食品专业英语考试重点

GDA:平均绩点；make an appointment:预约professional body；专业团队institute of food technologist:；食品技术研究所past tense；过去时bachelor degree；学士学位master degree；硕士学位doctor degree；博士学位food science and engineering食品科学与工程；correspondence courses函授课程；present perfect现在完成时；present perfect continuous 现在完成进行时；HPLC:高效液相色谱法；GC气象色谱；SPC统计过程控制（统计学）；autocontrol fermentor 自动控制发酵罐；lab data process实验数据处理；statistical process统计学；Matlab 数学软件；have rapport with和。。关系融洽；scientific presentation学术报告；emergency issue紧急状况；International journal国际期刊；food science and technology食品科学与技术；entry level 入门级；inventory control库存控制；UV紫外线；high-yield mutant高产突变株；passive voice被动语态；overzealous过度用心；not pull one's weight未尽全力；beverage饮料；fellow professional同行；a tenured position享有终身的职位；R&D研究开发；toss into投进；at one's disposal工某人使用；everchanging 不断变化的；a star performer表现突出的人；pesticide residue杀虫剂残留；a cover letter求职信；a solid resume一个坚实的简历；flashy fonts 闪光字体；up-to-date最新的；E-mall address邮箱地址；control overly cutesy name控制过于矫揉造作；personality traits人格特质；objective statement目的陈述；special accomplishment专业素养；special talent特殊才能；Additional skill额外技能；military service军事服务；dynamic action rerbs动态动作动词；CV履历；be meant to be命中注定；冷冻Scholarly conventions ；学术会议stodgy油腻的；As a minimum 最低限度上；a massive borm 巨大繁荣；Chronological resume 按时间顺序排列的简历；a spate of 一连串的；Function resume 以职能为主的简历；dine out 外出吃饭；Tageted resume 针对性简历；pub grub 酒吧食物；Wanted ad 招聘广告；sea change 巨变；Combination resume 综合性简历；CAMRA 争取散装啤酒的活动；Scannable resumes 可扫描的简历；game meats 野味；Expertise in 在。。。方面有专长；home-made desserts 自制甜点；Federal and state 联邦和国家；scone 烤饼；Break from 打破；due to 由于；Resume bank 简历库；border on 与。接壤；CE 优质贷款原则；olive oil 橄榄油；Make or break sb in sth 造成某人在某事的成功或失败；scallion 大葱；ginger 姜；Contact information 联系信息；garlic 大蒜；Part-time job 兼职工作；chillipepper辣椒粉；Emphasize/underline 强调；cinnamon 肉桂；Extracurricular activities 课外活动；peppercorn 胡椒子；Apply for 申请；sesame oil 芝麻油；V olume/mass production 批量生产；play on 对；产生影响；Put forward利用；come up提出；with Guess work 猜测；Cuisine 烹饪；Temperate climate 温和气候；Ingredient 调料成分；Nasted and stewed meat 烤和炖的肉；Chillies 红辣椒；Stir—fry 爆；Culinary ideas 烹饪理念Pasta 意大利面Refrigeration 冷冻In parallel with 与。。同时发生Oven-ready—meals 代考食品supermarket超市lead to 导致unable to afford 不能支付recipes；cookbook食谱；mushy peas 豌豆糊；steak and kidney pie 牛腰馅饼；mashed potato 土豆泥；spread to 传播蔓延；midnight snack夜宵；fuel 燃气；

carbohydrate 碳水化合物,；pancake 饼, ；shallot 葱, ；thin soup 清汤；,creamy 浓汤；,gril 烤；,pan-fry 煎；,stir-fry 快炒,；cucumber 黄瓜；braise 炖,；condiments 调味品；food tonic食补；hangover 遗留物；prickly ash 花椒；pungent 辛辣的

1.你的资历包括从高中起的教育以及你过去参加过的特殊培训。Your qualifications include your education from high school on and any special training you may have done in the past.

2.如果你真的没有工作经验，不要吹嘘，而是列出你的志愿者工作和社会活动。If you truly have no work experience, don't try to bluff, instead list your volunteer work or community activities.

3.当你走进屋子给面试官的第一印象对后面的面试有很大的影响。When you walk in the room, the very first impression you make on the interviewer can have a great influence on the rest of the interview.

4.我毕业于河南科技大学，我的专业是食品科学与工程。I graduated from Henan University of Science&Technology, my major is food and technology.

