英语基本句型及其转换

英语基本句型及其转换

从根本上讲，根据句子中的动词，英语句型可以分为两大类，第一类是：主+谓+（宾语）句型，第二类是：主+系+表句型。

第一类句型中的谓语是一些常见的动词，比如sleep、play等等，第二类句型中的“系”就是“系动词”，主要包括is、am、are，也就是我们常说的“be动词”。

下边，我会就这两类句型分别介绍一下句型转换的基本规律。

另外还有就是Have和There be句型。

以下是以上三类句型的变换。

一，主+谓+（宾语）句型的变换

这一类句型的变换要借用助动词do的不同形式来完成，否定句用“don’t”或“doesn’t”，一般疑问句把“do”或者“does”提前放在句子的第一个词。比如：

例1：

肯定句：His sister often sleeps until 8. 他的姐姐经常睡到8点。

否定句：His sister doesn’t often sleeps until 8.

疑问句：Does his sister often sleep until 8.

例2：

肯定句：He heard the noise yesterday. 他昨天听到声音了。

否定句：He didn’t hear the noise yesterday. （这里需注意hear的词形变化，did或didn’t 后边要跟动词的原形）

疑问句：Did he hear the noise yesterday？

注意以上划下划线的部分。以上的句子都是由动词做谓语（sleep），所以句型变换要加do（第三人称要加does）。但是，如果原句中已经有了其他的助词，那么就不需要加do，而是直接加“not”来变成否定句，一般疑问句要把助动词提前。请看下边的例子：

例3：

肯定句：He has finished his work.（句子中有has，而不是play之类的常见动词，所以要加not变换句型。）否定句：He hasn’t finished his work.

一般疑问句：Has he finished his work？

例4：

肯定句：He can finished his work.他能做完工作。

否定句：He cannot finish his work.

疑问句：Can he finish his work？

下面我们来讨论怎样由肯定句变成特殊疑问句。这一类句型的特殊疑问句，是由疑问词（如what，who，whose，which，what，where，when，how，how long，how many，how much，why等）加上去掉了发问成分的一般疑问句构成。请看下边的例子。

陈述句：They watch television for an hour at home in the evening.

一般疑问句：Do they watch television for an hour at home in the evening?（所有词都没有变化，只是在句首加了一个“do”来变成一般疑问句，注意：第三人称要用“does”，过去时要用“did”）。

根据上面的陈述句，我们可以变换出五种不同类型的特殊疑问句，分别针对“什么”，“多久”，“什么时候”，“哪里”和“谁”进行发问。

特殊疑问句1：What do they watch for an hour at home in the evening at home？答案：Television

特殊疑问句2：How long do they watch for an hour in the evening at home？答案：An hour

特殊疑问句3：When do they watch television for an hour at home？答案：In the evening

特殊疑问句4：Where do they watch television for an hour in the evening？答案：At home

特殊疑问句5：Who watch television for an hour in the evening at home？答案：They

从上边5个例子中可以发现，问题的答案都要在变换成特殊疑问句时被去掉。需要注意的是第5个特殊疑问，答案是主语，所以不需要加“do”，只用“who”代替主语就可以了，其他不发生变化。

二，主+系+表句型

下边是几个这类句子的常见例子：

His sister is a doctor.

His sister is young and beautiful.

She is in the hospital.

从以上的3个例句中可以看出，这类句型也是由主语和谓语构成，其中谓语部分就是我们常说的be动词（包括is，am，are等）和表语（表语包括名字、形容词或介词短语等）。

这类句型的肯定句变化比较简单，直接在“be”后边加“not”。以上边的三个句子为例：否定句分别为：His sister is not a doctor.

His sister is not young and beautiful.

She is not in the hospital.

这类句型的一般疑问句将“be”提前到主语前构成：

Is his sister a doctor？

Is his sister young and beautiful？

Is shi in the hospital？

特殊疑问句的变法是将疑问词放在句首，加上去掉问题答案部分（也就是发问部分）的一般疑问句构成。

What is his sister？

How is his sister？

Where is she？

Who is a doctor？

Whose sister is young and beautiful？

三，Havee和There be句型

Have句型

肯定句：He has a happy family.

否定句：He doesn’t have a happy family.（加do的否定式）He hasn’t a happy family.（直接加not）

一般疑问句：Does he have a happy family？（加do提问）Has he a happy family？（直接把has提前）

There be句型

肯定句：There are three families in the house.

否定句：There are not three families in the house.

一般疑问句：Are there three families in the house？

There be 句型的特殊疑问句由疑问词引发出无答案成分的一般疑问句构成：

特殊疑问句：How many families are there in this house？答案：Three

特殊疑问句：What are there in the house？答案：Three families.

四，总结

综上所述，掌握句型变化的规律，首先应该了解以上3种主要句型的构成，然后在此基础上掌握变化的规律。其实，最关键的是，多读各种类型的句子，特别是各种疑问句，形成语感后就不需要总考虑变化的规律是什么了！

以上只是一些表面说明，也许还会有不详尽的地方，多针对语法书或者教材中的语法讲解，多读多练，一定会有进步的。不管学习英语还是其他科目，要相信自己！不过英语学习的一个关键就在于多读，大声的读.

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