加速了本土语言的灭绝。C 项中的 speed up 与该句中的accelerating同义，为答案。

【干扰项排除】①选项均以 It 开头，且根据关键词 native languages 可预测问题关于某物与本土语言的关系。②A 项“它被利用来教授本土语言”和 D 项“它被广泛用于浸润式语言学校”在短文中均没有提及；而 B项“它在家庭聚会时间讲传统故事”与短文说法相悖，在家庭聚会时间讲传统故事是被电视挤掉的事情。

Section C 参考答案

16 How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?

[A]【解析】录音以 Rosen 为例讲述了美国失业者的困境，其前段提到，Rosen 借助失业保险购买日用品、支付房款，在找工作期间，失业保险支付他们原来工资的一半。因此 A 项“在找工作期间，失业保险支付他们原来工资的一半”正确。

【干扰项排除】①选项均以 It 开头，且根据关键词 pay, they, work, living expenses 等可推测题目与一群人的工作生活有关。②B 项“它给他们支付99 周的抵押贷款和医药费”没有在录音中提到；录音提到，失业保险后来中断了对 Rosen 的救助，表明救助是有时限的，故 C 项“它一直支付他们的生活费直到他们找到另一份工作”不准确；D 项“它提供给他们基本的生活必需品”在录音中找不到根据。

17 What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County CareerLink doi ng?

[B]【解析】录音中段 Elizabeth Walsh 表示，他们提供培训和指导以帮助失业者在当地谋差事，由此 B “为失业工人提供培训和指导”正确。

【干扰项排除】①由题目选项可知，本题可能与为失业工人提供的帮助有关。②A 项“为庞大的失业人群创造就业岗位”和 D 项“筹措资金帮助那些没有失业保险的人们”均与 Elizabeth Walsh 透露的信息无关。C 项“说服当地立法者延长失业救济”是99ers 联盟的目标，也不正确。

18 What does Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri say is the best w ay to help thelong-term unemployed?

[C]【解析】录音后段女士提到，Scott Petri 认为，要救助那些长期失业者，最好的办法是允许普通公民在当地建厂办公司，以创造更多就业岗位。因此 C 项“通过鼓励私人投资在当地建立企业来创造更多工作岗位”正确。

【干扰项排除】①选项均为不定式短语，推测问题与行为动作或目的相关。②A 项“提供给他们自主创业所需要的贷款”、B 项“允许他们延迟偿还每月的抵押贷款”以及 D 项“鼓励大公司重新雇用那些靠政府救济生活的人”三项表述均缺乏录音依据。

19 What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?

[D]【解析】录音开头就指出，Pen Huddle 及其团队在北冰洋上艰苦跋涉了3 个月，对冰进行测量和记录。由此可选定 D 项“他们对冰进行调查”。

【干扰项排除】①选项均以 They 开头，且描述的都是行为状态，推测题目询问的是某人群的相关行为。②A项“他们测量了海水的深度”、B 项“他们分析了水含量”和 C 项“他们勘探了海底”均与 Pen Huddle 和他的团队无关。

20 What does the report say about the Arctic region?

[D]【解析】录音前段女士指出，据最新的测量显示，极地冰的减少比人们先前想象的更为明显。D 项中的decrease 和 evident 分别对应录音中的 loss 和pronounced，故正确。

【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 ice 可推测本题与冰有关。②录音前段提到，覆盖在北冰洋的冰在10 年后大约会减少80%，而不是说 A 项“80%的冰在夏季消失”；B 项“大部分的冰是在过去的几百年累积成的”和 C项“冰确保了许多濒危物种的存活”在录音中并没有提及。

21 What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in his study?

[C] 【解析】录音中段明确指出，剑桥科学家 Peter Wadhams 认为北极冰的减少不可逆转，故 C 项“北极冰的减少不可逆”正确。

【干扰项排除】录音主要探讨了北极冰不断融化这一问题的严峻形势及产生原因，并呼吁人们采取措施予以阻止，至于北极冰的作用及融化的危害并没有提及，故 A 项“北极冰是世界淡水的主要来源”、B 项“融化的北极冰已经淹没了很多沿海城市”和 D 项“北极冰对人类生存至关重要”均无根据。

