中国文化概论英文版Unit8答案
Unit 8 Chinese Literature
Warm-up Activity
Questions for discussion:
1)Look at the following pictures. They are all illustrations of the famous stories
of the four great novels of Chinese literature. Do you know or can you tell any of these stories?
a.
Story 1:
颐和园长廊上的彩绘：桃园三结义
2008-04拍摄，绘画年代大约于19世纪末
Oath of the Peach Garden
The Oath of the Peach Garden (桃园三结义) was an oath in the historical novel
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, by which the three warriors Liu Bei, Guan Y u, and Zhang Fei became sworn brothers in a ceremony amid peach blossom trees. The original goal of the Peach Garden Oath was to protect the Han Dynasty from the Yellow Turbans. This act bound the three key men of the future Shu-Han Kingdom of China and is often alluded to as a symbol of fraternal loyalty. Nothing in historical records suggest such an event happened, though the three were noted to be close, to the point of sharing the same bed.
The oath, as it appears in the Wikisource translation of Romance of the Three Kingdoms/Chapter 1, was this:
When saying the names Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, although the surnames are different, yet we have come together as brothers. From this day forward, we shall join forces for a common purpose, and come to each other's aid in times of crisis. We shall avenge the nation from above, and pacify the citizenry from below. We seek not to be born on the same day, in the same month and in the same year. We merely hope to die on the same day, in the same month and in the same year. May the gods of heaven and earth attest to what is in our hearts. If we should ever do anything to betray our friendship, may the gods in heaven strike us dead.
In many other translations, only the section dealing with "dying on the selfsame day" is present. However, the three brothers do not die on the same day: Guan Yu is executed by Sun Quan, Zhang Fei is assassinated by his own men whom he treated with cruelty, and Liu Bei dies of illness after the disastrous attempts to avenge Guan Yu and reclaim the province of Jing.
The oath inspired the present day secret societies in Chinese communities, such as the Triad, to use a similar ritual when swearing in new members. "Though not born on the same day of the same month in the same year, we hope to die so" — the phrase the three brothers made during the oath —had also become popular among the present day secret society members. （392 words）
(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/51236956.html,/wiki/Oath_of_the_Peach_Garden)
Story 2:
颐和园长廊彩绘中的徐庶荐诸葛（三顾茅庐）故事
2008-04拍摄，绘画年代大约于19世纪末
Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage
After they had become sworn brothers at Taoyuan, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei made concerted efforts to restore the Han Dynasty. But they felt that it would be impossible to do it without the help of a smart adviser. The Liu-Guan-Zhang alliance later won one battle after another thanks to the advice of Xu Shu. But before long, Xu had to surrender to the opposing camp of Cao Cao in order to save the life of his mother who was abducted by the Cao troops. Before he left, Xu Shu recommended Zhuge Liang to the brothers.
Accompanied by Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, Liu Bei went to Wolonggang in Longzhong in the hope of inviting Zhuge Liang to be their military adviser. But Zhuge's servant said: "The Mentor left in the morning." Liu Bei asked the servant to forward to Zhuge Liang his message that the brothers had come to visit him. After that, Liu rode his horse away, returning home sullenly. A few days later when he learned that Zhuge Liang was at home, Liu Bei went for another visit along with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. The servant said: "The Mentor is reading books at his thatched cottage." Liu requested to see him. When they learned that the one reading books at the thatched cottage was not Zhuge Liang himself but his brother Zhuge Jun, the Liu-Guan-Zhang brothers left a letter to express their admiration and then braved heavy snows to return home.
Not long after they returned to their barracks at Xinye, Liu Bei wanted to visit Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage once more. But Guan Y u dissuaded Liu from going by saying that perhaps Zhuge Liang was not as smart as expected and that he was simply dodging the visiting brothers for that. Zhang Fei said: "You don't need to go. I'll tie him up and force him to come and see you instead." Liu Bei lost no time in telling his brothers the story of King Wen bent on visiting one of his subjects called Jiang Ziya. Liu, Guan and Zhang, therefore, paid a third visit to Wolonggang. They had no sooner arrived than the servant said: "The Mentor is sleeping." Liu Bei waited until Zhuge Liang was awake and dressed . Finally, he consented to see the brothers. Liu Bei paid three visits to the thatched cottage without complaint. He finally succeeded in inviting Zhuge Liang to be his military adviser and to help the brothers in their cause. (416 words)
三顾茅庐
《三国演义》中的故事。刘备、关羽、张飞自桃园结义后，虽整天东奔西跑，但因缺少谋士，总觉得恢复汉朝天下无望。后来得徐庶帮助，连打胜仗。徐庶为救母无奈去了曹营。临走推荐了诸葛亮。
一日，刘备带关羽、张飞来到隆中卧龙冈，想请诸葛亮出山。小僮说："先生今早出去了。"刘备让僮子转告先生说他来访，然后拉马闷闷不乐地回去了。又过了数日，刘备控得诸葛亮已回家，便同关、张二次来访。僮子说："先生正在草堂看书。"刘备求见后得知不是诸葛亮，而是其弟诸葛钧。于是留下一封信，表达敬慕之情。兄弟三人又冒雪回去了。
回到新野不久，刘备想再次去请诸葛亮。关羽劝说："可能诸葛亮没本事，怕见我们。张飞则说：你们别去了，我用绳子捆来。刘备忙讲了当年文王访姜子牙的故事。兄弟三人又第三次来到卧龙冈。他们一到，小僮忙说："先生在睡觉。"刘备一直等到诸葛亮睡醒后更衣相见。刘备不辞劳苦，三顾顾庐，终于请出诸葛亮出山辅佐，共图大业。
背景知识：三顾茅庐--成语典故内容和出处
明朝三顾茅庐图长廊彩绘故事：三顾茅庐
颐和园长廊彩绘中的徐庶荐诸葛故事
三顾茅庐或三顾草庐是指中国东汉末年刘备三次到诸葛亮住处请他出山辅佐自己的事件。此事件最早见于诸葛亮的《出师表》，该文提到刘备“三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激”。《三国志》中对此仅有“凡三往，乃见”的简略记述[1]。《三国演义》[2] 对此事件进行了扩写。三顾茅庐后来成为形容求贤若渴的成语。
建安十二年（207年）冬至十三年（208年）春，当时驻军新野的刘备在徐庶的建议下，三次到隆中拜访诸葛亮。前两次都没见到诸葛亮，第三次终于相见。谈话中，诸葛亮为刘备分析了天下形势，提出先取荆州为家，再取益州成鼎足之势，继而图取中原的战略构想，这就是著名的《隆中对》。三顾茅庐之后，诸葛亮出山成为刘备的军师。刘备集团后来的种种攻略皆本于此。
成语典故出处
“先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。”--诸葛亮《前出师表》
2)Do you think the TV serials adapted from these great works match the original very well? Any
disappointments, regrets or satisfaction?