5.我的第一份工作是在洛阳全福担任质检员。My first job was working in luoyang QuanFu Group as quality inspector.

6.我的职责是做销售预测，为生产部门提供总的需求。My duty is making sales forecast and providing gross product requirement for production department.

7.我能在压力下很好工作，当有最后期限时，我能集中于手头工作，并很好地设计工作计划。I work well under pressure, when there is a deadline, I can focus on the task at hand and structure my work schedule well.

8.多数公司提供晋升的机会，所以不要害怕从头开始。Most companies provide chances of promotion, so don't be afraid to start from scratch.

9. 能告诉我你上一个工作职责是什么吗？Can you tell me about your responsibility at your last job?

10. 翻译结果我对你公司的洛阳宫啤酒印象深刻I'm impressed deeply by your luoyang palace beer of your company.

11. 我确信洛阳宫啤酒将成为未来市场上最好的产品,我想成为你们公司的一员I am sure that luoyang palace beer will become the future the best on the market products, I want to become a member of your company

1.你的资历包括从高中起的教育以及你过去参加过的特殊培训。Your qualifications include your education from high school on and any special training you may have done in the past.

2.如果你真的没有工作经验，不要吹嘘，而是列出你的志愿者工作和社会活动。If you truly have no work experience, don't try to bluff, instead list your volunteer work or community activities.

3.当你走进屋子给面试官的第一印象对后面的面试有很大的影响。When you walk in the room, the very first impression you make on the interviewer can have a great influence on the rest of the interview.

4.我毕业于河南科技大学，我的专业是食品科学与工程。I graduated from Henan University of Science&Technology, my major is food and technology.

5.我的第一份工作是在洛阳全福担任质检员。My first job was working in luoyang QuanFu Group as quality inspector.

6.我的职责是做销售预测，为生产部门提供总的需求。My duty is making sales forecast and providing gross product requirement for production department.

7.我能在压力下很好工作，当有最后期限时，我能集中于手头工作，并很好地设计工作计划。I work well under pressure, when there is a deadline, I can focus on the task at hand and structure my work schedule well.

8.多数公司提供晋升的机会，所以不要害怕从头开始。Most companies provide chances of promotion, so don't be afraid to start from scratch.

9. 能告诉我你上一个工作职责是什么吗？Can you tell me about your responsibility at your last job?

10. 翻译结果我对你公司的洛阳宫啤酒印象深刻I'm impressed deeply by your luoyang palace beer of your company.

11. 我确信洛阳宫啤酒将成为未来市场上最好的产品,我想成为你们公司的一员I am sure that luoyang palace beer will become the future the best on the market products, I want to become a member of your company

12.The research about this enzyme can be traced back to 1970s.（关于这个酶的研究可以追溯到20世纪70年代）

13.Recently, the use of reproducible resource has reached new heights.（近来再生资源的利用达到了新的高度）

14.Vinegar could play on the taste buds.（醋可以起味觉的调节作用）

15.Pay attention to the harmony of appearance, smell, taste, texture when confecting the beverage.（在配制饮料时应当注意色、香、味、质地的协调）

1、The rationing of most foods during （and for some years after）world war Ⅱdid little to assist the situation，though it did raise the average nutritional standards of the population to levels never previously achieved——from which they have since declined第二次世界大战及此后的几年里，大部分食品的配给制并没有改善这种情况，虽然配给制确实是民众的平均营养水平提高到以前没有达到的高度——但从那时起营养水平开始下降

2、whilst this reputation has never been wholly desewed，as high quality fare has already been available to those who know where to find it,it is undeniable that in qeneral food served in Britain often fails to reach the same general level of excellence that can easily be found across English Channel in France.但是这种声誉并不总是应得的，应为高质量的食物总是向知道到哪里去寻找他的人们敞开着，不可否认，在英国供应的大众食品常常达不到在英吉利海峡对面的法国很容易找到的同样大众水平那么卓越。

3、However，in Britain today there is more interest in food than there has ever been before，with celebrity chefs leading the drive toward raising the standard of food in the UK。不过，如今英国在著名厨师的引领下正趋于提高英国食品标准，人们对食品的兴趣已经超越了以往任何时候。