22 How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?

[D] 【解析】录音最后 Wadhams 明确表示，没有简单的技术手段能解决气候变化问题。

D 项中的solution对应录音中的 fix，故正确。

【干扰项排除】①四个选项都是关于 It 的情况，应注意听题目中 It 指代何物。②录音中指出全球气候变化，特别是全球变暖，是导致北极冰不断融化的主要原因之一，但并没有谈论它的其他危害，所以 A 项“它将给人类造成巨大伤害”属过度推断；B 项“理解它不容易”在录音中并未提及；根据 Wadhams 所言，核技术将是解决气候问题的方法之一，但气候变化是否必然推动核技术进步不得而知，故排除 C 项“它将推动核技术进步”。

23 What is the new study about?

[B]【解析】录音介绍了一项针对大约1000 名新西兰孩子展开的新研究，探究了一个孩子自制力差是如何预示其成年后健康状况差、经济困难甚至犯罪的。故选 B 项“孩子自制力与其未来成功的关系”。

【干扰项排除】①选项均为名词短语，推测问题可能与主题相关。②虽然这项新研究的调查对象是新西兰的孩子，但录音中没有证据证明新西兰的孩子自制力更好，故 A 项“为何新西兰的孩子似乎有更好的自制力”属过度推断；C 项“单亲家庭出来的孩子的健康问题”和 D 项“孩子学业成绩的决定性因素”都不是该研究的内容。

24 What does the study seem to show?

[D]【解析】录音后段指出，该研究表明父母一代自制力差可能会给下一代带来不利影响，因此 D 项“父母缺乏自制力对他们的孩子不利”正确。

【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 children, parents 等可推测题目与父母、子女关系有关。②女士提到，在 3 到10 岁有最差的自控力的孩子，在30 多岁的时候会有最多的健康问题，他们更可能有犯罪记录，并没有提到 A 项“单亲家庭出来的孩子在30 多岁会

经历一个困难期”和 B 项“有犯罪前科的人大部分来自单亲家庭”；C 项“父母必须学着在孩子面前有自制力”在录音中并未提及。

25 What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?

[A]【解析】录音最后指出，Moffitt 带来的好消息是父母或学校教育都可以帮助孩子养成好的自制力，故选 A项“可通过教育提高自制力”。

【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 Self-control, improve, detected, diminish等可推测题目与自制力的提高或解决有关。②该研究认为自制力差可能导致人们成年后经济状况困难，但没有表明自制力可以改善其经济状况，所以 B 项“自制力可以改善人们的经济状况”属于过度推断；C 项“自制力问题在孩子小的时候就可被察觉”和 D 项“自制力问题随着一个人的成长而消失”在录音中均未提及，属无中生有。

阅读参考答案

26 [A]空格位于句末，前面是副词 naturally 和主语 the question,因此应填入不及物动词，充当句子谓语。由 As 从句中 take on 所用的一般现在时，可知填入的动词应是第三人称单数。上文提到人们惧怕机器人缺乏道德界限(without a moral compass),空格后是具体的问题，因此本句应表示问题自然“出现，引起”，故arises 符合要求。另一个第三人称单数动词是 ascends“上升；攀登”，与 question 搭配不当。

27[D]由空格前的 the 和空格后的 of 可知此处应填入名词。介词 of 后是两个并列的名词结构：computational power“计算能力”和 engineering advances“工程学发展”。由此可知名词中combination“结合体”符合语义逻辑。

28 [F]空格位于助动词 will 和谓语动词 enable 之间，故应填入副词。本句表示某物能够降低残疾人的家庭护理费用。副词中符合语义逻辑的是eventually“终于，最终”。

29[O]空格在名词 use 之前，故应填入形空词或分词。本句的结构是... use of driverless cars andcountless... uses for robots,因此填入的词与 countless“无数的”语义相关，应指运用得“多”或“广”，故填入widespread“广泛的，普遍的”,指机器人最终将普遍运用在无人驾驶汽车、家用和服务业等方面。