3)Which medium of literature do you prefer, audio-video or paper text? Please explain your
reasons.
4)Is it necessary for us to distinguish between the real history and the fictional one?Why?
5)In which respects does the novel(or the characters of the novel) have connection with the core
values of feudal society of China? Which core value(s) has/have become the cultural legacy of Chinese nation?
Section A Cultural Treasures
Task1.略
Task2.
Proverbs Derived from Romance of the Three Kingdoms Translation Chinese Interpretation
Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage 三顾茅庐
to repeatedly request somebody
to take up a responsible post
Recklessness leads to the losing of Jingzhou 大意失荆州
suffer a major setback as a result
of negligence；failed because of
carelessness.Carelessness leads
to failure.
The relationship between a husband and a wife is like a piece
of garment; if the garment is torn, it can be mended. The relationship between two brothers is like a limb; if a limb is broken, it cannot be repaired. 夫妻如衣服,
兄弟如手足
It is much easier for a husband
and his wife to reconcile after a
quarrel but that is much harder in
the case of two siblings.
Liu Bei "borrows" Jingzhou –borrowing without returning. 刘备借荆州—
有借无还
There are some people who
borrow things from you and do
not return them.
Speak of Cao Cao and Cao Cao arrives; Speak of the devil. 说曹操，曹操到
说曹操曹操就到
Equivalent to speak of the devil,
when someone who is being
spoken about appears.
Three reeking tanners (are enough to) overcome one Zhuge Liang. 三个臭皮匠,
胜过一个诸葛亮
Three inferior people can
overpower a superior person
when they combine their
strength.
Losing your wife and your army. 赔了夫人又折兵Making double losses in a deal or losing on both sides of it.
Eastern Wu arranges for a marriage that turns from fake into real. 东吴招亲——
弄假成真
Putting on a show (to deceive
someone) but the events in the
"show" become reality
unexpectedly.
The young shouldn't read Water Margin while the old shouldn't read Three Kingdoms 少不读水滸,
老不读三國
The former depicts the lives of
outlaws and their defiance of the
social system, and may have a
negative influence on young
boys. The latter presents every
manner of stratagem and fraud,
which is thought to potentially
tempt the older readers.
A Dou that cannot be held up 扶不起的阿斗Sb. that can never become an outstanding person even with the strong support of other people
I'd rather let others down than to allow others to let me down; Better to wrong the world than have it wrong me 宁我负人，
毋人负我；
宁教我負天下人，
休教天下人負我
Do anything possible to others to
fulfill one’s ambition no matter
what means to use
Oath of the Peach Garden 桃园结义People vow to unite together in private for a common goal
Long divided must unite, long
united must divide
分久必合， 合久必分 An inevitable law for things to develop, united or divided; also implying that things tend to change after long Using straw boats to borrow
arrows
草船借箭 Apply one ’s brain and intellect rather than act recklessly to overcome difficulties I enjoy life here and do not think
of Shu at all. 乐不思蜀； 此间乐，不思蜀
Sb. indulge/enjoy oneself in doing sth. too much to return to normal or should-be life Taking five passes and killing six generals 过五关斩六将 Overcome many difficulties at a stretch by wit, bravery, loyalty
Riding alone for thousands of miles 千里走单骑 Accomplish an achievement
alone by wit, bravery, belief
All is ready except east wind 万事具备， 只欠东风 All is ready except what is crucial; Man proposes, God disposes
Zhou Yu beats Huang Gai —One is willing to beat, and the other is willing to suffer. 周瑜打黄盖，一个愿打，一个愿挨 A wonderful case of one of the
36 stratagems ―deceiving the enemy by torturing one's own man‖, also expressed as ―winning the trust by injuring
one ’s own body ‖
歇后语：a two-part allegorical saying, of which the first part, always stated, is descriptive, while the second part, sometimes unstated, carries the message.