4、Any discussion of the influence on French cuisine would be incomplete without recognizing the historical contribution of Ittaly to the development of French cooking 。In 1533，Catherine De Medicisca Florentine princess married Henry duc d’orleans(who became king Henry 2 of France)。At this point，France was not know for its food or food culture。Catherine brought an entourage of Italian chefs with her to French，who introduced to Frence a variety of dishes，food preparation to Frence a variety of dishes，food preraration and dining practices。Although Frence and Italy obriously have evolved very different food cultures，both before and since this contribution，much of Frence current food culture can be traced back to this time.不过意大利队法国餐饮发展的历史贡献来进行意大利队法国餐饮的影响的讨论是片面的。1553年，佛罗伦萨公主嫁给了亨利二世。此时，法国并没有因为饮食或饮食文化而闻名于世。公主将意大利厨师带入法国，这位厨师向法国人介绍了各式各样的菜肴，食品准备及正餐的做法。尽管在此之前及之后，法国和意大利有着截然不同的饮食文化的发展，但是法国流行饮食文化的确可以追溯于此。

5、A further point is that over festive periods，with the play of word’s phonetics,well meaning felicitous names of dishes have many people trying to guess what they are about to eat thereby adding fun to eaying.此外，整个节目期间，运用词的谐音，赋予菜吉利的名字，使许多人将会设想他们将会吃到什么，以增加吃的乐趣。

专业英语考试重点

这是考试范围，第一道大题选十个单词或词组，第二道答题选十个缩写词，第三道答题选六段翻译1.写出下列单词或词组的中文。 multimeter 万用表insulation 绝缘transistor 晶体管，三极管envelope 包络线spectrum 频谱 binary 二进制 antenna 天线harmonics 谐波attenuation 衰减capacitance 电容differential 微分bandwidth 带宽propagation 传播transmission 传输optical fiber 光纤 channel 信道 multiplex 多路复用 modulation 调制telecommunication 电信impairment 减损 sampling 抽样，取样 quantizing 量化 carrier 载波 encryption 加密 scheme 方案？计划？设计？系统？trade off 综合考虑？权衡？协调？state of art 技术发展水平performance 性能，效率 ULSI Very Large Scale Integration超大规模集成电路 fier Foundation for Instrumentation Education and Research 使用仪器教育和研究基金会 2.写出下列缩写的全称 DSBFC double-sideband full carrier双边带全载波调制 ITU International Telecommunications Union国际电信联盟 FFT Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅立叶变换 IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform 逆快速傅立叶变换 LAN local area network 局域网 MAN Metropolitan Area Network 城域网 WAN Wide Area Network 广域网 WWW world wide web 全球网、万维网 HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议 GPRS General Packet Radio Service 通用无线分组业务 ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange美国信息交换标准码 ISDN integrated services digital network 综合业务数字网 ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line非对称数字用户环路 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 电气与电子工程师协会 ISO International Standardization Organization国际标准化组织 FET field-effect transistor 场效应管 USB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线 GSM global system for mobile communication 全球移动通信系统 CPU CentralProcessingUnit 中央处理器 LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器 CDMA Code Division Multiple Accessing 码分多址技术 3. 将下列句子译成中文。 ㈠The ratio of the capacitance with some material other than air between the plates, to the capacitance of the same capacitor with air insulation,is called the dielectric constant of that particular material.

电子信息专业英语复习资料

电子信息专业英语复习资料 一、基本术语（英译汉） 1.probe探针 2.real time operational system 实时操作系统 3.debugger 调试器 4.sourse code 源代码 5.software radio wireless LAN 软件无线电网络 6.base station 基站 7.top-down approach 自顶向下分析法 8.variable 变量 9.data compress 数据压缩 10.signal conditioning circuit 信号调理电路 11.Chebyshev Type Ⅰfilter 切比雪夫Ⅰ型滤波器 12.vertical resolution 垂直分辨率 13.device driver 设备驱动 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4313429165.html,piler 编译器 15.template 模板 16.concurrent process 并发进程 17.object recognition 目标识别 18.Discrete Time Fourier Transform 离散傅立叶变换 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4313429165.html,bined circuit 组合逻辑电路 20.impedance transform 阻抗变换器 21.voltage source 电压源22.passive component 无源器件 23.quality factor 品质因数 24.unit-impulse response 单位脉冲响应 25.noise origin 噪声源 26.Domino effect 多米诺效应 27.output load 输出负载 28.cordless phone 无绳电话 29.Antenna 天线 30.harmonic interference 谐波干涉 31.Parallel Resonant 并联谐振 32.voltage control oscillator 压控振荡器 33.adaptive delta modulation 自适应增量调制 34.amplitude modulation 调幅 二、缩略语（写出全称） 1.LSI：large scale integration 2.PMOS ：p-type metal-oxide semiconductor 3.CT：cycle threshold 4.MRI：magnetic resonance imaging 5.ROM：read-only memory 6.DRAM ：dynamic random access memory 7.TCXO ：temperature compensated X'tal (crystal) Oscillator https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4313429165.html,B：Universal Serial Bus 9.DCT：discrete cosine transform

