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2018年第一季度《基础护理学》5--9章试题(A卷)

2018年第一季度《基础护理学》5--9章试题(A卷)
2018年第一季度《基础护理学》5--9章试题(A卷)

2018年第一季度《基础护理学》

5--9章试题(A卷)

科室: 姓名:分数:

一、名词解释:(每题 5 分共 10 分)

1、潮式呼吸:潮式呼吸又称陈-施呼吸,施一种呼吸由浅慢逐渐变为深快,然后再由深快转为浅慢,再经一段呼吸暂停(5~30s)后,又开始重复以上的周期性变化,其形态如潮水起伏。

2、职业暴露:是指从业人员由于职业关系而暴露在有害因素中,从而有可能损害健康或危及生命的一种状态。

二、单选题:(每题 2 分共 44 分)

1、肩部约束带主要限制病员(D)

A 上肢活动

B 头颈部活动

C 肢体活动

D 坐起

2、下列需用保护具的患者是(D )

A 大手术后

B 不配合治疗患者

C 精神病病人

D 谵妄躁动

3、肺心病病人的皮肤粘膜的颜色是( C)

A苍白B、发红C、发绀D、色素沉着

4、为右上肢骨折患者脱、穿衣的方法是(D )

A先脱右肢,先穿右肢B先脱右肢,先穿左肢

C先脱左肢,先穿左肢D先脱左肢,先穿右肢。

5、有人床换床单的错误操作是(B)

A松被尾,助患者侧卧B将枕和患者一同移向对侧

C松近侧各层单并卷入患者身下D扫床后按顺序换单

6、一女病员,60岁,卧床3 周,近日骶尾部皮肤破溃,护士仔细观察后认为是压疮浅溃疡期,支持其判断的典型表现(C)

A病人主诉骶尾部疼痛,麻木感B骶尾部皮肤呈紫红色、皮下有硬结C创面湿润有脓性分泌物D皮肤上有大小水泡,水泡破溃湿润

7、危重病人最佳的晨间护理程式序是(D)

A口腔护理→皮肤护理→给予大小便器→扫床或换床单

B口腔护理→皮肤护理→扫床或换床单→给予大小便器

C给予大小便器→扫床或换床单→口腔护理→皮肤护理

D给予大小便器→口腔护理→皮肤护理→扫床或换床单

8、检查某一病人右下肢时,可见肢体在床面上移动位置但不能抬起,其肌力为(B)

A 1级

B 2级

C 3级

D 4级

E 5级

9、下列哪项不是睡眠时的生理变化(D )

A呼吸、心理减慢且规则B血压、体温下降

C感觉功能暂时减退D肌肉逐渐紧张。

10、对病人活动能力的评估不包括(A)

A饮食型态 B 心肺功能状态 C机体活动能力

D 骨骼肌肉的状态 E病人目前的患病情况

11、活动受限对运动系统的影响不包括下列哪项(C)

A腰背痛 B 关节僵硬C压疮 D手足废用 E骨质疏松

12、缺少休息可产生的身体症状是(A )

A疲倦、劳累B注意力下降C神经质D易激动

13、体温上升期患者的表现为(B)

A 畏寒、皮肤潮红、无汗

B 畏寒、皮肤苍白、无汗

C 畏寒、皮肤苍白、出汗

D 畏寒、皮肤潮湿、出汗

E 畏寒、皮肤潮红、出汗

14、不宜测肛温的病人是(C)

A 昏迷

B 热坐浴

C 极度瘦弱

D 呼吸困难

E 口鼻手术

15、可使血压测得值偏低的因素使(D)

A.病人情绪激动 B.在寒冷环境中测量 C.缠袖带过松

D.所测肢体位置高于心脏水平E.袖带太窄

16、属于节律性异常的呼吸是(E)

A呼吸过速 B深度呼吸 C鼾声呼吸 D蝉鸣样呼吸 E潮式呼吸17、代谢性酸中毒患者异常表现为( C)

A吸气呼吸困难 B呼气呼吸困难 C呼吸深大而规则 D呼吸浅表而不规则

18、炎症早期用热的主要目的是( A)

A 扩张局部血管

B 改善血液循环

C 促进炎症吸收和消散

D 增加百细胞的吞噬功能

19、某人下楼时不慎踝关节扭伤,1h后来门诊就诊,正确的处理方法是(B )

A 热水局部浸泡

B 冷敷

C 热敷

D 先热敷10min后再冷敷

20、下列冷疗法中,错误的做法是(B )

A 扁桃体摘除术后冰囊置于颌下

B 脑水肿病员头部降温,体温维持在30℃以下 C乙醇拭浴病人出现寒战,发冷立即停止操作

D化学制冷袋冷敷嗅到氨味应立即更换

21、乙醇拭浴的浓度(B )

A 25%~35%

B 30%~50%

C 60%~70%

D 25%~30%

22、高热病人降温而采用乙醇拭浴时,下列方法哪项是正确的(B )