百科词典
以下结果来自爱词霸汉语 歇后语是中国人民在生活实践中创造的一种
特殊语言形式，是一种短小、风趣、形象的语
句。它由前后两部分组成：前一部分起“引子”
作用，像谜语，后一部分起“后衬”的作用，
像谜底，十分自然贴切。在一定的语言环境中，
通常说出前半截，“歇”去后半截，就可以领
会和猜想出它的本意，所以就称为歇后语。
基本概念 歇后语是俗语的一种，多为群众熟悉的语言。俗语包括谚语、熟语和歇后语三种形式，歇后语形式上是半截话，采用这种手法制作的
联语就是“歇后语”。歇后语是中国人民在生活实践中创造的一种特殊语言形式。它一般由两个部分组成，前半截是形象的比喻，像谜面，后半截是解释、说明，像谜底，十分自然贴切。在一定的语言环境中，通常说出前半截，“歇”去后半截，就可以领会和猜想出它的本意，所以称它为歇后
语。 歇后语具有鲜明的民族特色，浓郁的生活气息幽默风趣，耐人寻味，为广大人民所喜闻乐见。
Task3.Questions for discussion:
Section B Cultural Knowledge Carding
Task1. Read the following passage as a summary of Chinese literature before late Qing Dynasty.
Task2.Write down the Chinese equivalents to the following words or terms underlined in the passage.
1)(明朝) the Ming Dynasty
2)(木板印刷) woodblock printing
3)(唐朝) Tang Dynasty
4)(活字印刷) movable type printing
5)(宋朝) Song Dynasty
6)(白话文学) baihua literature
7)(古典文学) classical literature
8)(东周王朝) Eastern Zhou Dynasty
9)(《易经》) I Ching
10)(伏羲) Fu Xi
11)(《诗经》) The Classic of Poetry
12)(《礼记》) The Record of Rites
13)(《春秋》编年史) The Spring and Autumn Annals
14)(《论语》) The Analects of Confucius
15)(《淮南子》) Huainanzi
16)(道教) Taoism
17)(诸子百家) the Hundred Schools of Thought
18)(战国时期) the Warring States Period
19)(春秋时期)Spring and Autumn periods
20)(《石钟山记》) Record of Stone Bell Mountain
21)(白话小说) Vernacular fiction
Task 3. Fill in the blank with the author and/or the book title of the following great works of Chinese literature:
1)Eight Great Literary Masters of the Tang and Song (Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty)
(唐宋八大家):
1)( 韩愈);
2)( 柳宗元);
3)( 欧阳修);
4)( 苏辙); 5)( 苏轼);
6)( 苏洵);
7)( 王安石);
8)( 曾巩).
2)Classic Novels:
（聊斋志异）Strange Stories from a
Chinese Studio by ( 蒲松龄) ;
（金瓶梅）The Plum in the Golden Vase by
( 兰陵笑笑生);
（封神演义）The Investiture of the
Gods by ( 陈仲琳或许仲琳);
（醒世姻缘传）The Story of a Marital
Fate to Awaken the World by ( 西周生);
（儒林外史）The Scholars by ( 吴敬
梓);
（东周列国志）The Romance of the
Eastern Zhou by ( 冯梦龙), edited by （蔡元放）;
3)Classic Dramas:
（西厢记）Romance of the West
Chamber by ( 王实甫);
（窦娥冤）The Injustice to Dou E by
( 关汉卿);
（玉簪记）Yuzanji by ( 高濂);
（灰兰记）Hui Lan Ji by ( 李行
道);
（牡丹亭）The Peony Pavilion by
( 汤显祖);
Task4. Read the following poem carefully and write down the original Chinese lines.
Drinking Alone by Moonlight (月下独酌, pinyin: Yuè Xià Dú Zhuó)
Translated by Arthur Waley 举杯邀明月， A pot of wine, under the flowering trees;
独酌无相亲。I drink alone, for no friend is near.
举杯邀明月，Raising my cup I beckon the bright moon,
对影成三人。For her, with my shadow, will make three people.
月既不解饮，The moon, alas, is no drinker of wine;
影徒随我身。Listless, my shadow creeps about at my side.
暂伴月将影，Yet with the moon as friend and the shadow as slave
行乐须及春。I must make merry before the Spring is spent.
我歌月徘徊，To the songs I sing the moon flickers her beams;
我舞影零乱。In the dance I weave my shadow tangles and breaks.
醒时同交欢，While we were sober, three shared the fun;
醉后各分散。Now we are drunk, each goes their way.
永结无情游，May we long share our eternal friendship,
相期邈云汉。And meet at last on the paradise.
Task5.Question for discussion:
Section C Legend Time
Task1.
Task2. Question for discussion.
Task3.
Task4. Question for discussion.
Section D.
Task1. Translate the above underlined sentences into Chinese.
1. The late Qing was a period of intellectual ferment sparked by a sense of national crisis. Intellectuals began to seek solutions to China's problems outside of its own tradition.
译文：晚清是一个由民族危机所激发的知识界骚动不安的时期。知识分子开始在国家传统范畴之外去寻求国家问题的解决之道。
2. The late Qing also saw a "revolution in poetry" (诗界革命), which promoted experimentation with new forms and the incorporation of new registers of language.
译文：晚清也经历了一场“诗界革命”，它促成了语言新形式的实验和新语域的生成。
3. These poets would become the objects of scorn by New Culturalists like Hu Shi, who saw their work as overly allusive, artificial, and divorced from contemporary reality.