30[C]空格处应填入分词或形容词，构成 be... to 的搭配。上文提到机器人最终会普遍运用，本句用 but 转折，提到 problems“问题”，接着下文列举了具体的问题，因此空格处填入 bound“肯定的，一定的”，指“问题肯定会有”。

31 [H]空格前的 will 表明此处应填入及物动词原形，与后面的名词privacy“隐私”构成搭配。invade“入侵，侵犯”符合要求，指无人机可能会“侵犯”别人的隐私。

32 [N]空格在 the 和 of 之间，故应填入名词。本句指陪审团对机器的……表示同情，会让企业家受到惩罚。上文说机器人会发生碰撞，无人机侵犯隐私，机器人割草机轧压邻居家的猫。这些都是机器的“受害者”，故victims “受害人，牺牲品”符合语义逻辑。

33 [J]空格前的 company-crushing 是复合形容词，表示“令公司压力大的，可摧毁公司的”，故应填入与damages “赔偿金”并列的名词，形式上也是复数，作 punish 的间接宾语。故 penalties“罚金”符合要求。

34 [K]空格前的 while 是连词，故应填入动名词形式。由宾语 space“空间”,可知搭配恰当的是preserving“保护，保留”，句子意为：政府在给创新“保留”空间时，应该做些什么来保护人们呢？

35[L]空格与过去分词 built 和 sold 并列，故也应是表被动的过去分词形式。本句指大型复杂系统(systems)应该由厂商创建……并销售。符合语义逻辑、并与 systems 搭配的是 programmed“规划”。

36 [F]【译文】昂贵的医保计划会被征税，因此大多数雇主可能会将用在医保上的支出转移到工资上来。

【定位解析】根据题目关键词 tax,health insurance plans, money 和 wages 定位到 F 段。该段倒数第 3 句指出，经济学家预计，大多数雇主会将用在医保上的支出转移到工资上来。题目中的transfer money是原文shift money 的同义转述，expensive health insurance plans 与原文 expensive healthbenefits 对应，同时题目复现了原文的 wages 一词，故答案为 F 段。

37[J]【译文】国会将通过或者否决全部的改革措施，这样说客就很难对立法者产生影响。【定位解析】根据题目关键词 Changes，be approved or rejected as a whole 和 lawmakers 査找到 J段最后一句。该句指出，国会只能通过或者否决全部的改革措施，这样一来，狭隘的利益游说集团将很难迫使立法者顺从他们的意愿。本题复现了原词 changes 及 be approved or rejected as a whole，题目中的influence lawmakers 是对原文bend lawmakers to their will 的同义转述，故答案为 J 段。

38 [A]【译文】美国医疗成本的上涨难以控制。

【定位解析】根据题目关键词 not easy 和 the rising medical costs 可査找到 A 段第3 句。该句指出，根本就不存在一个方案能够轻易地控制医疗成本的增加。题目中的 not easy 是对原文 no one has an easyfix 的同义转述，故答案为 A 段。

39 [G]【译文】标准的自动化处理流程可以帮助节省一大笔医疗开支。

【定位解析】根据题目关键词 standardization of forms for automatic processing 定位至 G 段。该段第2、3 句提到，其行业集团曾主动为自动化处理流程提供标准化的表格。该举措能在未来十年里节省上千亿美元。题目是对原文这两句的同义概括，故 G 段为答案。

40 [L]【译文】共和党和保险行业强烈反对设立公共医保计划。

【定位解析】根据题目关键词 republicans and the insurance industry，strongly opposed和 public insurance plan 定位到 L 段第1 句。该句指出，由于保险行业和共和党批评者的强烈反对，这个计划可能无法节省太多的钱。题目复现了原词insurance industry 和 public plan，而 strongly opposed是对原文 fierce opposition的同义转述，故 L 段为答案。

41 [H]【译文】把纸质病历转换为电子医疗记录可以帮助筛除不必要的检查，防止药物相互作用。

【定位解析】根据题目关键词 electronic records，redundant tests 和 drug interactions 定位到 H段。该段最后一句指出，电子医疗记录将能筛除不必要的检查、防止药物相互作用、帮助医生确定最佳治疗方案，以实现节省成本。题目中的conversion对应了原文的convert，故答案为 H 段。