A 头部放热水袋,足部放冰袋

B 拭浴时以离心方向向边缘边擦边按摩

C 擦至胸腹时动作轻柔

D 擦后10min测量体温

三、填空题:(每空 0.5分共 26 分)

1、特殊口腔护理常用于(高热)、(昏迷)、(危重)、(禁食)、(鼻饲)、(口腔疾患)、(术后生活不能自理)的病人。一般每日( 2—3 )次。

2、压疮的分期是(淤血红润期)(炎性浸润期)(浅度溃疡期)(坏死溃疡期)。

3、影响患者安全的因素(患者的因素)、(医务人员的因素)、(医院环境因素)、(诊疗方面的因素)。

4、长期卧床导致呼吸系统的两大合并症是(坠积性肺炎)、(二氧化碳潴留)。

5、肿瘤性发热一般为(不规则热),伤寒病人常见的热型为(稽留热)。

6、颅内压增高的病人可出现的脉搏是(缓脉),心房纤颤病人的脉搏可为(脉搏短绌)。

7、测血压时,袖带缠得太松,血压的测量值(偏高);袖带缠得太紧,血压测量值(偏低)。

8、温水擦浴是通过(蒸发)和(传导)的作用增加机体散热,用于(高热病人)降温。温水的温度( 10-30min)。

9、冰帽与冰槽常用于(头部降温),防止(脑水肿),并可(降低脑细胞的代谢),减少其(需氧量),提高脑细胞对缺氧的(耐受性)。

10、发现患者在病房内猝死,应迅速(做出准确判断),第一发现者不要

(离开患者),应立即(行胸外心脏按压)、(人工呼吸)等急救措施。

11、晨间护理时应注意检查(病人皮肤受压)情况,注意观察(病情),了解病人夜间睡眠的情况,进行(心理护理)和(健康指导)。晚间护理应为病人创造良好的(睡眠)环境。

12、预防压疮的关键在于消除其发生的诱因。因此,要求护士在工作中做到七勤:(勤观察)(勤翻身)(勤按摩)(勤擦洗)(勤更换)(勤整理)(勤交待)。

13、标准预防有3个基本内容(隔离对象)、(防护)、(隔离措施)。

四、简答题:(每题10分共20分)

1、简述预防压疮的主要措施?

(1)避免局部长时间受压①应鼓励和协助病人翻身变换卧位,一般不超过4小时,床头放置翻身记录卡,并注意翻身时不可拖、拉、推。②根据病情可在骨隆突处和支持身体空隙处垫软枕、海绵垫。使支持体重的面积宽而均匀,从而降低在隆突部位皮肤上所受到的压强。③对使用石膏、夹板、牵引的病人,衬垫应松软适度,并注意观察局部皮肤和肢端皮肤的变化情况,以及病人的反应。

(2)避免潮湿、摩擦及排泄物的刺激:①保持皮肤清洁干燥②不可使用破损的便盆,以防止擦伤皮肤。(3)增进局部血液循环。根据情况可选用全背按摩、局部按摩或电动按摩器按摩。(4)增进营养的摄入。在病情许可下给予高蛋白、高维生素膳食,以增强机体抵抗力和组织修复能力。

2、为昏迷病人进行口腔护理时的注意事项?

①首先使昏迷病人侧卧或仰卧头偏向一侧。②病人牙关紧闭需用开口器时,应从臼齿处放入,并注意不可用暴力。③擦洗口腔时需用血管钳夹紧棉球,每次只夹一个,防止棉球遗留于口腔内,棉球不可过湿,以防止病人将液体吸入呼吸道。

④口腔擦洗之后禁忌漱口。⑤发现痰多时要及时吸出。⑥昏迷病人有假牙要取出,侵入冷清水中,并于每天清晨更换清水一次。

概率——列表法

25.2 用列表法求概率 (一)用列表法求概率 1.(2017-云南中考)在一个不透明的盒子中,装有3个分别写有数字6,-2,7的小球,它们的形状、大小、质地完全相同,搅拌均匀后,先从盒子里随机取出1个小球,记下小球上的数字后放回盒子,搅拌均匀后再随机取出1个小球,再记下小球上的数字。 (1)用列表法写出所有可能出现的结果;(2)求两次取出的小球上的数字相同的概率P. 2.(2016-昆明中考)甲、乙两个不透明的口袋,甲口袋中装有3个分别标有数字1,2,3的小球,乙口袋中装有2个分别标有数字4,5的小球,它们的形状、大小完全相同,现随机从甲口袋中摸出一个小球记下数字,再从乙口袋中摸出一个小球记下数字. (1)请用列表的方法,表示出两次所得数字可能出现的所有结果;(2)求出两个数字之和能被3整除的概率. 3.(2009-云南中考)在一个不透明的纸箱里装有红、黄、蓝三种颜色的小球,它们除颜色外完全相同,其中红球有2个,黄球有1个,蓝球有1个. 现有一张电影票,小明和小亮决定通过摸球游戏定输赢(赢的一方得电影票).游戏规则是:两人各摸1次球,先由小明从纸箱里随机摸出1个球,记录颜色后放回,将小球摇匀,再由小亮随机摸出1个球.若两人摸到的球颜色相同,则小明赢,否则小亮赢.这个游戏规则对双方公平吗?请你利用列表法说明理由.