译文：这些诗人将受到胡适这样的新文化运动倡导者的鄙视，其作品会被视为极度引经据典和矫揉造作，并和当代现实完全脱离。
4. This entertainment fiction would later be labeled "Mandarin Ducks and Butterfly" fiction by New Culturalists, who despised its lack of social engagement.
译文：这种娱乐性小说后来被新文化运动倡导者冠以“鸳鸯蝴蝶派”小说，因其未能反映社
会现实而受到鄙视。
5. In terms of literary practice, Lu Xun (1881–1936) is usually said to be the first major stylist in the new vernacular prose that Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu were promoting.
译文：就文学实践而言，鲁迅通常被称为胡适和陈独秀所倡导的新白话文学的第一个主要文体家。
6. Given that there was no tradition of writing poetry in the vernacular, these experiments were more radical than those in fiction writing and also less easily accepted by the reading public.
译文：由于诗歌没有白话创作的传统，这些实验就比小说写作更为激进，且更不容易为阅读公众所接受。
7. These writers generally tackled domestic issues, such as relations between the sexes, family, and friendship, but they were revolutionary in giving direct expression to female subjectivity.
译文：这些作家一般反映家庭问题，如两性关系，家庭，友谊等，但在直接表现女性主观世界方面她们是很有革命性的。
8. More popular than this Western-style drama, however, was Peking Opera, raised to new artistic heights by the likes of Mei Lanfang (梅兰芳).
译文：比西方风格的戏剧更流行的，是艺术高度被梅兰芳等抬得很高的京戏。
9. Comparison often is made between Jia (Family), one of the novels in the trilogy, and Dream of the Red Chamber (红楼梦).
译文：人们经常在三部曲小说之一的《家》和《红楼梦》之间进行比较。
10. The "New Sensationists" (新感觉派) –a group of writers based in Shanghai who were influenced, to varying degrees, by Western and Japanese modernism—wrote fiction that was more concerned with the unconscious and with aesthetics than with politics or social problems.
译文：“新感觉派”--一批以上海为基地、在不同程度上受到西方和日本现代主义影响的作家，创作了更多与无意识和美学而非政治或社会问题相关的小说作品。
中国文化概论作业答案
《中国文化概论》作业1 一、选择题（每题1分，共15题） 1. “文”“化”二字的复合使用，较早见于战国末年儒生编写的（ A ） A、《易传》 B、《吕氏春秋》 C、《战国策》 D、《国语》 2. 战国时期邹衍在总结早期阴阳五行学说基础上，提出了（ C ）的观点。 A、八卦 B、天人感应 C、五行相胜 D、天道自然 3. 玄学是在魏晋时期兴盛起来的，以（ B ）为本，并结合《周易》中的儒家思想，所创立起来的一种新的哲学思想。 A、法家思想 B、老庄思想 C、墨家思想 D、佛学思想 4．东汉永平十年，汉明帝派使节去印度求取佛经，以白马驮佛像经卷回到洛阳，在洛阳城外建（D），是史书记载佛教传入中国的开端。 A、少林寺 B、相国寺 C、大理寺 D、白马寺 5．“天行健，君子以自强不息”出自（ C ）。 A、《论语》 B、《孟子》 C、《易传》 D、《尚书》 6．最早提出“天道自然”观点的是（ B ）。 A、史伯 B、老子 C、庄子 D、列子 7．真正使禅宗成为中国佛教的一个重要宗派的是（ B ）。 A、达摩 B、六祖慧能 C、神秀 D、济颠 8．宋代哲学家张载提出的宇宙本原观点是（ A ）。 A、气本论 B、理本论 C、一阴一阳谓之道 D、吾心即宇宙 9．儒家五经由汉朝人用当时通行的文字（ B ）记录成书的，所以称为今文经，训解、研究今文经的学问称为今文经学。 A、小篆 B、隶书 C、籀文 D、大篆 10．倡导“知行合一”“致良知”并加以系统理论阐述的，是明代哲学家是（ B ）。 A、李贽 B、王阳明 C、陆九渊 D、顾炎武 11. 宋代哲学家张载提出的宇宙本原观点是（ A ）。 A、气本论 B、理本论 C、一阴一阳谓之道 D、吾心即宇宙 12. 书院之名，最早见于（ D ），最初是作为官方藏书、修书的场所。但真正具有教学性质的书院出现在唐末五代，兴盛于宋代。并逐步衍变成具有学校教育、学术研究、图书整理和出版性质的机构。 A、西周 B、战国 C、汉代 D、唐代 13. “五斗米道”是东汉年间沛国丰人张陵在西蜀（ C ）创立的。 A、昆仑山 B、巴山 C、鹤鸣山 D、武当山 14. “三玄”是指《老子》、《庄子》和（ D ） A、《列子》 B、《文子》 C、《春秋繁露》 D、《周易》 15．“大一统”的国家观念最早见于（ B ） A、《尚书》 B、《春秋·公羊传》 C、《左传》 D、《史记》 一、简答题（每题2.5分，共2题） 1、道教的信仰特征。 (1）首先指出道教把道家的“道”人格化为什么。 （2）指出道教的核心内容与终极关怀是什么。 （3）指出道教有哪两重理想境地。 （4）指出道教乐生、重生、贵术的特点。 （5）最后指出道教对“命”的态度。 2、今文经学与古文经学的区别。 今文经学和古文经学，是西汉末年形成的经学研究中的两个派别。所谓“今文”和“古文”，最初只是指两种字体。“今文”指的是汉代通行的隶书，“古文”指秦始皇统一中国以前的古文字。传授经典的学者，所持底本是用战
中国茶文化英语演讲稿3篇
中国茶文化英语演讲稿3篇 英语演讲，是指以英语为载体，针对某个话题发表自己的意见和看法，以此来影响、感染听众，达到一种宣传目的的交际活动。小编为大家整理了中国茶文化英语演讲稿3篇，欢迎大家阅读。 中国茶文化英语演讲稿篇1 The practice of drinking and serving tea has been part of China's cultural identity for centuries. China used to be the world's sole provider of tea. Today, tea is the world's most widely consumed beverage after water, and famous Chinese teas are still highly prized. Tea experts estimate that top-quality Longjing will sell for 40,000 to 50,000 yuan per 500 grams this year, about 25 percent higher than last year. The price of common Longjing will be around 4,000 yuan per 500 grams this year. Though quality tea is highly pursued at home, it seems that it has not secured a strong position in the global market. Li Shiwei is the board chairman of Tianfu Group, a flagship tea enterprise based in Fujian Province, a major production region of oolong tea in China. He says a major problem for today's private tea enterprises is that they do not have enough money to operate on a large scale, let alone undertake promotions overseas.