口译参考词汇(英语视译 考试重点 参考材料)

英译汉 Threshold 门口；界限，起始点Information Revolution 信息革命 currency system 货币制度 inflation 通货膨胀 financial fraud 金融失误 rubber industry 橡胶工业 barrier 障碍，壁垒Peterson University 彼得逊大学periodical subscription 期刊 volume （书）册，数量，卷multi-media 多媒体 Intranet 内联网 win-win situation “双赢”局面roadmap 路线 mutual benefit 互惠互利sustainable development 持续发展heartland 中心城市dominant trend 主流 trend of the time 时代潮流 social communication intelligence 社会交际智能 joint venture 合资企业manufacture 制造，加工distributer 批发商 retailer 零售商 reputation 名誉 derive from 源自，来源于pasture 饲养，放牧temperate climate 温带气候 yield （谷物）产量Grassland farming 畜牧业 Candor 坦率，正直Holiday resorts 度假胜地 ski slopes 滑雪坡地championship 一流的informality 非正式，无拘无束roar 咆哮，喧闹cosmopolitan 世界性的 give instruction in 讲授 scuba diving 戴水肺潜水compassionate 有同情心的 World Economic Forum 世界经济论坛Secretary-General of the United Nations 联合国秘书长

专业英语复习资料小结

bar graph n.条形图 equalization n.均衡化;均等 image contrast n.图像对比度 addition n.加 subtraction n.减 lapse v.流逝, 失效, 下降 time-lapsed (时间上)相继的 matrix n.矩阵 motion n.运动, 动作v.运动 dimension n.维数 convolution n.回旋, 盘旋, 卷积boundary n.边界, 分界线 blur v.涂污, 污损, 使……模糊, sharp adj.锐利的, 锋利的, 明显的 locate v.定位, 位于 spectra n.范围, 光谱 spectrum n.光谱, 频谱 phase spectrum相位频谱 magnitude spectrum幅度频谱 facsimile n. 传真,摹写,影印 lossless compression（压缩）无损压缩lossy compression 有损压缩irretrievably adv.不能挽回地, 不能补救地CT (computed tomography) 计算机断层造影 MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) 核磁共振成像 DCT (discrete cosine transform)离散余弦变换 run-length encoding行程编码 Huffman encoding霍夫曼编码 Image contrast图像对比度Edge filter边缘滤波Edge detection边缘检测Object recognition目标识别 Run-length encoding行程编码Huffman encoding哈夫曼编码Pixel 像素 Gray scale image 灰度图像Gray scale level灰度级Histogram 直方图 Bar graph条形图Histogram equalization直方图均衡encryption program 加密程序deletion command 删除命令authorized user 授权的用户backup copy 备份的副本voltage surge 电涌，浪涌电压circuit breaker 断路器 electronic component 电子器件 data-entry error 数据输入错误electronic break-in 电路中断 power line 电力线，输电线EC:Electronic Commerce 电子商务Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)电子数据交换 Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)电子资金转账 embedded system 嵌入式系统 radio frequency 射频 schematic原理图 capture记录,输入 building block模块,构件 EDA (Electronic Design Automation)电子设计自动化 HDL: Hardware Description Language 硬件描述语言 Full-custom IC（全定制集成电路）