4.(2016-云南中考)某超市为庆祝开业举办大酬宾抽奖活动,凡在开业当天进店购物的顾客,都能获得一次抽奖的机会,抽奖规则如下:在一个不透明的盒子里装有分别标有数字1、2、3、4的4个小球,它们的形状、大小、质地完全相同,顾客先从盒子里随机取出一个小球,记下小球上标有的数字,然后把小球放回盒子并搅拌均匀,再从盒子中随机取出一个小球,记下小球上标有的数字,并计算两次记下的数字之和,若两次所得的数字之和为8,则可获得50元代金券一张;若所得的数字之和为6,则可获得30元代金券一张;若所得的数字之和为5,则可获得15元代金券一张;其他情况都不中奖.(1)请用列表的方法,把抽奖一次可能出现的结果表示出来;(2)求能中奖的概率P. 5.(2015-云南中考)现有一个六面分别标有数字1,2,3,4,5,6且质地均匀的正方体骰子,另有三张正面分别标有数字1,2,3的卡片(卡片除数字外,其它都相同).先由小明投骰子一次,记下骰子向上一面出现的数字,然后由小王从三张背面朝上放置在桌面上的卡片中随机抽取一张,记下卡片上的数字. (1)请用列表的方法,求出骰子向上一面出现的数字与卡片上的数字之积为6的概率; (2)小明和小王做游戏,约定游戏规则如下:若骰子向上一面出现的数字与卡片上的数字之积大于7,则小明赢;若骰子向上一面出现的数字与卡片上的数字之积小于7,则小王赢.问小明和小王谁赢的可能性更大?请说明理由. 6.(2015-昆明中考)小云玩抽卡片和转转盘游戏,有两张正面分别标有数字1,2的 不透明卡片,背面完全相同;转盘被平均分成3个相等的扇形,并分别标有数字-1, 3,4(如图所示);小云把卡片背面朝上洗匀后从中随机抽出一张,记下卡片上的数 字;然后转动转盘,转盘停止后,记下指针所在区域的数字(若指针在分格线上,则 重转一次,直到指针指向某一区域为止)。 (1)请用列表的方法,表示出两次所得数字可能出现的所以结果;(2)求出两个数字之积为负数的概率

2018年高考全国卷英语模拟题

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2018年英语高考2卷 试题及答案

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2 / 18

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2018年高考模拟英语试卷2 A Travel experts across the globe publish much-anticipated lists that aim to excite readers about upcoming travel trends. Here is a 2018 list that urges travelers to explore new cities, try new food, experience new cultures and gain new views. Chile This long, skinny slice of South America successfully packs a powerful punch, with strange charms in Valparaiso, excellent wine in the Maipo Valley and diverse landscapes across the Arcadian Desert, Chilean Patagonia and Easter Island. Flying is the most convenient way to get around, but flights are not cheap. Buses are more wallet-friendly, and Chile’s bus system is efficient, but bus journeys can easily take 17 to 36 hours. Montenegro The country’s coastline is its best feature, and its winding c oastal roads and mountain-meets-ocean scenery create the perfect background for a road trip. Sleepy seaside towns along the Bay of Kotor are home to mom-and-pop restaurants and elegant hotels, while the walled city of Koror offers views of the classic red rooftops of the Adriatic. Madagascar Madagascar,the world’s fourth-largest island one of the most biodiverse (生物多样的) places on the planet, has been rapidly affected by climate change. Visiting the country can serve as an educational opportunity for travelers who want to understand the bad effects of global warming and irresponsible human actions, Some can’t-miss experiences in Madagascar include swimming and snorkeling around Nosy Be, spotting lemurs (狐猴) in Ranomafana National Park, admiring the rocky landscapes of Isalo National Park and a sunset walk along the Avenue of the Baobabs. Abu Dhabi, the UAE After 10 years of planning and nearly $2 billion in costs, the Louvre Abu Dhabi celebrated its grand opening on Nov. 11, 2017. Now, lovers of art and architecture are racing to the United Arab Emirates’ capital to sec its newest feat of modern design - the product of French architect Jean Nouvel. The Louvre Abu Dhabi’s slogan, “see humanity in a new light”, draws attention to the museum^ mission to emphasize the commonalities and celebrate the differences between Eastern and Western art. While in Abu Dhabi, travelers can also check out the city’s other famous architectural wonder - Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque - which was rated the worlds second-best landmark in TripAdviso r’s 2017 Travelers’ Choice Awards. 1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of travelling by bus in Chile? A. It is very expensive. B. It may not help you save time, C. Buses don’t run at busy hours. D. Buses are always very crowded. 2. What do you know about travelling in Madagascar from the passage? A. If$ much cheaper lo go around by bus than by plane. B. You can take a good trip along the beautiful coastal roads. 1

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