如何用英语介绍中国茶文化
如何用英语介绍中国茶文化 中国拥有三千多年的茶文化。 Yes, I prefer tea. 是的，我爱喝茶。 Most Chinese people like tea and Chinese people are the first people in the world who have tea.大多数中国人都喜欢喝茶，中国人是世界上最早饮用茶的人。 And we have a recorded history of tea of three thousand years. 茶在中国有记载的历史已经有三千多年了。 And one thousand and two hundred years ago, a man named Lu Yu wrote a book which is called “Cha Jing”, means “the Bible of Tea”.大约一千两百年以前，有一个叫陆羽的人，专门写了一本《茶经》。And this is the very first book on tea in the world.这是世界上第一本关于茶的书。The book offers a detailed explanation of the original tea, tools for picking and manufacturing tea, types and verification of tea, tea wares for brewing and drinking, history and method of tea drinking, as well as tea producing districts and their rankings. 这本书详细介绍了茶的起源，采茶、制茶的工具，茶的种类和鉴定，煮茶、饮茶的器皿，饮茶风俗的历史演变，茶叶的产地和品质等等。
中国文化概论试题及答案
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【9A文】中国文化概论试题及答案全套
中国文化概论选择题练习试卷 一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分) 1．一个时期某一阶层或某一行业的人群对文化问题所持的态度和看法，或在某一文化事象里所表现的意识形态，称作【C】 A．文化思潮B．文化传统C．文化观念D．文化现象 2．中国广大的东部地区处在季风气候区内，四季分明，降雨量呈明显的季节性，故其灾害性气候也不少，旱灾特重，其次是【C】 A．地质灾害等B．沙尘暴灾害等C．洪涝灾害等D．风灾等 3．从气候变迁的角度讲，南宋中期到元代中期，我国气候进入【D】 A．第一个温暖期B．第二个温暖期C．第三个温暖期D．第四个温暖期 4．分裂与统一是中国历史的两大现象，其占主导倾向的追求是【D】 A．和睦B．团结C．和平D．统一 5．旧石器时代的特征是打制石器的使用，当时还没有【D】 A．原始采集业B．原始捕捞业C．原始狩猎业D．农业 6．中国“家天下”的历史开始于【C】 A．三皇时代B．五帝时代C．夏代D．商代 7．春秋时期的思想家更像学者、牧师，而战国时期的思想家更像【D】 A．教师B．官吏C．说客D．辩士 8．中国历史上，南方的水稻生产上升至高居粮食作物产量的全国第一位是在【C】 A．唐朝B．北宋C．南宋D．元朝 9．七巧板运用的原理是古算中的【A】 A．出人相补原理B．等差原理C．中国剩余定理D．秦王暗点兵 10．我国古代医学诊断技术“四诊”指望、闻、问和【D】 A．查B．验C．测D．切 11．我国的造纸术传人欧洲是在【C】 A．公元6世纪B．公元8世纪C．公元12世纪D．公元16世纪 12．中国古代，开创考选官员的制度，而且确立了儒家思想在选官制度中的支配地位的朝代是【B】A．周代B．汉代C．隋代D．唐代 13．中国古代社会的政治结构具有独特的东方文化特色，以血缘关系为纽带的宗法原则与君主专制的政治体制相结合，使得中国政治制度的鲜明特点是【C】 A．选举政治B．世袭政治C．伦理政治D．文官政治 14．完整的宗法制度出现于【C】 A．五帝时期B．夏朝C．周代D．春秋时期 15．君主专制制度之下，古代中国政治生活中的头等大事是【D】 A．宗族祭祀与祖先崇拜B．军事征伐与发展农业C．祖先崇拜与发展农业D．宗族祭祀与军事征伐 16．中国素称“礼义之邦”，把礼的重要作用说成是“经国家，定社稷，序民人，利后嗣”的经典是【A】A．《左传》B．《周礼》C．《论语》D．《孟子》 17．下列典籍中，运用类比思维最多的是【D】 A．《周礼》B．《庄子》C．《周易》D．《诗经》 18．下列观念中，造成中国文化中追求和谐社会的理想主义倾向的观念是【B】 A．知行合一B．天人合一C．重义轻利D．文以载道 19．倡导道教于鹤鸣山(今四川崇庆境内)，因人道须出五斗米，故称“五斗米道”。这位“天师”是【A】A．张道陵B．张角C．张鲁D．张衡 20．唐代有一位诗人贬谪江州后，寄情山水诗酒之间，继而皈依佛教，以“香山居士”自许。这位诗人是【D】 A．王维B．柳宗元C．杜牧D．白居易 21．在中华民族传统美德中，不管是哪个历史时期，也不管是官方还是民间，各个阶层所公认的最普遍的道德标准是【A】 A．仁B．义C．礼D．智 22．中国境内的语言可归属于【C】 A．三大语系B．四大语系C．五大语系D．六大语系
中国文化概论试卷+答案
一、名词解释：（回答模式：出处+解释）、 1、文化的大传统+小传统 ?中国文化的大传统：是由私塾、学校、书院的教育形成的。通过一些有财产、有教养的家庭环境的影响和上层社会的通行规则，逐渐建立起来。在古代中国，一个在这样传统中生活的人，从小受家塾的教育，读经典，长大考经典，按照经典的礼仪规则参加社会活动，形成了一个相互认同的阶层。他们的行为、举止、谈吐是他们相互认同的标志，这个传统的延续，是由一代一代的教育（特别是经典学习）来保证。 ?小传统：民众的生活与知识 1.耳濡目染的经验。 2.文化阶层的影响。 3.传统仪式的暗示。 4.乡村生活中很重要的，演戏、说书。 美国人类学家罗伯特·雷德菲尔德提出一对类似于“上智下愚”的概念，叫做“大传统和小传统”。前者指代表着国家与权力的，由城镇的知识阶级所掌控的书写的文化传统（是以都市为中心,社会中少数内省的上层士绅、知识分子所代表的文化）；后者则指代表乡村的，由乡民通过口传等方式传承的大众文化传统（指散布在村落中多数非内省的农民所代表的生活文化）。他希望借助于对现实的社会空间的内部划分，来说明社会中同时并存的有两种不同的传统。雷德菲尔德的这一区分很快被学术界所接纳，有时又改称“精英文化与通俗文化”，成为相当流行的文化分析工具 2、克己复礼：儒家指约束自己，使每件事都归于“礼”，“礼”为西周之礼。“克己复礼”是达到仁德境界的修养方法。 出处：《论语.颜渊》：“颜渊问仁。子曰：‘克己复礼为仁。一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉！为仁由己，而由人乎哉？’”