考研英语词汇参考书目推荐

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(完整版)环境工程专业英语考试重点词汇

Environmental quality 环境质量Acid rain酸雨 Sulfur dioxide二氧化硫Nitrogen oxide 氧化氮Automobile exhausts汽车尾气Infectious diseases传染病Waterborne diseases通过水传播的疾病 Carbon dioxide二氧化碳Environmental disturbance环境破坏 Aquatic life 水生物 Detection limits 检出限Qualitative 定性的Quantitative定量的Characterization 表征性能描写Unpleasant odors 难闻的气味Trace l level 痕量微量Carbon oxide碳化物 Carbon monoxide 一氧化碳Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Sulfur oxide 硫化物 Sulfur dioxide二氧化硫 Sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫Nitrogen oxide 氮化物 Nitrous oxide一氧化二氮 Nitric oxide一氧化氮 Nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮Ethane 乙烷 Propane 丙烷Photochemical oxidants 光氧化剂 Ozone臭氧 Aldehydes 乙醛 Sulfate salts硫酸盐 Hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢Ammonia氨气 Sulfur acids 硫酸 Nitric acid 硝酸 Primary air pollutant一次污染物Second air pollutant二次污染物Biofiltration生物过滤 Volatile organic compounds挥发性化合物Trickling filter滴滤器 Municipal sewage treatment plant市政污水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant污水 处理厂 Rendering plant 炼油厂 Ethanol 乙醇 Biodegradation 生物降解 Bioremediation 生物治理 Suspended solid（SS）悬浮颗粒 物 Volatile suspended solid(VSS) 挥 发性悬浮颗粒物 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)生化需氧量 Heavy mental重金属 Domestic sewage 生活废水 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量 Sewage 污水、废水 Microorganism微生物 Microbe微生物 Bacteria(复数) Bacterium(单数)细菌 Oxidizer氧化剂 Oxidant氧化剂 Dissolved oxygen溶解氧 Residence time 停留时间 Eutrophic lake富营养化的湖泊 Sanitary sewage 生活污水 Aeration tank 曝气池 Sedimentation tank 沉淀池 Eutrophication 富营养化 Adsorption 吸附 Activated carbon 活性炭 Activated sludge活性污泥 Coagulation 絮凝、凝固 Flocculation 混凝 Sedimentation 沉淀、沉积 Hydrophilic 亲水的、吸水的 Oxidizing agent 氧化剂 Reverse osmosis 反向渗透 Membrane膜 Groundwater地下水 Surface water 地表水 Aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝 Screening （用拦污栅）隔离 Turbidity 浊度，浑浊性 Colloidal胶体 Chlorine dioxide 二氧化氯 Ultraviolet light 紫外线 Limestone 石灰石 Incinerator 焚烧炉 Hazardous waste 危险废物 Refuse垃圾、废物 Environmental protection agency 环保部 Hydrogen sulfide 硫化物 Decontamination 净化，消 除……的污染 Aerobic 需氧的 Anaerobic 厌氧的 Decibel meter 分贝仪 Subsonic 亚声速的 Supersonic 超声速的 Muffler消声器 Ecological disruptions 生态破坏 Aquatic ecosystem 水环境系统 Environmental impact assessments环境影响评价 Kinetics 动力学 Steady-state 稳态的 Point source discharge点源排放 Receiving water收纳水体 Nitrogen oxide 氮氧化物 Photochemical oxidant 光化学氧 化剂 Carbon monoxide一氧化碳 Coliform bacteria 大肠杆菌

专业英语复习资料

给出定义： 1.Higher level language A high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In comparison to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or be from the specification of the program, making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable with respect to a low-level language. 2.Stateful inspection is a firewall that keeps track of the state of network connections (such as TCP streams, UDP communication) traveling across it. The firewall is programmed to distinguish legitimate packets for different types of connections. Only packets matching a known active connection will be allowed by the firewall; others will be rejected. 3. Personal productivity software 4. Metropolitan area network(MAN) A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet. 5. Network topology Network topology is the layout pattern of interconnections of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer or biological network. In a word network topology is the topological structure of a network. Network topologies may be physical or logical. Physical topology refers to the physical design of a network including the devices, location and cable installation. Logical topology refers to how data is actually transferred in a network as opposed to its physical design. In general physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network 6. DBMS database management system (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications by database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists 简要回答问题： 1.Give the definition and examples about computer virus. （这题书上答案不全， 需要网上搜点答案，组织成答案） DE: A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability. EX: For example, the CIH virus, or Chernobyl Virus, computer worm. 2.Describe the hierarchy of data organization. Data organization involves fields, records, files and so on A data field holds a single fact. Consider a date field, e.g. "September 19, 2004". This can be treated as a single date field (e.g. birthdate), or 3 fields, namely, month, day of month and year.