42 [C]【译文】医疗服务的成本过高以及不必要的试验和诊疗推动医疗费用的上涨。

【定位解析】根据题目关键词 high cost，unnecessary tests and treatments 和 driven up 定位到 C段。本段指出，医疗费增长快的主要原因是医疗服务收费过高以及医院和医生会给病人安排多余的诊疗项目。题目中的 high cost 对应原文的 high prices, unnecessary tests and treatments 是对原文unnecessary care delivered... perform a lot more tests and treatments 的概括，而 driven up 对应文中的 rises,所以答案为 C 段。

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【定位解析】根据题目关键词 main factor, the amount of care 和 effect 定位至 I 段

第1 句。该句指出，医生的收入取决于提供服务的次数而非服务的质量或者效果，这是医疗成本如此之高的主要原因。题目中main factor与文中的primary reason 同义，the amount 对应原文的 the quantity，而 effect 对应文中的 effectiveness，故答案为 I 段。

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45 [k]【译文】公平竞争会促使保险公司降低产品定价。

【定位解析】根据题目关键词 a strong incentive和 insurers 定位到 K 段。该段最后一句指出，这种正面交锋会促使医保公司降低自家保险产品的定价。题目中的 charge less 是对原文 lower their prices 的同义转述，故 K 段为正确答案。

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【解析】C 项“其利大于弊”是对第2 段“那些健康危险远不及社会效益和经济贡献重要”的同义转换，符合文意。

【干扰项排除】A 项“其风险不能被高估”和 B 项“应完全禁止”在原文中无法找到依据；D 项“正使许多农田受到污染”，以原词 cropland 作干扰，但原文说的是用未经处理的污水对大约4900 万英亩农田进行灌溉和施肥，文中只是说这种做法有健康风险，不能直接得出结论“这些农田被这些污水污染了”，因此 D 项属过度推测。

47 [C]【定位】根据题目关键词 the use of wastewater for irrigation 可定位至第5 段。【解析】本题询问污水灌溉导致的主要问题,C 项“农民和消费者都可能受到有害细菌的影响”是对第5 段首句的概括，符合文意。

【干扰项排除】A 项“附近的河流和湖泊都将逐渐受到污染”属过度推断，原文第 4 段第2 句仅仅提到农田的灌溉水主要源于当地的河流或湖泊；原文虽有提及人们用人类排泄物代替化学肥料，但无法证明 B 项“利用污水灌溉会使化肥产商倒闭”;D 项“利用污水灌溉会减少农产品在市场上的竞争力”属于无中生有。

48[A]【定位】根据题干中的人名 Pay Drechsel 定位至第5 段末句。

【解析】本题考查的是 Pay Drechsel 对将未经处理的人类排泄物用于农业的态度，原文第 5 段末句提到他认为使用未经处理的人类排泄物灌溉农田所带来的社会和经济效益比其带来的健康危害重要。说明他支持这一做法，A 项“赞同的”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】询问观点态度的题目宜采用直选法，考生需准确感知人物观点。B 项“怀疑的”、C 项“冷漠的”以及 D 项“负责的”在文中皆无依据证明。

49 [B]【定位】根据题干中的人名 Pay Drechsel 及 the risks 定位至第6 段。

【解析】本题考查的是 Pay Drechsel 对未经处理的人类排泄物用于农业带来的风险的看法，第六段开头提到这个问题可以通过教育农民和消费者来解决,B 项的 dealt with 是原句 addressed 的同义转述，B 项“可通过教育规避其风险”是正确答案。

【干扰项排除】A 项“其风险有些被夸大”、C 项“利用新科技可使其风险最小化”和 D 项“其风险可通过改进卫生条件来规避”都不是 Pay Drechsel 对风险的看法。

50 [A]【定位】根据题干中的人名 James Bartram 定位至最后一段的最后一句。

【解析】本题考查的是 James Bartram 对人类排泄物用于农业的观点，原文最后他说稍加处理或没有经过处理的排泄物用于农业是有充分理由的，可见他认为将人类排泄物用于农

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