孔子在早年的政治追求中，一直以恢复周礼为己任，并把克己复礼称之为仁。颜渊向孔子询问什么是仁以及如何才能做到仁，孔子作出了这种解释。因此，可以把克己复礼视为孔子早年对人的定义。 ?孔子认为，要恢复社会秩序，使人人各安其位，上下和睦，必须要“克己复礼” 孔子的政治理想，以“周礼”维护社会秩序，使人人各安其位，各司其职，上下和睦的理想没有能够实现。但对于“礼”的重视却一直影响着中国的传统。 “礼”的精神和内在根据在于“仁”孔子把“仁爱”之情，赋予了“礼”，才使礼有了合法性，和道德内涵。 3、鼓盆而歌：表示对生死的乐观态度。也表示丧妻的悲哀。 庄子认为人的生命是由于气之聚；人的死亡是由于气之散；人是由宇宙大道演化而来的，是道 在世间的具体体现形式。人的生命与其他一切生命一样，都只是宇宙演变过程中的一刹之间， 人生与人死也就没有什么差别了。既然生死没有差别，人活着也算不上什么乐事，死亡了也就 没有必要悲哀。因而，最明智的人生态度是顺其自然。也就是说，人一旦出生，你就自然而然 地活着，不要有什么非分之想，也用不着为活在世上而庆幸；如果死去了，你就自然而然的回 归，用不着为离开人生而苦恼，也不要有太多的留恋，庄子认为，如果在思想上能够认识到这 一点，那就是人生的大智大慧；如果在行动上能够做到这一点，那你的一生就会有永远的快乐，如果你对自己、对他人都这样认为，都这样对待，那你就坦然一生，无忧无虑，并具有了达到 圣人境界的潜质。他这番道理，姑且不论其真实程度。就以他对生死的态度来说，便远在常人 之上。他摆脱了鬼神对于人类生死命运的摆布，只把生死视为一种自然的现象；认为生死的过 程不过是像四时的运行一样。
中国传统文化英语翻译
元宵节： Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣：embroidery 3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting 6. 书法：Calligraphy 7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11.战国：Warring States 12.风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13.铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 14.函授部：The Correspondence Department 15.集体舞：Group Dance 16.黄土高原：Loess Plateau 17.红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals 18.中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 19.结婚证：Marriage Certificate 20.儒家文化：Confucian Culture 21.附属学校：Affiliated school 22.古装片：Costume Drama 23.武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 24.元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25.一国两制：One Country, Two Systems 26.火锅：Hot Pot 27.四人帮：Gang of Four 28.《诗经》：The Book of Songs 29.素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30.《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31.大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement) 32.《西游记》：The Journey to the West 33.除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34.针灸：Acupuncture 35.唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37.偏旁：radical 38.孟子：Mencius 39.亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic 40.大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41.火药：gunpowder 42.农历：Lunar Calendar 43.印/玺：Seal/Stamp 44.物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization 45.京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera
完整中国文化概论试题及答案推荐文档
[1]“圣人观乎天文，以察时变；观乎人文，以化成天下”出自于（）。 答：C A《论语》 B《庄子》 C《周易》 D.《尚书》 [2] 下列不属于我国传统的市商贸易方式有（）。 答：D A农商兼宫 B行商经营 C坐商经营 D公司经营 [3]下列不属于中国传统礼俗规约伦理特征的是（）。 答：D A等差性 B调和性 C规范性 D自觉性 [4]下列各项中属于中国传统的思维模式是（）。 答：C A个体思维
B理论思维 C辩证思维 D抽象思维 ⑸ 下列我国古代有关天人关系的重要观点表述错误的是（）。 答：D A天人合一 B天人交胜 C天人之分 D天人相分 ⑹ 佛教传入中国以后，与中国传统文化融合形成了典型的中国化的佛教，它是（）。 答：D A道教 B儒教 C袄教 D禅宗 [7]“文以载道”的艺术命题的提出者是（）。 答：D A张载 B二程 C朱熹 D周敦颐
[8]"修辞立其诚”出自于（）。 答：C A《论语》 B《庄子》 C《周易》 D《老子》 [9]中国文化与世界文化的交汇最主要的有（）次。 答：B A1 B2 C3 D4 [10] 旧石器时代的特征是（）。 答：A A打制石器的使用 B农业 C制陶 D石器的磨制与钻孔 [11]古代开发利用自然方面的主要失误，一是土地的过当开垦，二是（）。 答：A A林木资源的过量开米 B乱修水利
C运河的开凿 D牧马场的广布 [12]儒家的创始人是（）。 答：A A孔子 B荀子 C孟子 D子思 [13]下列不属于我国传统的市商贸易的模式有（）。 答：D A市 B集 C墟 D [14]下列不属于中国传统礼俗规约伦理特征的是（ ）。 答：D A等差性 B调和性 C规范性 D自觉性 [15]下列各项中属于中国传统的思维模式是（）。
中国文化概论答案汇总