专业英语复习资料

1.Types of Business Organization: 1)Sole Proprietorship :an unincorporated business owned by one person 2)Partnership :owned by two or more individuals (called partners) a)Limited partnership——general partners,limited partners 3)Corporation :a legal entity separate from its owners 2、Separation of Ownership and Control (pros and cons)： Pros(赞成的理由): Specialization，Efficiency，Diversify，Going concern Cons(反对的理由)：Four major downsides：agency problem,free-riding problem,increased costs of information https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4313429165.html,rmation asymmetry 3.Overview of Financial Statements balance sheet; income statement;statement of cash flows;statement of retained earnings 4. Statement of Retained Earnings,it shows: the retained earnings balance at the start of the period;how much the firm earned (net income); how much dividends the firm paid;how much net income was reinvested back into the firm (retained earnings);any repurchases of the firm’s stock;any new issues of the firm’s stock; andthe retained earnings balance at the close of the period. 4. Statement of Cash Flow:Operating Cash Flows ，Investing Cash Flows ，Financing Cash Flows 5.Analyzing Financial Ratios Financial ratios are not standardized. Analyzing a single financial ratio for a given year may not be very useful. Some of a firm’s financial accounting practices or choices will affect its financial statements and, finally, its financial ratios. Financial ratios do not provide analysts with all of th e answers about a firm’s condition. 7. Uses and Limitations of Financial Ratio Analysis：while ratio analysis can provide useful information concerning a company’s operations and financial condition, it does have limitations that necessitate care and judgment 1.Risk-return tradeoff Investors will take on additional risk only if they anticipate high return. 2.Time value of money A dollar available today is worth more than a dollar available at a future date. This is because a dollar today can be invested to earn a return. 3.Types of value Going-concern value,Liquidation value ,Book value ,Market value ，ntrinsic value 4.Valuation Approaches discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation，relative valuation，contingent claim valuation，option-pricing models 7.Contractual Provisions of a Typical Bond Par Value,and Coupon Rate,Maturity,Call Provisions,Sinking Fund Provisions,Conversion Rights ,Put Provisions,Indenture,Trustee,Collateral,Bond Rating 1.Introduction to Risk and Return All financial assets are expected to produce cash flows, and the risk of an asset is judged by the risk of its cash flows. Here are two assumptions about risk and return: Assumption (1): The returns from investments are normally distributed.Assumption (2): Investors are risk-averse. The risk of an asset can be considered in two ways: (1) on a stand-alone basis (2) in a portfolio context. In a portfolio context, an asset’s risk can be divided into two components: a,diversifiable risk ;b. market risk.An asset with a high degree of relevant (market) risk must provide a relatively high expected rate of return to attract investors. 4.Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) Assumption 1:The returns from investments are normally distributed.Assumption 2: Investors are risk-averse.Assumption3:Investorsare rational.Assumption4:Investors are price takers.Assumption 5: The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) holds. 5. Three types of financial market efficiency: allocationally efficient, operationally efficient,informationally efficient 6. Three main factors associated with informational market efficiency The type of information to which the market price reacts,The speed at which the market price reacts to information,The degree to which market participants over-or under-react to information 8. Characteristics of an Informationally Efficient Market Price changes cannot be predicted. The price of the asset is equal to its fundamental (unobserved but true) value.Prices change due to the inflow of new information, and information flows randomly to the market.Therefore, price changes should be random and unpredictable. 10. Modern portfolio theory —Markowitz’s Mean-variance Framework ,Efficient portfolios are those that have: the lowest risk for an expected rate of return; or the highest expected rate of return for a given level of risk.The assets that meet these criteria make up the efficient frontier.

(完整版)测绘工程专业英语考试重点(包括单词)