《中国文化概论》 一.单选题；共50题,50.0分， 1中国封建历史几千年来重农抑商的因素是；，。 A、 保证税收 B、 官工制度 C、 土贡制度 D、 以上都是 正确答案；D 2敬授民时代表的是什么~；， A、 祭祀占筮的需求B、 君主统治的需求C、 农耕文化的需求D、 游牧民族的需求正确答案；C 3分封制下的君民关系是；，。 A、 舟水关系 B、 同体关系 C、 主仆关系 D、 君臣关系 正确答案；B 4周初的时候有一些殉葬现象：是因为；，。 A、 祭祀活动 B、 战争占筮 C、 天灾人祸 D、 殷商遗民 正确答案；D 5儒家思想产生于什么背景之下~ A、 1/14页 礼乐文明 B、 史官哲学 C、 宗教祭祀 D、 经济发达
正确答案；A 6先秦时期有三朝划分：分别为内朝、中朝、外朝：外朝主要职责是；，。 A、 治理家室 B、 治理国事 C、 治理万民 D、 治理夷狄 正确答案；C 7文治政府在古代的优点是；，。 A、 实行仁政百姓安居B、 任用下层精英分子C、 道德至上的政治理想D、 统一的国家政权正确答案；B 8媵嫁制度兴起于；，。 A、 夏 B、 商 C、 西周 D、 汉 正确答案；C 9老子思想产生的基础：以下不正确的是~ A、 史官哲学 B、 宗教祭祀 C、 2/14页 宗教神灵 D、 礼乐文明 正确答案；D 10根据儒家心性之学：达到天地境界必须；，。 A、 起信神灵 B、 敬畏自然 C、 培育善根 D、 巫术崇拜 正确答案；C 11中国古代文化强调“和”：下列对“和”的解释最恰当的是；，。 A、
盐梅和羹 B、 和而不同 C、 天下一家 D、 天下大同 正确答案；A 12分封制是一次重大改造：被改造的是；，。 A、 原始的血缘关系B、 原始的居住 C、 原始的生活 D、 以上都对 正确答案；D 13佛教的最高宗旨是；，。 A、 仁义礼智信 B、 文行忠信 C、 四大皆空 D、 无欲无求 正确答案；B 3/14页 14二重证据法指的是把发现的史料与古籍记载结合起来考证古史的方法：由；，提出。 A、 鲁迅 B、 王国维 C、 陈寅恪 D、 钱谦益 正确答案；B 15《诗经?采薇》属于哪种礼的范围~；， A、 宾礼 B、 军礼 C、 祭礼 D、 家礼
Chinese tea culture(中国茶文化-英文版)
Chinese tea culture（中国茶文化-英文版） China is the hometown of tea, tea, tea has several thousand years of history, pruducts blend of the main varieties are green tea, black tea, Oolong tea, Huacha, white tea, yellow tea. Tea with fitness, the rule of the disease of drug efficacy, the rich enjoy the fun, can cultivate sentiments. Tea, is China's personal guests of the elegant entertainment and social activities, sitting teahouses, tea party are Chinese social groups tea activities. Chinese tea in the world renowned, came to Japan in the Tang Dynasty, a Japanese tea ceremony. Chinese tea drinking began. Salt to boil the tea water, in accord with nature, Ya-drink taste for tea taste of the inherent lies mood, this is the tea of the characteristics of Chinese tea. The same quality of tea, such as different water, tea brewing technology different or mixed, bubble tea to have different results. China since ancient times was very particular about the tea brewing, and has accumulated rich experience. Bubble village, to understand the characteristics of various types of tea, the brew master of science technology, so that the inherent quality of tea can be fully demonstrated. Chinese tea, pay attention to a "goods". "Tea" is not only the identification of the pros and cons of tea, Shen Si with an unparalleled sense of taste and the taste of tea Italy. In his busy schedule of the counter; Nongcha a pot, of the Optional Yajing, Zizhenziyin, can eliminate fatigue, Si Yi Di trouble, be inspired, can also slow Chuo fine drink, to the enjoyment of the United States so that the spiritual world of sublimation To the lofty realm of art. Tea by the general environment of buildings, gardens, domestic furniture, tea wares, and other factors component. Tea requirements quiet, clean, comfortable, clean. China's world-renowned gardens, scenic landscapes is Bukeshengshu. Use of the natural landscape or garden, Erection teahouse, let people rest, Interest scene. China is an ancient civilization, Liyizhibang, heavy courtesy. Where to