测绘工程专业英语考试重点Geomatic测绘学 Geosciences地球科学 Geodesy大地测量学 Cadastral surveying地籍测量Geodetic surveying 大地测量Marine survey 海洋测量Geological survey 地质测量Control survey 控制测量Horizontal survey 水平测量Vertical survey 高程测量Topographic survey 地形测量Tacheometry 视距测量 Contour等高线 Chart图表 Fieldwork外业 Officework内业 Elevation高程 Basic point 基准点 Benchmark 水准基点 Stations 测站 Geoid 水准面 Vertical垂直 Theodolite经纬仪Monumentation埋石 Latitude纬度 Longitude经度 Prime meridian 本初子午线Gravity field 重力场 Curvature 曲率 Fixed error 固定误差Proportionnal error 比例误差Multiplication constant 乘常数Angle 角度 Zenith distance 天顶距 Circle 度盘 Azimuth方位角 Triangulation 三角测量Traversing 导线测量Triangulateration 边角测量 Control network 控制网 Forward intersection 前方交会 Resection 后方交会 Side intersection 侧方交会 Traverse angle 导线折角 Open traverse 支导线 Close traverse 闭合导线 Close loop traverse闭合环导线 Connecting traverse 符合导线 Coordinate increment坐标增量 Trigonometric leveling 三高程测量 Horizontal 水平距 Rod plate 尺垫 Coordinates 坐标系 Geodetic 大地基准 Origin 原点 Parameter 参数 Map projection 地图投影 Equidistant projection等距投影 Equivalent projection 等积投影 Orthographic projection 正射投影 Differential correction 差分改正 Real time kinematicRTK实动定位 Cartograph制图学 Raster 栅格光栅 Embed 嵌入 Resolution 分辨率 Data classification 数据分类 Topological relationship 拓扑关系 aerial photogrammetry 航空摄测量 Remote sensing 遥感 InSAR干涉合成孔径雷达 Prism 棱镜 Blunder/gross error 粗差 Index error 指标差 Standard deviation 标准差 Mean square error中误差 Calibrate 校准 Normal equation 法方程 Space segment 空间部分 -------------------------- settlement observation 沉陷观测 deflection observation 挠度观测 property line survey 建筑红线放 样 cross-section survey 横断面测量 geoid undulation 大地水准面差 距 orthometric height 正高 very long baseline interferometry 甚长基线干涉测量 connecting traverse 附合导线 zenith distance 天顶距 hydrographic survey 水道测量 工程测量engineering survey 施工放样construction layout or setting-out survey 竣工测量as-built survey 参考椭球reference ellipsoid 参 考 卫星激光测距satellite laser ranging(SLR) 重力场gravity field 测量平差adjustment of observation or survey adjustment 多余观测redundant observation 点位中误差mean square error of a point 粗差检验gross error detection 自动目标识别automatic target recognition(ATR 水准尺level lod 平面控制网horizontal control network 地籍测量cadastral surveying or property survey 1. Surveying is the art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of the earth that, on drawing them to scale, natural and artificial features may be exhibited in their correct horizontal or vertical relationships. 测量是测定地面上各点的相对位置，以便根据它们之间正确的水平或竖直关系，按比例展示出天然地物

专业英语考试试题与答案

1.Why are cast metal sheet ingots hot-rolled first instead of being cold-rolled? Because of cold rolling is to use hot rolled steel coils as the raw material, after acid pickling to remove oxide skin for cold rolling, the finished product is hard roll, because of cold work hardening caused by deformation of continuous cold rolling hard roll strength, increase hardness, toughness and plastic index decreased, so the stamping performance will deteriorate, can only be used for simple deformation of the parts 2.What type of heat treatment is given to the rolled metal sheet after hot and “warm” rolling? What is its purpose? 轧钢的热处理的类型？轧钢热处理的目的？ Heat treatment of the main types are annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, solution treatment and aging treatment, cold treatment, chemical treatment, etc. Annealing： The steel is heated to a certain temperature and heat preservation for a period of time, and then make it slowly cooling, called annealing. Steel annealing is a heat the steel to the phase change or part of the phase change temperature, slow cooling after heat preservation heat treatment method. The purpose of annealing is to eliminate tissue defects, improve the organization make composition uniformity and fine grains, increase mechanical properties of the steel, reduce residual stress; Can decrease the hardness at the same time, improve the plasticity and toughness, improve machinability. So before annealing in order to eliminate and improve both the legacy of tissue defects and internal stress, and to prepare for the follow-up process, so the annealing is belong to the intermediate heat treatment, also called heat treatment in advance Normalizing： Normalizing is heated to above the critical temperature of steel, to all into homogeneous austenitic steel, heat treatment and natural cooling in air. It can eliminate hypereutectoid steel mesh cementite, for hyposteel normalizing can refine crystal lattice, improve comprehensive mechanical properties, low requirements for the parts use the normalized instead of the annealing process is more economic. Quenching: Quenching is the steel is heated to above the critical temperature, heat preservation for a period of time, then quickly into the quenching medium, the temperature plummeted, rapid cooling at greater than the critical cooling rate of speed, which is mainly composed of martensite and unbalanced heat treatment method of the organization. Can increase strength and hardness of the steel quenching, but to reduce its plasticity. That is commonly used in quenching hardening agent are: water, oil, caustic soda, and salt solution, etc