the guests, tea, Jingcha the etiquette is essential. When Youke visit, seeking an opinion, the choice of most visitors to taste the best tea and hospitality. King off to tea, tea with the appropriate fight is necessary. In accompany guests tea masters, to the attention of the guests cups, pots of tea residue, the general use tea cup if he has to drink half, we should add boiling water, with the drink with Tim, the concentration of tea remained consistent , The water temperature appropriate. In tea may also be accompanied by appropriate Chasi, candy, food, taste and adjust to the dim sum effect. Chinese tea culture and the formation and development China is the hometown of tea, is the world's first discovery of tea, tea and the use of tea cultivation countries. The origin of tea at least the main Qi Wannian history. Tea was found and the use of human, about Siwuqiannian history. The use of tea was first conceived in the wild collection activities. Legend has it that ancient history "Shennong is Delicate Yuti, to lung liver five internal organs are reflected in its" on the grounds that "if not for Delicate Yuti, taste the medicine on the 1st event of 12 drugs, and why the
中国茶文化英文介绍(1)
中国茶文化英文介绍 The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "savoring." "Savoring tea" is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves. China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one’s hunger. 参考译文： 中国人饮茶，注重一个"品"字。"品茶"不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。
中国茶文化英文介绍
The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "savoring." "Savoring tea" is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves. China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one's hunger. 参考译文： 中国人饮茶，注重一个"品"字。"品茶"不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。 中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。 注释：
中国文化概论课后答案
中国文化概论课后答案 绪论 一为什么说文化就是“自然的人化”？ 文化的实质性含义是指：人化或人类化，即人类主体通过社会实践活动，适应、利用、改造自然界客体而逐步实现自身价值观念的过程。其体现即有自然面貌、形态、功能的不断改观；也有人类个体与群体素质的不断提高和完善。 二怎样理解广义文化与狭义文化的联系和区别？ 广义的文化，着眼于人类与一般动物，人类社会与自然界的本质区别，着眼于人类卓立于自然的独特的生存方式，其涵盖面非常广泛，所以又被称为大文化。狭义的文化排除人类社会——历史生活中关于物质创造活动及其结果的部分，专注于精神创造活动及其结果，主要是心态文化，又称“小文化”。 三文化结构的四层次包括哪些内容？ 对文化的结构解剖，有两分说，即分为物质文化和精神文化；有三层次说，即分为物质、制度、精神三层次；有四层次说，即分为物质、制度、风俗习惯、思想与价值。有六大子系统说，即物质、社会关系、精神、艺术、语言符号、风俗习惯等。（注意：这里还是记住为好，六大系统可简记为：社语俗物精艺） 四怎样认识和评价中国传统文化？ 中国传统文化是中华民族历史的结晶，具有历史性和现实性，不是博物馆里的陈列品，传统文化所蕴含的、代代相传的思维方式、价值观念、行为准则、一方面具有强烈的历史性、遗传性；另一方面具有鲜活的现实性、变异性，它无时无刻不在影响着今天的中国人，为我们开创新文化提供历史的根据和现实的基础。 五解释“文化”“文明”“狭义文化”“广义文化”？ 六中国传统文化是什么时候的文化？ 七中国文化的基本内容？ 第一章中国文化的历史地理环境 一一历史上哪些地理因素对中国文化的形成和发展产生过较大的影响？举例说明。 1 黄河中下游一带是是中国历史上百姓生存和繁衍的最适宜地区，在中国占主导地位的传统文化，无论是物质的，还是精神的，都是建立在农业生产的基础上的，它们形成于农业区，也随着农业区的扩大而传播。农业文明对中国文化的延续性起了很大的作用。 2 地理环境对中国文化多样性的影响主要表现为，地理障碍对人类活动、特别是交通运输的影响。不同的地理环境与物质条件，形成了不同人群的不同生活方式与思想观念，受到了不同程度的外来文化影响。 3 地理障碍对文化的传播有很大的影响，也使中国的不同地区所受的外来文化影响和影响程度各不相同。 4 地理环境对开放与封闭的影响是相对的，首先，不存在绝对的开放或封闭的地理环境；其次在不同的生产力条件下，影响的程度是不同的；再次自然地理环境也不是决定开放与否的唯一条件，海洋并不是开放的唯一途径。 5 中国历史上确实长期缺乏开放的动力，但从某种意义上说，根本的原因并不是地理阻隔，而是中国的地理条件过于优越。